Housekeeping:

* Although I said that I am going back to the basics, I haven’t done all of the podcasts ahead of time, so if there is a basic item you want me to consider in this mini-series, I will consider your input.  Just email me.

* There has recently been a board added to Top Survival Forum where you can discuss Prepper Podcast Episodes.  Check out the Prepping Forum.

* Don’t forget to give me a review at theprepperpodcast.com/itunes and you could win a consulting call with me. (You must email me with subject: Podcast Review so I can contact you… This includes any past or new reviews if you want to be able to win.)

* Last weeks winner is twinkletwinkletoes

News in 2 Minutes with J. Bradbury of PreparePDX.com

Topic: 

Getting Started in Prepping P1: An introduction to the basic steps of preparing

Why should we prepare ourselves?

One word: DISASTERS.

Natural Disasters

Storms, Tornados, Hurricanes floods, Fires

Human Disasters

Fights, Mugging, Burglarly, War, Nuclear

Your personal The End of the World as We Know It (TEOTWAWKI)

Job Loss, Family Death, EMPs, Nuclear Attack, Economic distress, Viral Outbreaks, Volcanic Eruption, Celestial Impact

Prepping doesn’t have to be expensive.  The most important steps are free!

You will notice as we go through many of these steps in the beginning stages of prepping, you don’t have to spend money.  You just have to use your brain a lot and spend TIME to do so.

Follow these Simple Steps, and You Will Be Solid in Your Prepping Journey?

Step 1: Join a Community

You can learn from others, or teach others

Try out a Survival Forum.  You can join Top Survival Forum.

Step 2: Make List and Lists of Lists.  When you think you are finished, make more lists.

 

All of the steps are important but this is most.

List are your roadmaps.

Stop and assess the situation.

Lists Such As:

*       Survival Needs (Your basic needs)

*       Food Log (watch what you eat)

*       Water Resources (What is available, what COULD be available)

*       Disaster Lists

*       Every Day Carry List (EDC List)

*       Lights Out Kit List, Black Out Kit List, or Storm Kit List

*       Emergency Action Plan (Steps you will take in an emergency)

*       Bug out List (early BOB list and BOL list)

*       Medical First Aid and Minor Surgery List (you can piece this together from home)

*    I have a free training for first aid kits that I will discuss when I get to this

Step 3: Find all of your Camping Gear and Reorganize

Camping gear is awesome for early survival gear.  You will at least get through a week with it.

Step 4: Make a Basic Black Out Kit, Lights Out Kit, or Storm Bag

Purchase and collect stuff around your house to help during a black out.  Short Term items.

Step 5: Determine the contents of your bug out bag

 

 

This is organizing what you have, not purchasing anything.  You wont have everything, but you will have some items.

Step 6: Determine your Bug Out Location

 

 

Housekeeping

* I am in North Carolina right now, so you get a throwback episode.

* If you don’t know where to start in prepping, check out my resource page at theprepperpodcast.com/gettingstarted

* Don’t forget to give me a review at theprepperpodcast.com/itunes and you could win a consulting call with me. (You must email me with subject: Podcast Review so I can contact you… This includes any past or new reviews if you want to be able to win.)

* Today’s winner is TWINKLETWINKLETOES

News in 2 Minutes with J. Bradbury of PreparePDX.com

Topic:

Discussion:

Related Blog Post: Disasters Emergency Action Plans Emergency Evacuation Procedures

* This entire episode was just a tiny bit of my one year preparedness system.

* How To Be A Prepper: One Year Emergency Preparedness System

* When there is a disaster you will have to decide:

* to bug-in for security

* or to bug-out to get away from danger

* We must prepare for both bugging in and out

* discussing the latter

* You will bug in when:

* disaster requires you to stay home (such as a food shortage or sickness)

* or at home the disaster will do you no harm (loss of job)

* You will bug out when:

* You have a disaster that is immediately hazardous to life and health (forest fire spreading, nuclear disaster that hasn’t made it to you yet)

* A disaster is regional and you have an evacuation location out of the region (such as a storm that has destroyed the area)

* When stress is high, will you know what to do, what to grab, or the best way to get to your BOL?

* we use emergency action plans

* what is an emergency action plan?

* A document with important information and documentation to help you and others to follow well thought out steps to ensure success when executing a bug-out plan.

* Why should you have an Emergency Action Plan or Emergency Evacuation Procedure?

