"Euro 7 accused of deadly sins

Good things come to those who wait.

After being delayed again and again, the Euro 7 vehicle pollution standards were released on Thursday (10 November) in what will likely be the final air quality regulation for petrol and diesel cars before the shift to zero-emission"

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" vehicles in 2035.

Under the proposal, the lowest exhaust emission values possible under the previous iteration of the regulation, Euro 6, will be made mandatory for cars and vans, with separate limits for buses and lorries. A limit will also be placed on particles shed from brakes and tyres for the first time.

According to the European Commission, the new rules will lower total NOx emissions from cars and vans by 35% compared to Euro 6, and by 56% from buses and lorries. Tailpipe particles will be reduced by 13% and 39% respectively, with brake particles from cars cut by 27%.

In drafting the legislation, Commission civil servants were between a rock and a hard place.

Make the regulation too onerous, and you force the car industry to invest in retooling the internal combustion engine at a time when money would arguably be better spent on perfecting clean technology.

But pull your punches, and you risk an outcry from civil society, which has strongly pushed EU regulators to curb air pollution from road transport, the cause of some 70,000 premature deaths across the EU annually.

So how was Euro 7 received?

Industry complained the standards were going too far, arguing that it will slow the transition to electric and hydrogen vehicles. NGOs and health groups, on the other hand, accused the regulation of being a gift to the automotive industry, arguing that it will do little to safeguard the health of Europeans.

Indeed, Euro 7 managed to upset just about everyone, which, in a way, is a win for the Commission. If both parties feel you have kowtowed to the other, there’s always the chance you’ve managed to land squarely in the middle.

The legislation also proved divisive among European Parliament lawmakers, with the usual left-right schism emerging.

MEP Peter Liese, a German lawmaker with the centre-right EPP group, praised the European Commission for not listening to the “harmful and overambitious claims from the Greens and the Left in the European Parliament” and for presenting a more “realistic” proposal.

However, Liese, known as being among the greenest EPP members, expressed concern that Euro 7 would push up the cost of cars, making life more difficult for already cash-strapped consumers. He also warned against overburdening the car industry during the transition to climate neutral vehicles.

The Greens, perhaps unsurprisingly, were less than impressed that their call for significantly stricter standards was ignored by the Commission.

Bas Eickhout, a Green MEP, said the Commission had “bowed to the demands of the automobile industry”.

“After making Europe’s citizens and industries wait with bated breath for almost two years, the C

"Euro-integration for Romania: Between desire and necessity

With Bulgaria and Croatia getting nearer to adopting the euro, eurozone enlargement is becoming more relevant, but not all Eastern European countries view this process the same. Romania should make the adoption of the euro a strategic objec"

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"tive that would support the country’s stability, argue Mihaela Luţaş and Dan Luca.

Dr Mihaela Luţaş teaches the European Economic Policies course at the “Babeş-Bolyai” University in Cluj-Napoca and is a member of the General Association of Economists from Romania; Dan Luca is an associate professor at The National School of Political Science and Public Administration (SNSPA) Bucharest, and vice-president of EURACTIV.

After more than six decades, the Union and its structures are facing a new challenge. Inflation and rising borrowing costs are putting pressure on the Eurozone. Nevertheless, the common currency and a common institutional and legal framework bring several advantages ultimately reflected in stable and high living standards.

For Romania, a member of the European Union for the last 16 years, adopting the Euro and being part of the Eurozone is a question of time as all member states except Denmark (because of its opt-out clause) are theoretically required to join the currency union sooner or later.

It is a slow process, as it implies several steps and a lot of criteria that need to be met before a country can be considered eligible to join the eurozone and adopt the euro.

With regards to the convergence criteria, Romania experienced a lot of ups and downs, from being close to fulfilling a part of the Maastricht criteria in 2016 to the current state in which none of the requirements defined in the EU Treaties is being fulfilled.

When discussing new member states, Bulgaria used to be considered in the same league as Romania. But Bulgaria, probably in 2024, and Croatia in January 2023, will adopt the single currency, given that both are already members of the EU’s Exchange Rate Mechanism.

The euro adoption by Bulgaria might be a strong incentive for the Romanian political forces to pitch this topic as a significant issue in defining the national interest.

