What did the Old Testament really teach about demons and spirits? Were they fallen angels, ghosts, or something else entirely?

In this final episode of our “Demons” series, Dr. Mark Chavalas explores what the Old Testament actually says—and doesn’t say—about demons. He traces the mysterious world of supernatural beings in the Old Testament—where wild desert creatures, shadowy spirits, and divine messengers blur the line between natural and spiritual.

This discussion challenges sanitized modern theology and reveals a world alive with unseen powers under God’s control. The episode closes with Psalm 91, showing how Israel’s worldview of pestilence, plague, and night terrors connects directly to their trust in God as the ultimate protector.

🔥 In This Episode:

➡️ Demons & their connection to the Old Testament

➡️ The mysterious “Lilith,” Azazel, and the scapegoat ritual in Leviticus 16

➡️ The Witch of Endor and Saul’s encounter with Samuel’s spirit

➡️ The lying spirit in Ahab’s court and what it reveals about God’s sovereignty

➡️ Psalm 91 and the real meaning of “the terror by night”

➡️ How Israel’s understanding of evil shaped early Christian theology

💬 Let’s Talk in the Comments:Which Old Testament passage about demons or spirits do you find most fascinating—or most difficult to understand?

🎥 Like, Subscribe & ShareIf you’ve enjoyed this series on demons in the Bible, make sure to subscribe for our next series as we return to Genesis and explore the unseen world through an ancient lens

.📚 Books & Texts MentionedEvil Demons — Mark Geller (ed.)

- The Devils and Evil Spirits of Babylonia — R. Campbell Thompson- “Demons in Mesopotamia and Israel” — John Walton

- Leviticus Commentary (Anchor Yale Bible) — Jacob Milgrom

- The First Ghost — Irving Finkel- Psalm 91 and the Demonic Menace — Gerrit Vreugdenhil (2020)

- The Unseen Realm — Michael S. HeiserBiblical Passages

Discussed:Leviticus 16 (Azazel)

· Isaiah 34:14 (Lilith)

· 1 Samuel 16 & 28 (Saul & Witch of Endor)

· 1 Kings 22 (Lying Spirit)

· Genesis 4:7 (Rabisu imagery)

· Psalm 91 (Demonic Menace)

· Job (Netherworld)

· Isaiah 10 (Assyria as rod of God)

· Genesis 6 (Nephilim)

· Ephesians 1–3 (Principalities & Powers)