Summary of Maui's Role in Hawaiian Mythology
* Maui is a significant figure in Hawaiian mythology, typically portrayed as a **trickster** and a **kupua** (a being with supernatural powers who can shapeshift).
* While a key figure in Polynesian mythology, the accounts of Maui's deeds in Hawaii are fragmented and localized to specific islands, especially **East Maui, West Maui, Kauai, Oahu, and Hawaii**.
Maui's Origins and Family
* **Maui's parentage varies across different accounts.** Some stories identify him as the son of **Hina and Akalana,** while others name different mothers, such as **Hina-lau-ae** or a woman who conceived him by wearing a **loincloth** found on the beach.
* The **Kumulipo chant**, a significant genealogical and cosmological text in Hawaiian tradition, connects Maui directly to **Wakea** on the Ulu line, a prominent lineage of chiefs. This connection is noteworthy because Wakea and Papa are considered **ancestors of the Hawaiian people**, although not necessarily as literal Sky and Earth deities.
Maui's Exploits
* The sources provide accounts of several of Maui's exploits, including:
* **Pushing up the heavens** to provide more space for humans.
* **Obtaining fire** from his grandmother, a sorceress, or from the **alae bird**, associated with Pele, the goddess of fire and volcanoes. This act suggests Maui's mastery over sorcery and his role in bringing essential elements to humanity.
* **Fishing up islands** using his magical fishhook, **Manai-a-ka-lani**, also known as "Come-here-from-the-heavens". This act highlights Maui's strength and connection to the creation of the Hawaiian islands.
* **Snaring the sun** to slow its journey across the sky, lengthening the days in summer and shortening them in winter.
* **Rescuing his mother from a water monster**, his wife from a bat god (Pe‘ape‘a), and himself with the help of an owl-child. These acts demonstrate Maui's protectiveness and resourcefulness.
Maui's Death
* Even Maui, the trickster demigod, met his end. Accounts vary, but he was killed either by **being sacrificed** at Moali‘i, by having his **brains dashed out** for his mischief at the home of Kane and Kanaloa, or by **enemies** while attempting to bury his brother's body in the heavens.
Maui's Significance in Hawaiian Culture
* Maui's stories are **localized**, meaning specific places in the Hawaiian islands are associated with events in his life. This localization connects mythical narratives to the physical landscape, creating a tangible link between myth and reality.
* The **motives** behind Maui's actions often involve bringing benefits to humanity, such as providing fire, lengthening the days, and creating islands. He is portrayed as a **benefactor** as well as a trickster.
* Maui's character embodies the Hawaiian concept of **mana**, a spiritual power inherent in all things. His ability to shapeshift, control the elements, and perform extraordinary feats reflects his potent mana.
* Despite his mischievous nature, Maui is a revered figure in Hawaiian culture, celebrated for his **strength, cunning, and contributions** to the world.
Comparisons with Other Polynesian Traditions
* The sources highlight the importance of comparing Hawaiian stories with those from other Polynesian groups to understand potential **migration patterns** and **shared cultural elements**.
* For instance, similarities between Hawaiian and Tuamotuan versions of the Maui cycle are discussed, particularly the **snaring of the sun, fishing up islands, and the battle with the eight-eyed bat**. These parallels suggest cultural exchange or common origins.
* Comparisons with myths from other Polynesian groups, like the Rarotongan legend of Iro, provide insight into the broader context of the **kava strife** episode from the Kumulipo.
