Research specific to the effects, either short or long term, of adopting a paleo diet is pretty sparse. There have been a few preliminary studies - a properly maintained, carefully observed paleolithic diet has shown some potential to decrease liver fat, help type 2 diabetics regulate blood sugar, improve cholesterol levels, even lower blood pressure.

Links:

• Hyena-laugh.mp3 at Orange Free Sounds
• Scientists discover seaweed that tastes like bacon
• Quaternary Extinction Event - Wikipedia
• History of agriculture - Wikipedia
• Hunter-gatherer - Wikipedia
• Homo - Wikipedia
• Reddit: Newbies: Paleo
• Relationship between bread and obesity. - PubMed - NCBI
• Legume - Wikipedia
• A Soy-Free Diet Means Reading Beyond The Label
• Lactose Intolerance | MedlinePlus
• Lactose intolerance - Wikipedia
• More Cowbell - Wikipedia
• Watch More Cowbell From Saturday Night Live - NBC.com
• Effects of Dairy Products Consumption on Health: Benefits and Beliefs—A Commentary from the Belgian Bone Club and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases
• Milk and dairy products: good or bad for human health? An assessment of the totality of scientific evidence
• Oils | National Institute on Aging
• Flaxseed and Flaxseed Oil | NCCIH
• NIH study shows no benefit of omega-3 or other nutritional supplements for cognitive decline | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
• Olive oil and cardiovascular health. - PubMed - NCBI
• Palm oil and the heart: A review. - PubMed - NCBI
• The Beverly Hillbillies - Wikipedia
• Paleolithic nutrition: twenty-five years later. - PubMed - NCBI
• Paleolithic diet - Wikipedia
• corn-fedgrass-fedbeef.pdf
• King Corn | The Peabody-winning documentary from Mosaic Films Incorporated
• Cattle feeding - Wikipedia
• Poultry feed - Wikipedia
• Entomophagy - Wikipedia
• Edible insects: Is this the future of food? - CNN.com
• The Nutrition Values of Edible Bugs & Insects | Healthy Eating | SF Gate
• Offal - Wikipedia
• Beef, variety meats and by-products, liver, cooked, braised Nutrition Facts & Calories
• Beef, variety meats and by-products, kidneys, raw Nutrition Facts & Calories
• Beef, variety meats and by-products, heart, raw Nutrition Facts & Calories
• Purine-rich foods intake and recurrent gout attacks
• Site Maintenance Page
• Carbohydrates and Fiber - Recommended Dietary Allowances - NCBI Bookshelf
• Watch Colon Blow From Saturday Night Live - NBC.com
• Six Reasons I Don't Eat Nuts - Paleo for Women
• Are Nuts And Seeds Healthy? | Paleo Leap
• Almond - Wikipedia
• Almond - Wikipedia
• Macadamia - Wikipedia
• Pistachio - Wikipedia
• Pistachio - Wikipedia
• Walnut - Wikipedia
• Walnut - Wikipedia
• Is the paleo diet safe?
• 5 Hidden Dangers of the Paleo Diet | Walden Behavioral Care
• Popular ‘caveman’ Paleo diet is labelled as dangerous by health experts – The Sun
• Atkins diet - Wikipedia
• Ketosis - Wikipedia
• Caffeine - Wikipedia

One common misconception is that gluten is only found in wheat, but in fact it’s also present in barley and rye. A very wide variety of products contain gluten. Most folks know to expect gluten in baked goods like crackers, cookies, breads, and cakes - but it's also in beer.

Links:

• A Balance of Gliadin and Glutenin
• Gluten - Wikipedia
• The structure and properties of gluten
• Gluten: Chemistry and Sources in Food
• Gluten-mania: Dispelling the myths
• What is gluten?
• A Word on Gluten and Beer - Celiac.com
• 17 Surprising Sources of Gluten
• Application of wheat gluten in non-food industry
• Pimento loaf - Wikipedia
• Myth: Cold Cuts Contain Gluten Because...
• Food intolerance - Wikipedia
• Allergy - Wikipedia
• Food allergy vs. food intolerance: What's the difference?
• Autoimmune disease - Wikipedia
• Autoimmune Disease: Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis
• What is Celiac Disease? - Celiac Disease Foundation
• Research Connects Allergies & Autoimmune
• Celiac Disease | NIDDK
• 341_CDCFactSheets8_FactsFigures.pdf
• Coeliac disease - Wikipedia
• Gluten - National Institutes of Health Search Results
• Non-celiac gluten sensitivity - Wikipedia
• Gluten-related disorders - Wikipedia
• Digestive enzyme - Wikipedia
• Gluten-Free Diet Can Be Unhealthy
• Celiac Disease Symptoms Checklist - BeyondCeliac.org
• University of Chicago Medicine Celiac Disease Center
• Finding A Cure For Celiac Disease
• Nima Starter Kit – Nima, the portable gluten sensor
• Off The Menu: Nima aids those requiring a gluten-free meal | masslive.com
• Hands-on with the Nima smart gluten tester - Reviewed.com
• Scurvy - Wikipedia
• Lead poisoning - Wikipedia
• History of agriculture - Wikipedia

'Artisanal' generally refers to an item being made in a non-mechanized way - essentially ‘hand-made.” Most medical equipment is mass-produced, fabricated in large factories, engineered to very specific tolerances to produce precise, consistent results - but not everything needs to be as finely tuned as an MRI Scanner...

