1. Weiser JN, Ferreira DM, Paton JC. Streptococcus pneumoniae: transmission, colonization and invasion. Nat Rev Microbiol 2018; 16:355.
2. Perin J, Mulick A, Yeung D, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000-19: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2022; 6:106.
3. World Health Organization. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in infants and children under 5 years of age: WHO position paper – February 2019. https://www.who.int/immunization/policy/position_papers/pneumococcus/en/ (Accessed on September 08, 2020). 
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pneumococcal Disease Surveillance and Trends. https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/php/surveillance 
5. Baxter R, Aukes L, Pelton SI, et al. Impact of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease After Introduction Into Routine Pediatric Use. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2021; 10:141.
6. Tseng HF, Sy LS, Liu IL, et al. Postlicensure surveillance for pre-specified adverse events following the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children. Vaccine 2013; 31:2578.
7. Orenstein W, Offit PA, Edwards KM and Plotkin SA. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and pneumococcal common protein vaccines, in Vaccines, 8th Edition, 2024, 826-868. 
8. The complexity of serotype replacement of pneumococci Human Vaccine Immunotherapy. 2019 Jun 13;15(11):2725–2728 
9. https://www.nvic.org/disease-vaccine/pneumococcal/vaccine-history
10. https://www.bradspellberg.com/vaccine-rcts?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email

Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1

Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/

Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/

1. https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/poop-chart-bristol-stool-scale
2. Pashankar DS, Loening-Baucke V, Bishop WP. Safety of Polyethylene Glycol 3350 for the Treatment of Chronic Constipation in Children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157(7):661–664. doi:10.1001/archpedi.157.7.661 
3. Annuals of Pharmacotherapy. 2004 Apr;38(4):686-93. 
4. Loening-Baucke V, Pashankar DS. A randomized, prospective, comparison study of polyethylene glycol 3350 without electrolytes and milk of magnesia for children with constipation and fecal incontinence. Pediatrics. 2006 Aug;118(2):528-35.  
5. Pashankar DS, Loening-Baucke V, Bishop WP. Safety of polyethylene glycol 3350 for the treatment of chronic constipation in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003 Jul;157(7):661-4.  
6. Koppen IJ, Lammers LA, Benninga MA, Tabbers MM. Management of Functional Constipation in Children: Therapy in Practice. Paediatr Drugs. 2015 Oct;17(5):349-60.  
7. Gordon M, Naidoo K, Akobeng AK, Thomas AG. Cochrane Review: Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (Review). Evid Based Child Health. 2013 Jan;8(1):57-109.  
8. Kappelman MD, Moore KR, Allen JK, Cook SF. Recent trends in the prevalence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in a commercially insured US population. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:519.
9. Schmulson MJ, Drossman DA. What Is New in Rome IV. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 23:151.
10. Hyams JS, Di Lorenzo C, Saps M, et al. Functional Disorders: Children and Adolescents. Gastroenterology 2016.
11. Rexwinkel R, Vlieger AM, Saps M, et al. A therapeutic guide on pediatric irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:2603.
12. Martin AE, Newlove-Delgado TV, Abbott RA, et al. Pharmacological interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 3:CD010973.
13. Newlove-Delgado TV, Martin AE, Abbott RA, et al. Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 3:CD010972.
14. Stróżyk A, Horvath A, Szajewska H. FODMAP dietary restrictions in the management of children with functional abdominal pain disorders: A systematic review. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14345.
15. van Rheenen PF, Aloi M, Assa A, et al. The Medical Management of Paediatric Crohn's Disease: an ECCO-ESPGHAN Guideline Update. J Crohns Colitis 2020.
16. Stenke E, Hussey S. Ulcerative colitis: management in adults, children and young people (NICE Clinical Guideline CG166). Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2014; 99:194.

17)https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/930146-overview#a4

18) https://www.paediatricpearls.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/bristol-stool-chart.png

Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1

Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/

Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-rotavirus-infection/abstr...

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-rotavirus-infection/abstr...

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/rotavirus-vaccines-for-infants/abstract/100 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/rotavirus-vaccines-for-infants/abstract/132 https://www.healthline.com/health/rotavirus-death-rate https://www.healthline.com/health/rotavirus-death-rate

https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2022/what-vaers-is-and-isnt https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety-systems/vsd/index.html

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety-systems/hcp/cisa/index.html

Patel MM, Haber P, Baggs J, Zuber P, Bines JE, Parashar UD. Intussusception and rotavirus vaccination: a review of the available evidence. Expert Rev Vaccines, 2009 : 8(11), 1555-1564. Gargano JW, Wallace M, Hadler SC, et al. Use of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine After Reports of Myocarditis Among Vaccine Recipients: Update from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, June 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021;70:977–982.

Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1

Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/

Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/

Episode notes:

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-routine-management-of-the-healthy-newborn-infant/a...

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-routine-management-of-the-healthy-newborn-infant/a...

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-routine-management-of-the-healthy-newborn-infant/a...

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-febrile-neonate-28-days-of-age-or-younger-outpatient-evaluatio...

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-febrile-neonate-28-days-of-age-or-younger-outpatient-evaluatio...

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-vitamin-k/abstract/21

https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/154/2/e2024067605/198022/Identification-and-Manageme...

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-routine-management-of-the-healthy-newborn-infant/p...

Newborn Screening: Towards a Uniform Screening Panel and System. Genetic Med. 2006; 8(5) Suppl: S12-S252

Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1

Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/

Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/

Xu J, Liu S, Liu Q, Rong R, Tang W, Wang Q, Kuang S, Zhou C. The effectiveness and safety of pertussis booster vaccination for adolescents and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Apr;98(16):e15281 

Shi, T., Wang, L., Du, S. et al. Mortality risk factors among hospitalized children with severe pertussis. BMC Infect Dis 21, 1057 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06732-1 

Yeung KHT, Duclos P, Nelson EAS, Hutubessy RCW. An update of the global burden of pertussis in children younger than 5 years: a modelling study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17(9):974–80.

https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/php/surveillance/index.html#:~:text=Recent%20trends,and%20implementing%20appropriate%20control%20strategies. 
 

Truelove SA, Keegan LT, Moss WJ, Chaisson LH, Macher E, Azman AS, Lessler J. Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of Diphtheria: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jun 24;71(1):89-97. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz808. PMID: 31425581; PMCID: PMC7312233. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31425581/

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tetanus 
 

https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/Whooping-Cough.aspx 
 

https://www.aap.org/en/news-room/fact-checked/fact-checked-dtap-vaccine-stops-spread-of-whooping-cough/?_gl=1*1r6shhm*_ga*MTE1MjI5Nzk0OS4xNjMwODcwNzM1*_ga_FD9D3XZVQQ*czE3NDcwMDk5OTEkbzcwJGcxJHQxNzQ3MDExODk4JGowJGwwJGgw

https://downloads.aap.org/AAP/PDF/5ChildhoodGuide_DTaP_Clinician.pdf 
 

https://publications.aap.org/redbook/book/755/chapter/14080319/Pertussis-Whooping-Cough 
 

https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/Pages/Vaccine-Ingredients-Frequently-Asked-Questions.aspx

Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1

Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/

Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/selection-of-sunscreen-and-sun-protective-measures/abstract/19

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/selection-of-sunscreen-and-sun-protective-measures/abstract/9 

https://www.healthychildren.org

https://doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2001.117385 

Rogers HW, Weinstock MA, Feldman SR, Coldiron BM. Incidence estimate of nonmelanoma skin cancer (keratinocyte carcinomas) in the US population, 2012. JAMA Dermatol 2015; 151(10):1081-1086. 

https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2025/2025-cancer-facts-and-figures-acs.pdf 

Stern, RS. Prevalence of a history of skin cancer in 2007: results of an incidence-based model. Arch Dermatol 2010; 146(3):279-282.

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-of-arthropod-and-insect-bites-repellents-and-other-measures/abstract/4

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-of-arthropod-and-insect-bites-repellents-and-other-measures/abstract/13

 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-of-arthropod-and-insect-bites-repellents-and-other-measures/abstract/9

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/allergic-reactions-to-mosquito-bites/abstract/18 

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-of-a-tick-bite-for-possible-lyme-disease/abstract/11 

https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/removing_a_tick.html 

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/drowning-submersion-injuries/abstract/12 

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/poison-ivy-toxicodendron-dermatitis/abstract/2

Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1

Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/

Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/

1) https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/history-disease-outbreaks-vaccine-timeline/polio

2) https://medicine.yale.edu/news/yale-medicine-magazine/article/breaking-the-back-of-polio/

3) Neurohospitalist 2014 Oct;4(4):223–229. doi: 10.1177/1941874414533352 polio  history and epidemology, Clinical manifestations of polio

3) https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(23)00781-8/abstract. Switch to OPV 2 strain vaccine

4) https://ourworldindata.org/polio

5) https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(20)32552-2/pdf Vaccine refusal rate in Pakistan 

6) https://data.cdc.gov/Vaccinations/Vaccination-Coverage-and-Exemptions-among-Kinderga/ijqb-a7ye/about_data

7)https://www.verywellhealth.com/important-facts-about-polio-4588579

8) Small Steps –The Year I Got Polio by Peg Kehret

Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1

Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/

Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/

Hours of sleep recommendations

 1) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27707447/

SIDS prevention articles

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2824101 rates of SIDS before and after covid 19 pandemic

https://www.jwatch.org/pa201204250000001/2012/04/25/how-risk-factors-sids-have-changed-back-sleep Change in risk factors since Back to Sleep campaign was launched