* Family members stressed can follow the easy written steps

* stress clouds the mind

* keep your spouse on track and clear their head

* help you with your own memory

* Irresponsible children may surprise you in a bad situation if they have a good plan

* they will help you figure out what you are weakest at, and where attention is due

* What should be in an Emergency Action Plan or Emergency Evacuation Procedure?

* List of likely disasters

* Jobloss

* House fire or damage

* Tornados

* Hurricanes

* Snow and Ice Storms

* Earthquakes

* Floods

* Volcanic Eruption

* Meteor Impact

* Economic Collapse or Viral Outbreak

* What is most likely?

* Where will it come from?

* Will you stay home or evacuate?

* Rank them and work on most likely first

* List of important contacts

* Family

* Immediate, Extended

* Professional Contacts

* Banker, Brokers, Investment Firms, Employers

* Emergency Services

* Police, Fire Dept

* Each Contact should include:

* Phone numbers, addresses, social media info, email addresses

* The roles for each family member

* Father- Keep everyone together, security

* Mother- Packing list, important docs, call family members

* Teenagers- grab their own bag and important items

* gather pet supplies,

Housekeeping:

* I am in North Carolina right now, so you get a throwback episode.

* If you don’t know where to start in prepping, check out my resource page at theprepperpodcast.com/gettingstarted.

* Speaking of getting started, I think I will be doing a “back to basics” series soon.

* Don’t forget to give me a review at theprepperpodcast.com/itunes and you could win a consulting call with me. (You must email me with subject: Podcast Review so I can contact you… This includes any past or new reviews if you want to be able to win.)

* MLRiggle was the last winner, will you be next?

News in 2 Minutes with J. Bradbury of PreparePDX.com

Topic:

Subject:

Small Gardening Lessons and Resources

 

Interviewee:

J Bradbury

Introduction:

* Background: Life long interest in disasters.

* B.S. in Psychology with minor in Civic Leadership

* Vet. in Coast Guard 2000-2004

* Volunteered for two Emergency Managers

* past CERT member

* Numerous FEMA certificates (ICS 100-400) plus 20 more

* preparePDX.com

Questions:

* PDX?

* What have you done to improve your gardening skills?

* I don’t have the room to garden, what can i do?

* Neighbor/friend/family

* contract?

* What plants have you had success with, which have been a struggle?

* what plants

* when planted

* What do you think you should do differently going forward?

* What do see as the future for gardening?

* Permaculture

* Local Farming

* Farmers Market

* Community Garden

* What would you say is the easiest, most actionable way for people to get started?

* easy plants: herbs, lettuce, or what grows easy in your area

* space at work?

* volunteer at local farm

* Is it too late for people to start coming up on the end of May?

* If it is, what would you recommend for them to do until they can start?

Additional Resources:

* What are some sources on Youtube you turn to?

* Larry Hall: Small Garden Techniques: https://www.youtube.com/user/larrylhall/playlists

* John from Growing your Greens: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLnBuE20QUirU2qWzBRKCCx_gmpt3xXOj5

* To meet people: www.meetup.com

* discuss my local group I started.

 How can people connect with you?

* www.preparepdx.com

* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ppreparepdx

* Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/PreparePDX/228271267208887

* Google Plus: https://plus.google.com/u/0/b/108542576024621429618/108542576024621429618/posts

* Mail: [email protected]

Housekeeping:

* Next week, I will be giving a throwback episode because we will be out of town for a while.  Going to North Carolina.

* There has recently been a board added to Top Survival Forum where you can discuss Prepper Podcast Episodes.  Check out the Prepping Forum.

* Don’t forget to give me a review at theprepperpodcast.com/itunes and you could win a consulting call with me. (You must email me with subject: Podcast Review so I can contact you… This includes any past or new reviews if you want to be able to win.)

* Last Week’s winner was MLRiggle

Topic:

Today’s Episode is a copy of the google hangout that I did with Dale and Lisa of Survivalist Prepper.

The Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-t65l6jcQg

We discuss basics of a solar backup power system and some awesome ways to use it.

We give you a sneak peak into a table-top solar power battery bank like the one that Dale Goodwin made, and go more in depth with one that I made that is a little larger.  My bank is in my storm shelter and You will see how I did it!

 

 

 

Technical failure on last 077.  Listen to this one!!!

