Trojan War: A legendary conflict between the Greeks and Trojans, detailed in "The Iliad."

Minoan Civilization: Preceded Mycenaeans, centered on Crete.

Mycenaean Civilization: An early Greek civilization known for its palatial states.

Peloponnesian War: A conflict between Athens and Sparta that lasted for decades.

Thucydides: Historian who wrote about the Peloponnesian War.

Herodotus: Known as the "father of history."

Hippocrates: Known as the "father of medicine."

Euclid: Often referred to as the "father of geometry."

Pythagoras: Known for the Pythagorean theorem in mathematics.

Hellenistic Period: Followed Alexander the Great’s conquests, spreading Greek culture.