This week, we review and analyze Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ (機動戦士ガンダムΖΖ) episode 24 - “Sibling Love Blooms in the Southern Seas” (南海に咲く兄妹愛), discuss our first impressions, and provide commentary and research on the history of childhood in Japan, and how children and childhood are characterized in the Gundam universe so-far.

- Articles:

Copeland, Rebecca. “Fashioning the Feminine: Images of the Modern Girl Student in Meiji Japan.” U.S.-Japan Women's Journal, no. 30/31, 2006, pp. 13–35. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/42771942. Accessed 26 Jan. 2021.

Endō, Mika. “Repurposing Poetry: The Emergence of Working-Class Children's Expression in Interwar Japan.” Japanese Language and Literature, vol. 50, no. 1, 2016, pp. 25–52., www.jstor.org/stable/24891978. Accessed 20 Jan. 2021.

Ghanbarpour, Christina. “Home Education in Rural Japan: Continuity and Change from Late Edo to the Early Postwar.” U.S.-Japan Women's Journal, no. 41, 2011, pp. 25–51. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/42772313. Accessed 27 Jan. 2021.

Sofue, Takao. “Childhood Ceremonies in Japan: Regional and Local Variations.” Ethnology, vol. 4, no. 2, 1965, pp. 148–164. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3772726. Accessed 26 Jan. 2021.

Uno, Kathleen. “Civil Society, State, and Institutions for Young Children in Modern Japan: The Initial Years.” History of Education Quarterly, vol. 49, no. 2, 2009, pp. 170–181. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40648076. Accessed 20 Jan. 2021.

- Chapters from "Child's Play: Multi-Sensory Histories of Children and Childhood in Japan" (which is available for free through Jstor, and as a free kindle download, and was an enjoyable read - I recommend it!):

Frühstück, Sabine. “‘. . . And My Heart Screams’: Children and the War of Emotions.” Child's Play: Multi-Sensory Histories of Children and Childhood in Japan, edited by Sabine Frühstück and Anne Walthall, 1st ed., University of California Press, Oakland, California, 2017, pp. 181–202. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1w8h25q.14. Accessed 26 Jan. 2021.

Moore, Aaron William. “Reversing the Gaze: The Construction of ‘Adulthood’ in the Wartime Diaries of Japanese Children and Youth.” Child's Play: Multi-Sensory Histories of Children and Childhood in Japan, edited by Sabine Frühstück and Anne Walthall, 1st ed., University of California Press, Oakland, California, 2017, pp. 141–159. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1w8h25q.12. Accessed 26 Jan. 2021.

Piel, L. Halliday. “Outdoor Play in Wartime Japan.” Child's Play: Multi-Sensory Histories of Children and Childhood in Japan, edited by Sabine Frühstück and Anne Walthall, 1st ed., University of California Press, Oakland, California, 2017, pp. 160–180. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1w8h25q.13. Accessed 27 Jan. 2021.

Porath, Or. “Nasty Boys or Obedient Children?: Childhood and Relative Autonomy in Medieval Japanese Monasteries.” Child's Play: Multi-Sensory Histories of Children and Childhood in Japan, edited by Sabine Frühstück and Anne Walthall, 1st ed., University of California Press, Oakland, California, 2017, pp. 17–40. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1w8h25q.6. Accessed 27 Jan. 2021.

Roberts, Luke S. “Growing Up Manly: Male Samurai Childhood in Late Edo-Era Tosa.” Child's Play: Multi-Sensory Histories of Children and Childhood in Japan, edited by Sabine Frühstück and Anne Walthall, 1st ed., University of California Press, Oakland, California, 2017, pp. 41–59. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1w8h25q.7. Accessed 26 Jan. 2021.

Walthall, Anne. “For the Love of Children: Practice, Affect, and Subjectivities in Hirata Atsutane’s Household.” Child's Play: Multi-Sensory Histories of Children and Childhood in Japan, edited by Anne Walthall and Sabine Frühstück, 1st ed., University of California Press, Oakland, California, 2017, pp. 60–80. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1w8h25q.8. Accessed 27 Jan. 2021.

Yuki, Jinno. “Consumer Consumption for Children: Conceptions of Childhood in the Work of Taisho-Period Designers.” Child's Play: Multi-Sensory Histories of Children and Childhood in Japan, edited by Sabine Frühstück and Anne Walthall, by Emily B. Simpson, 1st ed., University of California Press, Oakland, California, 2017, pp. 83–101. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1w8h25q.9. Accessed 27 Jan. 2021.

- Wikipedia articles for shichi-go-san (7-5-3), genpuku, and teeth blackening.

- Wikipedia article on education in Japan in the post-war period, and the "Kyoiku Mama" or "Education Mama."

- Background information about "Hagakure," and reference for the translation I quote:

Yamamoto, Tsunetomo. Hagakure: The Book of the Samurai. Translated by William Scott Wilson, Kodansha International, 2002.

- Reference for the episode of "Dark" that I quote toward the end of the research piece:

Friese, Jantje, and Ronny Schalk. “Dark.” Season 2, episode 5, Netflix, 21 June 2019.

- Library of Congress reference for Japan's current age of majority, legal voting age, and legal smoking and drinking age.

- Paper on Japan's post-war labor force (includes some limited data on labor-force participation of 15-18 year olds).

- Overview of Japanese labor law from the International Labour Organization, which includes a section on child labor limitations/restrictions.

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