To enter the eurozone, Romania should prove that its market is compatible with the EU’s internal market structures using nominal and real convergence indicators.

Being part of the eurozone and using its single currency would enhance the transparency of the way funds are used and lower the conversion costs, diminishing the different forms of risks it determines.

That is why joining the eurozone should be a common project for politicians, technocrats and civil society.

The latest Eurobarometer Survey, from April 2022, shows that less than half of Romania’s population is aware of and feels informed about the costs and benefits of euro adoption, while the figures for Bulgaria and Croatia are above 50%.

This means that not only the National Bank of Romania, considered along with

"Shortage of engineers is threatening climate action

The importance of engineering skills has never been greater. Today, the lack of engineers and other specialists is damaging economic growth and sustainable transformation in Europe.[1]

Dr Nelson Ogunshakin is the CEO of FIDIC. Åsa Bergman is the "

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"President and CEO of Sweco.

This year’s Conference of the Parties (COP27) has been labelled as the “implementation COP”. Between 6-18 November, over 35,000 participants are expected to gather at COP27 in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt with the aim to move from climate negotiations and planning to concrete action. Ahead of the climate summit, FIDIC and Sweco urge the world leaders and attendees to mitigate the threatening consequences imposed by the shortage of engineers on climate action.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) latest assessment report, released in April 2022, makes it clear that we have already passed several tipping points with irreversible effects on our planet. Unless immediate and significant emission reductions are implemented across all sectors, the Paris Agreement ambition to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius will be out of reach by 2030.

Despite the narrowing window for action, the IPCC report also provides glimpses of hope. Climate action can be achieved through systemic climate mitigation in urban areas, deployment of renewable energy sources and infrastructure, increased energy and materials efficiency, circular material flows, electrification of transport and industry combined with carbon removal technology.

Climate action is, however, only possible if you have the workforce with the competencies to design the innovations and deliver the solutions needed to avoid the worst impacts of climate change. Europe, for example, is facing a skills shortage related to engineering qualifications, a trend that has been evident for several years. As an aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and remote working, such trends can be observed more widely across the globe as the skills market becomes more globally accessible.

Architects, engineers and environmental specialists are needed to integrate sustainable solutions in buildings design and establish climate resilient urban areas for people to live, work and thrive in. Industrial engineers are needed for, among other contributions, to accelerate the transition to fossil free steel, transforming one of the world’s most emission intensive industries. Within the energy sector, experts are needed in all steps of planning, construction, and transfer of renewable energy as well as for developing new technologies for hydrogen, energy storage or carbon capture. Society also depends on civil engineers, traffic planners and digital experts to work together to deliver solutions to the complex transition to modern infrastructure for mobility, electrified transport, EV charging and public transport.

The opportunities and challenges are staggering

The current shortag

"The Brief — Meet your new gas supplier: Berlin

When Germany took full control of Gazprom Germania, the European subsidiary of the Kremlin’s gas arm, it symbolically ended the country’s 52-year gas entanglement with Russia. However, few realised that it would make Berlin Europe’s new major player an"

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"d supplier in the energy world.

More than half a century ago, the project was started as a brainchild of Willy Brandt, the initial driving force behind Germany’s Ostpolitik, the reconciliation of East and West German relations.

Over the next few decades, the project brought normalisation, stability, energy and – in recent months – problems that led to its termination, or transformation.

As of Monday (14 November), the symbol of the Russo-German gas partnership, Gazprom Germania – renamed Securing Energy for Europe (Sefe) – was fully seized by Berlin, following the European Commission’s green light.

The fully-fledged nationalisation also put an end to the confusion surrounding Gazprom at large, one of Europe’s most significant gas trading companies, which included attempts by Moscow to transfer the company to a Russian DJ or dissolve it entirely.

The takeover required the approval of EU competition authorities, who gave their green light on Saturday (12 November), as Germany invested another €225 million and granted an extra €2 billion in loans, upping the total to €13.8 billion.

Why go to all this effort for a company that is bleeding money like a stuck pig, becoming liable for wages of Russian employees that were transferred to Dubai, where it will have to field €300 million in bonuses for traders based in London?

The company is the spider at the centre of a Europe-wide web of lucrative long-term gas contracts held by subsidiaries that continue to shield local utilities and companies from the worst impacts of runaway gas prices.

