Today, we are tackling the topic of swelling, a symptom I often encounter in horses.

Swelling, particularly in the udder or sheath, is usually accompanied by extremity swelling (peripheral edema) due to fluid pooling in the legs. Visible swelling is a common concern for horse owners. It is never a good sign, especially if it becomes chronic.

When I see fluid retention in horses, I think about the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system maintains the fluid balance between the blood and tissues, excreting toxins and supporting the immune system.

Many owners fail to recognize fluid retention in their horses, mistaking it for weight gain. But they usually realize it when they notice the swollen or puffy tissues. Once these horses get put on a proper metabolic program, the swelling reduces, and they lose significant weight.

Fluid retention in horses can be the result of various factors. Insulin resistance and metabolic issues are common, but owners should consider thyroid health, liver function, and lymphatic efficiency. Damaged capillaries due to advanced insulin resistance can cause fluid leakage, and protein deficiencies can also result in fluid buildup, presenting a pot-bellied or bloated appearance.

A big reason for fluid retention is a lack of movement. Horses must move as their lymphatic system relies on movement to function properly. Their hooves play a vital role in circulating blood and lymph, and when horses stand still for long periods, the fluid retention worsens. So movement is essential, whether through exercise or simply encouraging them to walk around in their environment.

Sugar content in a horse's diet, especially from grass, plays a significant role in fluid retention. Too much sugar leads to glycogen storage, which causes water retention. By controlling the sugar intake and increasing fiber, protein, and healthy fats, the swelling will reduce, and metabolic function will improve. However, diet alone will not solve the problem if the horse does not move enough.

If swelling persists despite addressing movement and sugar levels, it is worth exploring allergies or protein deficiencies. Sometimes, horses react to particular types of hay or even alfalfa, which may lead to inflammation and fluid retention. Ensuring a balanced protein intake is essential, as low protein can cause fluid to pool in the belly area.

Stress affects insulin and cortisol levels, potentially damaging capillaries and leading to fluid retention. Movement is a great way to reduce stress and improve circulation, and exercise is a critical factor in managing insulin resistance and overall health.

Once the diet and movement of the horse are optimized, supplements can help address any remaining fluid retention. Vitamin B6 is my go-to, as it helps reduce fluid retention by acting as a diuretic and improving kidney function. Magnesium can also be helpful, but B6 is usually the most effective supplement.

Fluid retention in horses is a common issue and often a sign of underlying problems like poor circulation, high blood sugar, or nutritional imbalances. Movement, diet, and stress management are the keys to addressing it, with supplements like B6 providing additional support if needed.

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