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Asthma and COPD are common chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases that place a high burden on the healthcare system and those affected. In this episode, Claire takes us through the treatment regiments commonly used to lighten the morbidity associated with these conditions.
Content covered:
- B2 antagonists
- Muscarinic antagonists
- Inhaled corticosteroids and systemic steroids
- Montelukast
- PDE4 inhibitors
- Antitussives and mucolytics
- Biological treatments
- Key principles of oxygen treatment in patients with chronic hypercapnia
CORRECTION: Percussing over a puffed out cheek gives a 'tympanic sound', which correlates to air. The 'hyper-resonant' sound you find in emphysema, correlates to mostly air. Slight difference.
We are back from holiday! Take a deep breath as the lads explore obstructive pulmonary diseases, focusing on the relevant pathological findings and clinical presentations associated with each.
The legendary Claire is back to help the boys make sense of the drug treatments clinicians should prescribe for the various pathologies that can affect the cardiovascular system.
Things covered include:
- Treatment of acute coronary syndromes and post MI treatment
- Antiarrhythmics
- Anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy
- Diuretics and antihypertensives
- Lipid lowering therapies
- Digoxin!
[Correction]: In an MI (or other ischaemic heart disease), the zone of necrosis spreads from the subendocardium outwards towards and through the myocardium.
Silent, but violent (not referencing Shaun's farts), hypertension is a key factor in the development of many pathologies affecting not only the cardiovascular system, but other organs such as the kidneys and brain. In this episode, Norm and Terence are joined by Jarrod as they discuss what hypertension is, why it can be bad and what it could result in.
Content covered in this episode includes:
- Causes and risk factors associated with hypertension
- Sequelae of chronic hypertension
- Hypertension and pregnancy
- Malignant hypertension
- RAAS system
"Atheroscrulosis"? "Atheroscilosis"?
The boys are joined by legend Ben Earner to discuss how the skin reacts to different offenders, but how it can also be prone to various autoimmune conditions.
Inflammatory skin conditions can be a source of immense discomfort and distress, affecting millions of people worldwide. In this episode we explore some of the most common inflammatory skin conditions including eczema, psoriasis, infections, and dermatitis.
In this episode, we dive into the world of benign and malignant skin lesions, including the most dangerous of all, melanoma. Learn about the diverse clinical presentations and histology features for these conditions, and gain a deeper understanding of how to differentiate benign and malignant lesions.
Content covered in this episode:
- Macroscopic and microscopic differences between benign and malignant skin lesions differences
- Disorders of pigmentation including vitiligo, melasma, naevi, etc
- Melanoma: phases of growth and different presentations
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Keratoacanthoma
[We forgot to mention that the stratum granulosum is the last layer of nucleated cells located deep to the stratum corneum/lucidum]
Norm, Terence and Shaun start the systems component of MD1, looking at our body's largest organ and how it works!
The skin is more than just a protective outer layer of our body. It is a complex organ with a myriad of functions, including regulating body temperature, protecting against pathogens, and providing sensory information. In this episode, we explore the fascinating anatomy physiology of the skin, laying the foundational knowledge required to understand pathologies associated with skin.
Content covered in this episode:
- Layers of the epidermis and what cells are found within each
- Layers of the dermis and what's found in each
- Subcutaneous tissue
- How your skin works to keep you warm/cool
- What happens to your skin during a sympathetic response
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