바이올린 : 아이작 스턴

지휘 : 레너드 번스타인

오케스트라 : 뉴욕 필하모닉

녹음 : 1973

The Cello Sonata is a late work by the French composer Claude Debussy. It was the first of a planned series of 'Six sonates pour divers instruments', however Debussy only completed two others, the sonata for violin and the sonata for flute, viola and harp. The sonata for cello and piano was written in 1915, and is notable for its brevity, most performances not exceeding 11 minutes. It is a staple of the modern cello repertoire and is commonly regarded as one of the finest masterpieces written for the instrument. The two final movements are joined by an attacca. Instead of sonata form, Debussy structures the piece in the style of the eighteenth-century monothematic sonata, and was particularly influenced by the music of François Couperin. The piece makes use of modes and whole-tone and pentatonic scales, as is typical of Debussy's style. It also utilises many types of extended cello technique, including left-hand pizzicato, spiccato and flautando bowing, false harmonics and portamenti. Not surprisingly, the piece is considered technically demanding.

Carl María von Weber wrote his Clarinet Concertino in E flat major, Op. 26 (also catalogued as J. 109) in 1811. It was first premiered two years later, in 1813. Consisting of a single movement with three different moments (Adagio ma non troppo, andante, allegro), a standard rendition lasts around 10 minutes. The score calls for 1 flute, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns in C, 2 horns in E flat, solo clarinet, timpani, and strings.

Sergei Rachmaninoff wrote his Piano Concerto no. 3 in D minor, Op. 30 in 1909. It is considered a very demanding piece, which inspires respect between piano virtuosos (the dedicatee, Josef Hofmann, never played it, and pianist Gary Graffman was quoted saying that he should have learned it while he was young and didn't know what fear was). It was premiered in 1909 by Rachmaninoff himself as the soloist with the New York Symphony Society conducted by Walter Damrosch. It was later performed with Mahler as a conductor, a experience that apparently touched Rachmaninoff. The piece became widely popular in the 1930's thanks to Vladimir Horowitz. It is structured in three movements: even though Rachmaninoff authorized several cuts to be made at the performer discretion (in an attempt to make the work more appealing to audiences) nowadays it is usually performed in its original version, which lasts around 40 minutes.

Franz Schubert wrote his Piano Quintet in A major, D. 677, popularly known as The Trout, in 1819, when he was only 22 years old. Like a good fraction of his works, however, it was published after his death, in 1829. Schubert didn't employ the traditional quintet lineup (piano + string quartet), opting instead for replacing one violin with a double bass. The composer Johann Nepomuk Hummel had rearranged his own Septet for the same instrumentation, and the Trout was actually written for a group of musicians coming together to play Hummel's work. The nickname of the piece stems from the fourth movement, which is a set of variations on a lied by Schubert himself, named Die Forelle (the trout). Apparently the patron who commissioned the piece suggested that Schubert includ said set of variations.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wofQyw0S8D8

레나타 스코토 (소프라노)

토머스 풀턴 (피아노)