Links:

• Hipster (contemporary subculture) - Wikipedia
• Portlandia - In the restaurant - YouTube
• Local food - Wikipedia
• Artisan - Wikipedia
• Medical diagnostics: A cardboard centrifuge separates blood cells from plasma | The Economist
• Nature Biomedical Engineering
• Hand-powered ultralow-cost paper centrifuge : Nature Biomedical Engineering
• Premiere XC-2450, Bench-Top Centrifuge, 1000 to 4000 RPM: Amazon.com: Industrial & Scientific
• Foldscope - Wikipedia
• Foldscope - The Origami Paper Microscope by Foldscope - Manu Prakash & Jim Cybulski — Kickstarter
• LifeStraw - We make contaminated water safe to drink.
• LifeStraw - Wikipedia
• How Long Can a Person Survive Without Water?
• Water Quality and Health Council - Drinking Water Chlorination, Water Disinfection, and Safe Water
• E.coli (Escherichia coli)| E.coli | CDC
• WHO | Drinking-water
• NeoNurture's Baby Incubator Is Made Out of Car Parts - The New York Times
• NeoNurture — Design that Matters
• Sanitary napkin - Wikipedia
• Banana leaf sanitary towels keep poor rural girls in school
• Empowering Women, Developing Society: Female Education in the Middle East and North Africa
• Girls' education and gender equality | Education | UNICEF
• Kenyan girls could solve sanitary problem with banana-fibre pad | Moraa Obiria, Nairobi | Global development | The Guardian
• Sanitary Pads Made From Bananas Revolutionize Menstrual Hygiene
• Saathi Biodegradable Pads
• Technology Gadgets Diy Homemade Featured Instructables
• Connected Women | Mobile for Development
• Uganda’s ICT Innovations are now replicable – Stories of UNICEF Innovation
• CTA - Blog
• Test Your Blood with the Screen of a Cellphone
• Bili lights: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

There are a fair number of theories about how the process of fermentation was discovered and introduced. One theory suggests the Neolithic age as a likely origin, about 7000 years ago. We'll explore the health benefits and health risks of fermented foods.

Links:

• Fermentation in food processing - Wikipedia
• For Fruit Flies, Alcohol Really Is Mommy's Little Helper : The Salt : NPR
• Your Beer Attracts Fruit Flies on Purpose | WIRED
• "Drunk" Bats Fly Right--Discovery Surprises Scientists
• Drinking and Flying: Does Alcohol Consumption Affect the Flight and Echolocation Performance of Phyllostomid Bats?
• Drunk Bats Manage To Pass Sobriety Tests
• Wild medicine | Science News for Students
• Beer - Wikipedia
• History of beer - Wikipedia
• Brewing - Wikipedia
• History of bread - Wikipedia
• Bread - Wikipedia
• Agriculture - Wikipedia
• History of agriculture - Wikipedia
• How Beer Gave Us Civilization - The New York Times
• What Was Brewing in the Natufian? An Archaeological Assessment of Brewing Technology in the Epipaleolithic | SpringerLink
• Beer and wheat may have helped humans create civilizations - Business Insider
• Probiotic - Wikipedia
• Probiotics: In Depth | NCCIH
• Are probiotics and prebiotics important for health? - Mayo Clinic
• Yogurt - Wikipedia
• The complete history of yogurt-making - Yogurt in Nutrition
• Cheese - Wikipedia
• Escherichia coli - Wikipedia
• Botulism - Wikipedia
• Foodborne illness - Wikipedia
• History & Future - Know how vinegar came into existence
• Vinegar - Wikipedia
• Pickling - Wikipedia
• Vinegar: Medicinal Uses and Antiglycemic Effect
• Mustard (condiment) - Wikipedia
• Ketchup - Wikipedia
• Sauerkraut - Wikipedia
• Reuben sandwich - Wikipedia
• Corned beef - Wikipedia
• Fermentation in food processing - Wikipedia
• Everything you always wanted to know about fermented foods  – Science-Based Medicine
• Vinegar tasters - Wikipedia
• vinegartasters.jpg (JPEG Image, 274 × 328 pixels)

Most of the ‘future in medicine’ shows out there are about research and development projects that are amazing everyone with their results… but while human trials seem ‘right around the corner’, none of these miracles never actually show up on the menu at my doctor’s office.