“Sefe is a key company for energy supply in Germany,” the Economy Ministry said on Monday, noting the key role of Sefe’s subsidiary, Wingas, which has a market share of 20% in the country.

But this is only scratching the surface of the deep well of Sefe-owned gas companies all over Europe – all of which are now in the hand of the German government.

WIEE Hungary, a gas company dealing with industrial customers and wholesalers, is ultimately owned by Sefe. The same goes for WIEE Bulgaria. For Czechia, this applies to energy company Vemex, which holds more than 10% of the country’s market share.

When the Kremlin sanctioned 31 gas companies largely based in Europe in May, it created a public, albeit incomplete, overview of where now-Sefe-owned companies do business across Europe. Yet, to this day, there is no comprehensive overview of Sefe operations to be found.

This is all to say that European gas markets are messy and lack transparency, despite the European Commission pushing for years. The German government now owns a variety of companies fulfilling a plenitude of roles crucial to the functioning of EU st

"ePrivacy: EU legislators chase compromise on processing electronic communications data

After months of stagnating debates on the ePrivacy Regulation, EU lawmakers and diplomats have moved on to discussing the sensitive issue of processing electronic communications data, metadata, and content.

On 1"

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"0 November, representatives from the European Parliament and EU Council met for a technical discussion on the ePrivacy Regulation, a much-debated legislative initiative that has been stuck for years.

EU countries only reached a common position in February 2021, four years after the proposal was presented. Since then, the negotiating teams of the two institutions have hardly seen any breakthrough as the technical discussions focused on less controversial parts of the proposals.

A joint non-paper from the Parliament’s rapporteur Birgit Sippel and the Czech EU Council Presidency, discussed last week and seen by EURACTIV, marked a departure in this sense, addressing the critical part of the protection of electronic communications.

The technical meeting was not conclusive, but the text sets the basis for future discussions. Political groups in the Parliament have until Friday (18 November) to submit written feedback to the rapporteur.

Electronic communications data

At the core of the discussion was the article defining under which conditions electronic communications data can be processed, namely only insofar as it is strictly necessary to achieve the transmission of the communication and ensure the security of the communications networks.

“The necessity of the processing of electronic communications data for the purposes provided for in this Regulation should be assessed only on the basis of objective technical requirements, and not be based on commercial considerations,” reads a newly proposed paragraph for the text’s preamble.

Additional wording was introduced to cover specific cases where the storage of the transmitted electronic communication is part of the users’ communication request, for instance, for email services where the emails are stored on a cloud where the user can search for them at a later stage.

As regards the security aspect, the EU policymakers proposed specifying that service providers cannot process data stored in or emitted by the users’ devices to detect technical faults and errors, an attempt to compromise with the lawmakers who deleted this point altogether.

The thorny issue of data retention was put on hold for the moment.

Electronic communications metadata

Another critical point for discussion in the ePrivacy Regulation is metadata, information related to who is communicating and how, for instance, in terms of time, location, and IP address. Metadata processing can only be permitted under specific scenarios in the compromise text.

One of these is that the users gave their explicit consent for one or more purposes that cannot be fulfilled without such metadata. However, if there is a high risk of endangering

"East Africa food crisis – Breaking the cycle of drought, hunger and famine

The world today faces an unprecedented hunger crisis that requires a bold international response. There are currently six countries at immediate risk of famine – half of which are in East Africa: Somalia, Ethiopia and South "

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"Sudan. In Somalia, more than 50% of the population need emergency food aid. These emergencies risk recurring in the future as the region is exposed to further climate and conflict shocks.

The European Union has so far shown global leadership in this crisis. However, it is clear that much greater efforts will be needed to save lives and livelihoods in the region. Many non-governmental organisations claim that if humanitarian assistance is not scaled up significantly and rapidly, the lives of millions of people are at stake – more people will die of hunger, more livelihoods will be at risk, more will become displaced, and more will face protection risks.

Rewatch this EURACTIV Hybrid Conference to find out how the EU can better address the food crisis in Eastern Africa. Questions to be discussed include:

– What can be done to avert the worst of a deepening food crisis in East Africa?

– Has the EU’s response been robust enough so far?

