From Stone flakes to the Bow and Arrow. How Stone Age weapons innovation shaped humanity and triggered global extinction events. Three million years ago, we were semi-hairless apes hiding from lions. Today we're the apex predator of planet Earth.

This episode traces the entire weapons journey through Ancient History; sharp rocks, hand axes, spears, atlatls, and bows and arrows.

Learn how we became humans we know today as we outsourced biology to technology, trading muscle for tools, brute force for precision. We also changed socially as values of teamwork, trust and intelligence forged the mental models that would build civilization and transformed humanity forever.

Key takeaways:

• Technology and humans co-evolved - every tool invention was matched by physical, intellectual, and social updates
• Marginal advantages compound into existential differences over time - other hominids were wiped out as only sapiens remained
• Wisdom takes time to catch up with out power

Discover how ancient innovation patterns still shape the future of technology today.

ABOUT

How to Change the World is an independent podcast on a mission to document the entire history of innovation. One world-changing event at a time. In the process we are building out frameworks and mental models to think more coherently about global change.

Learn more - ChangeTheWorldPod.com

Written, edited, recorded, and produced entirely by Sam Webster Harris.

(He also makes the music...)

Help from:

Francisca Correia does the designs (available to hire)

Jeremy Enns is our incredible podcast mentor (available to hire)

BOOKS

The Human Story - Robin Dunbar

How humans evolved away from apes and developed tools.

Stone Tools in Human Evolution - John J. Shea

How our stone tools evolved over 3 millions years.

CHAPTERS

00:00 Magical Powers

02:10 Introduction to Stone Age Weapons

04:28 1 - THE OLDOWAN FLAKE (~3 MYA)

07:07 Evolution feedback loop

08:18 Human obsession with time saving

09:08 Status flexing

10:01 2 - ACHEULEAN HAND AXE (~1.7MYA)

10:55 Why did we care about beauty?

12:08 Status games

13:00 Brain growth and imagination

14:40 3 - SWEAT AND PERSISTENCE HUNTING (~1.5MYA)

17:59 4 - HAFTED SPEARS (~500,000BC)

20:52 Steps to make a Hafted Spear

22:24 Co evolution of shoulder throwing

23:37 Teamwork and language co-evolution

24:47 Leadership qualities

26:06 5 - ATLATL / SPEAR LAUNCHER (~100,000-50,000BC)

28:40 How an Atlatl works

30:12 Accuracy over strength

30:30 Timeline of Atlatl development

31:15 6 - BOW AND ARROW (~64,000BC)

33:06 How to make a bow and arrow

34:33 The First great invention?

35:50 Yes my sister shot the headmaster...

36:40 Hunting with archery

38:55 Evolution compared to Neanderthals

41:30 HUMANITY - THE GREAT FILTER

42:18 Australian Extinction event

43:34 Europe - Neanderthal Extinction

44:46 The Conquest of America - Pleistocene Blitzkrieg

46:11 The Rise of Human Conflict

47:58 MODERN LESSONS AND FUTURE WEAPONS

49:07 Algorithms

51:58 Supply Chains

52:55 Cognitive Warfare

54:13 Teamwork

56:02 ROUNDUP

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