Housekeeping:

* Today is an interview podcast. You can also be interviewed if you go to http://theprepperpodcast.com/guests and fill out the form completely.

* I am also available for interviews, so if you want me on your podcast or blog, then go to http://theprepperpodcast.com/media and fill out that form.

* Don’t forget to give me a review at theprepperpodcast.com/itunes and you could win a consulting call with me. (You must email me with subject: Podcast Review so I can contact you… This includes any past or new reviews if you want to be able to win.)

* Today’s winner is MLRiggle

News in 2 Minutes with J. Bradbury of PreparePDX.com

* Signs Of Change |The Past Few Weeks Or So 2015 Part 3 April

* https://youtu.be/qolE0l71fRQ

* Energy Storage for a Sustainable Home

* http://www.teslamotors.com/powerwall

* Fire-Proof Tracer Ammunition

* http://beforeitsnews.com/survival/2015/05/fire-proof-tracer-ammunition-2570132.html

Topic:

Learn Home Security and Door Security with Ken Jensen of The Prepper Podcast and Robert Dieguez of Strikeplate Locks.

 

Who is Robert Dieguez? What is Strike Plate Locks?

 

 

 

Robert Dieguez is a retired Los Angeles County Deputy Sheriff with 22 years of service and obviously is the inventor of the Strikeplate Lock.

Strike Plate Locks are a patent pending home security measure meant to defend against brute force entry of a home.

 

 

 

 

Ken asks Robert questions about home security, detailed suggestions on how to secure all of your weak points, door security and his product, Strike Plate Locks.

Tell me a little about yourself and how you got into the home security business and more specifically the inventing and the founding of strike plate locks.

Many different entry points into a home and how someone would typically enter through those points?

What are some of the best things we can do to “close the gaps” in our security measures?

Suggestions on the best products to use for:

* Cameras

* Alarm Systems

* Lighting

* Windows or Glass Doors

* Locks and Doors (We will go a little further into this in a minute)

* Sliding Doors

* Safes

* In ground, in wall, in wall but pylons driven to ground?

* Pepper Spray and Tasers

* Garage Doors

Why are doors, which are meant to keep things out, so weak?

WHY a hinged piece of metal is so much stronger that the typical setup…

The ease of Lock installation.

Suggestions for the strike plate lock:

* During the stamping process of the strike plate portion, have a hook coming off of the top, so there is a place to hang the loop and to keep it out of the way.

* Come up with a better solution to the ‘screw dilemma.’  Maybe a putty that hardens in place and needs heat treatment (blowdryer) to remove.  I have a link to tamper resistant screws that you may want to include with your lock upon request.

* One problem I can see with this lock is children.  I have one that loves to lock doors, including those that will keep family members outside.  I will never get back inside my house

 

 

Robert, would you be willing to give some sort of discount to members of the prepp...

Housekeeping:

* If you value what I do, just head over to theprepperpodcast.com/support

* if you buy from amazon, go to theprepperpodcast.com/amazon instead

* Don’t forget to give me a review at theprepperpodcast.com/itunes and you could win a consulting call with me. (You must email me with subject: Podcast Review so I can contact you… This includes any past or new reviews if you want to be able to win.)

Related Blog Posts:

What to Do for Memorial Day, Visiting a Memorial Cemetery

The Meaning About US Veteran’s Memorial Day, Honor, The Date, and The Story

What is the Meaning of Memorial Day for Many People?

 

Most people see it as Thank a Veteran Day.

Some people see it as Wear Something Patriotic Day.

Almost everyone sees it as Grill-Out With the Family Day.

Almost the same number of people will see it as Take the Family to the Beach (Lake) Day.

What Date is Memorial Day Celebrated and Why?

The holiday used to be on May 30th every year.

In 1968, it was moved to the last Monday of the month to give people a three-day weekend.

There are some veteran groups that would like to see the weekend disappear, because it became just another family holiday, and the real meaning or remembrance is disappearing.

What is the True Meaning of Memorial Day?

Memorial Day isn’t about veterans, what you wear, grilling out, or going to swim.

Memorial Day is somber.

The purpose is to remember the fallen.

People fought and died for “liberty” and “freedom” for us!

A Memorial Day Story about the Sacrifice of a Soldier

Tommy (A true story), please share this with EVERYONE.

Tommy was 17 years of age.

* He was in INDOC, which is where you are pledged to pledge.

At 18, he signed papers and swore an oath to defend the constitution of the United States.