Cureus 2023 Jun 17;15(6):e40572. doi: 10.7759/cureus.40572. eCollection 2023 Jun. SIDS risk factors and newer strategies to decrease risk

https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/150/1/e2022057990/188304/Sleep-Related-Infant-Deaths-Updated-2022?autologincheck=redirected

SIDS prevention updated guidelines 2022

Circadian rhythm in kids

1) J Sleep Res. 2015;24(5):510. Epub 2015 Feb 14.  sleep disturbance affects academic performance

2) Child Adolesc Psychiatry Clin N Am. 2009 Oct;18(4):813-23.  sleep disturbances affects performance and mood

3)Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):10235. Epub 2022 Jun 17.  increased discrepancy between weekday and weekend sleep causes more mood disruptions

4) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27775095/- Sci Rep. 2016 Oct 24:6:35812.

doi: 10.1038/srep35812. Estimate of sleep debt recovery

5) Crowley SJ, Acebo C, Carskadon MA. Sleep, circadian rhythms, and delayed phase in

 adolescence. Sleep Med. 2007;8:602–12. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2006.12.002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

OSAS:  https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/130/3/576/30284/Diagnosis-and-Management-of-Childhood-Obstructive?autologincheck=redirected

Night waking

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.01.009. Normal for infants to wake at night

https://www.sleepfoundation.org/baby-sleep/sleep-training- discusses different methods to help with night waking 

Parasomnias

Singh, S., Kaur, H., Singh, S., & Khawaja, I. (2018). Parasomnias: A comprehensive review. Cureus, 10(12), e3807.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30868021/

Morse, A. M., & Kotagal, S. (2023, October 13). Parasomnias of childhood, including sleepwalking. UpToDate.

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/parasomnias-of-childhood-including-sleepwalking

Dyssomnias

1.American Psychiatric Association. What Are Sleep Disorders? Last updated 8/2020. Accessed 6/19/2023

2. Guilleminault C, Akhtar F. Pediatric sleep-disordered breathing: New evidence on its development. Sleep Med Rev. 2015 Dec. 24:46-56

3. Thorpy MJ, Krieger AC. Delayed diagnosis of narcolepsy: characterization and impact. Sleep Med. 2014 May. 15 (5):502-7

4. Sleep Med. 2024;119:222. Epub 2024 Apr 20.  Melatonin use in managing insomnia in children with autism and other neurogenetic disorders - An assessment by the international pediatric sleep association (IPSA).

Cultural differences in sleep 

Sleep Med. 2010 Apr;11(4):393-9. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2009.11.011. Parental behaviors and sleep outcomes in infants and toddlers: a cross-cultural comparison.

Sleep training: Healthy Sleep Habits, Happy Child, 5th Edition: A New Step-by-Step Guide for a Good Night's Sleep Paperback – August 24, 2021 by  Marc Weissbluth M.D.  (Author)

Sleeping Through the Night, Revised Edition - by Jodi A Mindell, PHD : all ages

Take Charge of Your Child's Sleep: The All-in-One Resource for Solving Sleep Problems in Kids and Teens Paperback – October 10, 2005 by  Judith A. Owens, MD(Author), Jodi A. Mindell, PHD(Author)

Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1

Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/

Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/

Medical Data: 

How Contagious is Measles?

History of Measles

History of Vaccines

Measles Myths

The Spread of Measles

Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1

Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/

Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/

From bike helmets to vaccines, snack foods to car seats—are kids actually healthier now than they were a few decades ago? In this episode, Joanne and Corinda take a fun and fascinating dive into how childhood health has changed over the years.

Is today’s food better or worse for growing kids? And do modern safety measures actually make a difference? We’re breaking it all down, separating fact from nostalgia, and answering the big question: Are kids really healthier now?

Join us for an insightful, slightly nostalgic, and definitely entertaining conversation!

Medical Data:

Comparison of 20th Century Annual Morbidity and Current Morbidity Slide 1

Comparison of 20th Century Annual Morbidity and Current Morbidity Slide 2

Vaccines have saved over 150 million children over the last 50 years

Bacteremia in Children 3 to 36 months old after introduction of conjugated pneumococcal vaccines

Under 5 mortality rate

Overview of Hospital Stays Among Children

Global immunization efforts have saved at least 154 million lives over the past 50 years

Rotavirus vaccines recommendations

Effectiveness of belt positioning booster seats: an updated assessment

Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to increase use of child safety seats

Child passenger safety.

Pediatric bicycle-related head injuries: a population-based study in a county without a helmet law

Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1

Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/

Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/