The Supreme Court vacated and remanded the Second Circuit's decision, ruling that the appeals court failed to properly analyze whether New York's interest-on-escrow law is preempted as applied to national banks in a manner consistent with the Dodd-Frank Act and the Barnett Bank precedent. The Court clarified that under Dodd-Frank, state laws are preempted "only if" they "prevent or significantly interfere with" national bank powers, as determined by the standard in Barnett Bank.