* This was against enemies foreign and domestic.

* He meant every single word of the oath.

* He CHOSE to protect us at great cost

* If there was an order, he would follow it

* He understood SACRIFICE

* Salute him, applaud his service, tell him thank you, shake his hand, and MOVE out of his way when he walks down the street.

At 18, He went to boot camp.

* He drilled, exercised, and marched.

* He had been tested in war simulations for what he learned, physical strength, and tenacity.

* He passed… He was tough.

* At the end of boot camp he was proud and so were his parents.

He came home on leave.

* He visited

* Everyone hugged him and applauded him

* They asked him what the army was like.

He went to school after leave.

* He learned a useful trade

* Then he visited home again

Then he was sent to join his platoon.

* Almost immediately after, they were given orders to go to Iraq.

* He wasn’t excited about this, but it was his duty and he never complained.

* He did very well and gained rank quickly (pay and authority).

He was given a new job of Gunner for the Lieutenant’s Humvee because he was one of the best shots.

Warning that the below is graphic.

One day, they were traveling.  They were the second Humvee.

* Sargent Gomez was driving.

The first Humvee was hit by an Explosively Formed Penetrator (EFP).

 

Original Podcast: ThePrepperPodcast.com/016: START Triage, the System, Tags, Smart Mass Casualty Triage Method

Housekeeping:

* Questions or Comments: (978) KNOWS-IT or (978) 566-9748

* green bar on right side of the homepage that says record on it

* Itunes reviews: if you give me an itunes or stitcher review, you can be one of the lucky few that can win a $150 consulting call with me.

Interview of Ken Jensen of The Prepper Podcast by Jack Spirko of The Survival Podcast about S.T.A.R.T. Triage System and How to use it.

If you would like to interview me on your podcast, you can go to theprepperpodcast.com/media

* About Me

* I grew up spending time in the forests in my home town.

* Primitive Camping

* Hunting

* Interests in wilderness survival

* turned into urban survival naturally

* Professionally

* I have been in the military

* Electronics Technician

* Nuclear Reactor Operator

* Red Tape in Nuclear Power

* NRRO – Naval Reactors

* NRC – Nuclear Regulatory Commision

* Decided to use my electronics and get an occupation as an Industrial Electrician

* In business

* I have succeeded and failed in marketing, and in real estate

* I am entrepreneur minded, so…

* My Blog and Podcast has fulfilled both my survival requirements and my business drive

* I am a Libertarian and a Christian

* Explain what START Triage stands for.

* Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment

* Simple Triage is first-responder triage, at the scene of a Mass Casualty Incident

* Earthquakes

* Highway Accidents

* Air Crashes

* Major Fires

* Train Derailments

* Building Collapses

* Explosions

* Terrorist Attacks

* Materials Releases

* Earthquakes

* Tornadoes

* Hurricanes

* Floods

* What is the reason for triage?

* process of determining the priority of patients’ treatments based on the severity of their condition

* It is a quick way to prioritize injuries to figure out who needs immediate attention and who doesn’t

* Triage was used in World War I by French doctors treating wounded at the aid stations. They divided the victims into three categories:

* Those likely to live, regardless of what care they get

* Those likely to die, regardless of what care they get

* Those where immediate care might make a difference in outcome.

* Today triage is used to decide how immediate a response the victim needs.

* Can you take us through a typical scenario to show us the usefulness of the START system.

* Train Accidents

* Steps:

 

* RPM – Respirations, Perfusion, Mental Status

* Anyone that can walk out, does so and as they go, you give them a minor tag.

* You can keep someone back to help with the next steps.

* Check for breathing.  If not breathing, try to adjust airways.

* If you can get them to breath, then they need their airway supported and move to...

Housekeeping:

* Questions or Comments: (978) KNOWS-IT or (978) 566-9748

* green bar on right side of the homepage that says record on it

* Next week, there may be no episode.  Reason?  I have an anniversary and a birthday, 2 weeks in a row!  Not to mention, Mothers Day is on the 10th!