Links:

• Futurama - Wikipedia
• U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA): Drug & Device Regulation
• FDA Basics > When and why was FDA formed?
• History of FDA | ISPE
• Creeping Indigo
• Drug Information Portal
• Medicines for Nausea
• Humans Carry More Bacterial Cells than Human Ones - Scientific American
• Gut Bacteria and the Immune System
• Fecal microbiota transplant - Wikipedia
• Fecal Transplantation (Bacteriotherapy) | Johns Hopkins
• Irritable bowel syndrome - Wikipedia
• Is Fecal Transplant for You? | The Power of Poop
• FastStats - Leading Causes of Death
• Google Station will provide fast Wi-Fi everywhere
• IBM’s Watson gives proper diagnosis after doctors were stumped - NY Daily News
• JAMA study: Doctors beat symptom-checker apps in diagnostic accuracy | MobiHealthNews
• House (TV series) - Wikipedia
• Japan developing carebots for elderly care - Business Insider
• Firefly (TV series) - Wikipedia

The processes that the body has to take to break down and absorb even the most mundane or common items are astonishing; add to basic digestion the additional systems brought into play when taking a medication and you end up with a mind boggling series of bodily functions to understand.

Links:

• Human digestive system - Wikipedia
• The evolution of the human head | Harvard Magazine
• Eating Meat Made Us Human
• How cooking made us human | Harvard Magazine
• Taste receptors in the gastrointestinal system
• Taste receptor - Wikipedia
• Your Appendix is Useful After All
• Biofilms in the large bowel suggest...
• Buckyballs- Amazing magnetic balls
• Why Your Poop Burns after Eating Spicy Foods | Men's Health
• 9 Possible Causes Behide Burning Sensation in Anus | New Health Advisor

The average viewer picks up a lot of important information when they’re watching a medical show - every week, the shows need new sick people to treat, and these people have diseases, and seeing doctors discuss and treat health problems on-screen demystifies a lot of illnesses, and they seem less unknown and scary.

Links:

• List of Medical TV programs - Wikipedia
• Doogie Howser, M.D. - Wikipedia
• City Hospital (U.S. TV series) - Wikipedia
• Allan Quatermain and the Lost City of Gold (1986) - IMDb
• Richard Chamberlain - IMDb
• Dr. Kildare - Wikipedia
• President Lyndon B. Johnson - Wikipedia
• American Medical Association | AMA
• CDC - Malaria - Protective Effect of Sickle Cell
• NIH - Sickle Cell Anaemia and Malaria
• Malaria Resistance and Sickle Cell Trait - MicrobeWiki
• “Man. Woman. Birth. Death. Infinity.” Ben Casey
• Home Birth - Wikipedia
• C-sections in recent decades | Harvard Magazine
• Home birth: Know the pros and cons - Mayo Clinic
• 7 Facts About Home Births
• Marcus Welby, M.D. - Wikipedia
• Dysautonomia - Medical News Today
• Gay Activists Alliance - Wikipedia
• State Policies on Sex Education in Schools
• For More Children, Puberty Signs Start at 8 - WSJ
• Paramedic - Wikipedia
• 11.22.63 - Wikipedia
• Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation - Wikipedia
• The Big Sleep | The Economist
• Induced Hypothermia - Newsweek
• M*A*S*H (TV series) - Wikipedia
• Mobile Army Surgical Hospital (US) - Wikipedia
• The Red Badge of Courage - Wikipedia
• Quincy, M.E. - Wikipedia
• Bones (TV series) - Wikipedia
• Orphanet: About Orphan Drugs
• Orphan Drug - Wikipedia
• Northern Exposure - Wikipedia
• Scrubs (TV series) - Wikipedia
• Health Care in the Time of Grey's Anatomy - The Atlantic
• House (TV series) - Wikipedia
• Star Trek - Wikipedia

Acupuncture is still gaining momentum here in the United States, so today’s episode might help people who are a little nervous about booking their first appointment with an acupuncture physician.

Links:

• Find a Certified Practitioner
• Origin Clinics – Acupuncture and Integrative Medicine
• A quantitative system for pulse diagnosis...
• Interobserver Reliability of Pulse Diagnosis...
• Repeatability of Pulse Diagnosis and Body Constitution...
• Validation of a Novel Traditional Chinese Medicine Pulse...
• Big Trouble in Little China - Wikipedia

Electronic Cigarettes! The idea seems to have started as another way to help people stop smoking, since it’s easier to adjust the amount of nicotine very precisely, and wean yourself from your cravings over a period of time. But there's a lot more to vaping than meets the eye...

Links:

• A Beginners Guide To Vaping - YouTube
• Vaping 101 for Beginners : What is Vaping? - YouTube
• Vaping Progression : Vape Gear - YouTube
• What We Don't Know about E-Cigs - YouTube
• Harmful Effects of nicotine
• Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents in Tobacco
• E-Cigarettes: MedlinePlus
• Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics - Wikipedia
• Carbohydrate - Wikipedia
• Glycerol - Wikipedia
• E-Cigs and Diabetes - Vaping and Effect on Blood Glucose
• Electronic cigarettes - Mayo Clinic
• “Eat your spinach” chocolate chip cookies | superfoodmama
• Moog Synthesizer - Wikipedia

SUGAR WILL KILL YOU! Not really. But MAYBE! No no... ALTHOUGH!! Okay... look, it's complicated. You're just going to have to listen to the episode.

Links:

• Diabetes - NIDDK
• Diabetes - Wikipedia
• Pancreas - Wikipedia
• American Diabetes Association®