News in Two Minutes Segment

By J.Bradbury of PreparePDX.com

* 102 Years of Taxation: Chart Shows How out of Control the IRS Has Gotten

* http://www.thedailysheeple.com/102-years-of-taxation-chart-shows-how-out-of-control-the-irs-has-gotten_042015

* FAA Lets Maine Search and Rescue Group Deploy Drones

* http://www.govtech.com/public-safety/FAA-Lets-Maine-Search-and-Rescue-Group-Deploy-Drones.html

* US Troops Arrive in Ukraine for Training Exercises

* http://www.military.com/daily-news/2015/04/17/us-troops-arrive-in-ukraine-for-training-exercises.html?comp=7000023467983&rank=2

Massad Ayoob Interview about Criminal and Civil Defense after You Defend Yourself

If you would like to be interviewed, you can go to theprepperpodcast.com/guests

Some of Massad Ayoob’s History:

* Multiple Book Author and Author since 1971

* Instructor since 1972

* Expert Whitness since 1978

* Handgun Editor for Gun’s Magazine 1970s

* Law Enforcement Editor for American Handgunner 1970s

* Writer for Combat Handgun’s Magazine

* Writer for Guns and Weapons for Law Enforcement

What happens in the Criminal and Civil Justice System after someone prevails in a defense scenario?

Massad discusses the basics of the criminal and civil systems and what is required for you to be prosecuted in each.

What are the most Common Mistakes People Make?

We discuss mistakes made by people that do ALMOST everything correctly and how they could have done differently.

How you can end up defending yourself in court, even when NO SHOTS were fired?

It is a race to the phone.  The first one to call the police wins.  We discuss why you should call the police, even when the threat retreats.

When should you call the police in a defense scenario?

Anytime your gun comes out.

If you call 911, what information should you include in your call so you give info needed, but not incriminate yourself?

* Location and Repeat

* What happened.  What the assailant did that caused you to pull the gun.

What are the 5 steps of what to say to the police on the crime scene?

* Explain what happened.

* Willing to fill out a form and sign a complaint.

* Point out evidence.

* Point out witnesses.

* Tell the Officer that you will cooperate further when your attorney arrives.

What should you do if you are required to be put in a cell?

Request isolation so you can stay away from others.  If you cannot be isolated, try to stay to yourself.

ITunes Reviews of The Prepper Podcast

I am reading some of the reviews of my show.  I read the good and the bad.

Remember to go to http://theprepperpodcast.com/itunes or to http://theprepperpodcast.com/stitcher to review the show and you can win a $150 consulting session with me.

Housekeeping:

1. Please give me a review at theprepperpodcast.com/itunes

a. i have a little something for you that review me… but you will have to wait till the end.

2. Questions or Comments: (978) KNOWS-IT or (978) 566-9748

a. green bar on right side of the homepage that says record on it

Topic:

How to Run a Timed Plant Watering System for Starting Saplings

 

Brian starting seeds, wants pole barn to harvest water, needs to automate to water

Scenario 1 (Best and easiest)

* Run waterhose from house to bed

* Place timer at your home tap going to hose

Scenario 2

* Elevate your totes off the ground, just under the gutters of the pole barn.

* Catch rain in gutters that drain into totes

* Place timer on bottom of the totes that open and gravity feed to the bed

* If you do this, don’t use a sprinkler system, use a drip system

Scenario 2 Electrical setup

* 12v 8AH SLA (sealed lead acid) battery for holding power

* Sunforce 7 Amp Charge Controller

* Renogy 10 Watt Photovoltaic Solar Panel

* Docooler Mini Micro Brushless Water Oil Submersible Pump (5W)

* If nighttime came and never showed day again, the pump could continuously run for 19.2 hours

* Which you will not

* It will take about 10 hours of sunlight to charge the battery fully

* Woods 50015 Outdoor 7-Day Heavy Duty Digital Outlet Timer for the pump

Alternate setup to remove electrical costs

* Orbit 62061N-91213 Single Dial Water Timer

* 4000 on and off cycles per 2 AA batteries

* Use Enloop Batteries to have recharge capability.

* Use this setup, off of a water hose.  When you expand your operation, you may want to so some more permanent piping.

Another thing to Consider

* Elevate your bed that you will be starting seeds in

* Let bed overflow into another tank to reclaim what overflowed in the bed

* Similar to a hydroponics setup

* Could run a pump to recirc back into the top tank if you wanted a closed system with rain makeup

How to Make a Candle out of an Altoids Tin or Nivea Tin

* Martin asked a question about making a candle in an Altoids tin.

Melt the Wax for the Candle

* Use Paraffin wax or Bees wax for your candle

* Melt the wax in an old soup can or a pot

* If you want to color your wax, you can melt crayon wax into the pot with the wax

Make Some Wicks for Your Candle

* While wax is melting, you need pure cotton twine or some tea candle wicks

* Just remove metal and wick from tealights

* If possible, go ahead and prep your wick by coating it in wax, but this step isn’t necessary.

* Glue tealight wicks to bottom of altoids tin so they stay in place when you put the wax in

* If using cotton twine, or a wick without a base, just build a small stand you can tie the wick to above the tin to hold it vertical

* I would recommend about 3-4 wicks in the tin so you have the ability to use all the wax when burning… not to burn them all at once.

* Cut the wicks flush with the top of the altoids tin.

Pour The Wax into the Altoids Tin

* Pour the melted wax into the altoids tin taking care to leave the wicks where they are meant to be.

* Before the wax solidifies, you can make some adjustments to the wick position.

Solidify the Wax

* Place the Tin in the freezer

* Solidify faster

* Candles burn more evenly

Add “The Extras”

* Take two old cardboard match books and glue them to the lid of the Altoids tin, and you will have a way to light the candle.

Housekeeping:

* Don’t forget to join and get active at TopSurvivalForum.com

* Please give me a review at theprepperpodcast.com/itunes

* Questions or Comments: (978) KNOWS-IT or (978) 566-9748

a. green bar on right side of the homepage that says record on it

Topic:

Wilderness Survival Weapons and Tools

Don’t take chances with your survival

Keep items on hand if you have a remote possibility of getting stuck in a survival scenario.

* Keep Survival knife on you

* Basic fishing gear

* Always keep a sidearm

* If possible, keep shotgun or rifle

* Keep a fully stocked survival pack

If you ABSOLUTELY MUST build your own survival weapons and tools…

* Staff

* Club

* Sling Club

* Knife

* Spear

* Throwing Stick, or Rabbit Stick

* Archery Bow

* Arrow Tip

* Bola 

Staff

One of the most basic tools to build

Helps with:

* Steep hikes

* Check for snakes

* Keep brush out of eyes

* Great weapon

Pick a large straight piece of hardwood

* Tall enough to reach eye level

* Thick enough for strength

* Thin enough to grasp

 

Club

Easier to handle one-handled than the staff.

Simple Club

1. Short, smaller staff.

2. Needs to be long enough to cause damage

a. Strong enough to withstand damage

3. Straight-Grained hardwood is best

Weighted Club

1. Simple club with weight on one end

a. Knot in wood

b. Rock lashed to it

2. Straight-grained hardwood is best

3. 3 feet long

Split-handled clubs

4. Wrap lashing

5. Split end to lashing (7-8 inches, 4 beyond stone top)

6. Lash securely above, below, and across stone

7. Bind Split end tight to secure stone

Forked-Branch clubs

8. Fork of 7-8 inches, 4 beyond stone top

9. Lash crotch of branch fork

10. Lash top of fork

11. Tighten around stone

Wrapped-handle clubs

12. Must be an inch in diameter

13. Shave to half inch in diameter about 10 inches on end

14. Find 4 lb stone with “pecked groove”

15. Wrap shaved end around stone

16. Lash down on handle

Sling Club

* Weighted club

* Has weight hanging 4 or so inches from club

* Strong lashing

* Length creates force multiplier on impact

* Build

a. Tie lashing to stone leaving at least 8 inches free

b. Tie to stick leaving 4 inches of rope

c. Stick should be about 15 in long

Knife

* Don’t make your knife, buy it unless you want to knife craft

* Crafted or bought knives are much higher quality

* If you MUST make one in the wilderness, you will need

a. Stone

b. Bone

c. Wood

d. or Metal

Stone Blade:

4. Need to choose flaky stone like flint, chert, obsidian, jasper, quartzite

a. Stones with higher pitch when tapped are usually better for knapping

5. Use chipping tool of wood or bone to chip off thin flat pieces of stone

6. Use flaking tool of bone, antler, or iron

a. Press edges of stone, making opposite side flake

b. Will create sharp edge

c. Edges will not hold well

Bone Blade:

7. Bone is not good for cutting or chopping

a. Edges do not hold up at all

8. Best to be used for a puncture knife

9. Find bone and break with rock

10. Grab sharp splintered piece

11.Sharpen edges on rough rock

Wood Blade

12. Also best for puncturing.

13. Use straight grain as well, not core of wood

14.