– What lessons must be learned from this crisis to make the humanitarian system fit for the future?

Image credit: International Rescue Committee

>> Click here for more information about the event.

>> Click here to check out our upcoming events.

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"

"Climate change in the Mediterranean

The Mediterranean is one of the regions most affected by climate change, with an intensification of heat waves, wildfires, floods, droughts and water shortages.

In this special report, EURACTIV looks at the initiatives taken by the region to tackle the challenge"

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".

Mediterranean region seeking to decarbonise its tourism industry

News | Energy & Environment Nov 15, 2022

With ever-increasing numbers of tourists visiting the region, Mediterranean countries are coming under growing pressure to tackle the related environmental impacts, including air and water pollution.

Tackling the issue of marine litter in the Mediterranean

News | Energy & Environment Nov 17, 2022

The Mediterranean basin is home to a great diversity of flora and fauna, and is recognised as a 'biodiversity hotspot' by conservation groups, who warn 19% of species are now threatened with extinction because of pressure exerted by human activity.

COP27: Interreg MED creates “the best climate for a change”

Opinion | Promoted content | Energy & Environment Nov 3, 2022

Interreg MED Communities is co-creating the Mediterranean Pavilion and organising four debates at the COP27 to shine a light on the crucial role of transnational cooperation between local communities in mitigating and adapting to climate change in the Mediterranean

https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy-environment/special_report/climate-change-in-the-mediterranean/?utm_source=piano&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=9715&pnespid=srB6EiVbMawahqCapjnrC5iO4xPyCccqKPe8yu9wqkVmx.3aoKqOBHySQGrPNUHbNABE1V50JA

"

"Mediterranean region seeking to decarbonise its tourism industry

This article is part of our special report Climate change in the Mediterranean.

With ever-increasing numbers of tourists visiting the region, Mediterranean countries are coming under growing pressure to tackle the related environment"

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"al impacts, including air and water pollution.

The Mediterranean is one of the world’s leading tourist destinations, thanks to its unique natural ecosystems and cultural and historical heritage. In 2019, the area welcomed more than 400 million international tourists, figures that are expected to grow further in the coming years, hitting the 500 million mark by the end of the decade.

But while the tourism industry has become a key driver of economic activity for the region, it comes with an environmental cost.

With the COP27 climate summit still in full swing in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, the contribution of tourism to greenhouse gas emissions is coming under closer scrutiny.

The Mediterranean is one of the regions most affected by climate change, warming 20% faster than the global average, according to the United Nations environment programme (UNEP).

In the past two decades, water temperatures have increased by an average of 0.4°C, air temperatures by 1.54°C, and the sea level is 6cm higher than it was 20 years ago.

“The Mediterranean coastal areas will be more affected by the effects of climate change than other areas, with an intensification of extreme events such as heat waves, floods, droughts and water shortages,” explained Céline Dubreuil, programme director at Plan Bleu, a UNEP-backed regional programme with headquarters in Marseille, France.

Speaking at a conference as part of COP27’s Mediterranean pavilion on Friday (11 November), Dubreuil said: “The Mediterranean region is facing unprecedented climate and environmental challenges that have important consequences on human wellbeing, health and economic activities, including tourism.”

“The Mediterranean needs a profound transformation of consumption and production patterns to achieve sustainability,” she added.

Plan Bleu is one of the regional activity centres of the Mediterranean Action Plan of UNEP, put in place by France in 1977. It was created after the signature of the Barcelona Convention in 1975, which was adopted by Mediterranean countries and the European Community to protect the marine environment and the coastal area.

The plan’s objective is to produce studies and guidelines in order to raise awareness about environmental issues in the region and assist local decision-makers in the transition towards a green economy, such as the sustainability of cruising and recreational boating.

The cruise and private yachting sectors are key economic activities for the region, yet they substantially contribute to emissions of air and water pollutants as well as greenhouse gases.

“Some solutions have been highlighted in these guidelines,” Dubreuil explained, citing the progressiv

"Commission to temporarily re-approve glyphosate without member states’ go-ahead

Member states once again blocked the Commission’s proposal to extend the marketing authorisation of the herbicide glyphosate for another year, but the EU executive is set to still approve an interim renewal before mid-D"

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"ecember.

On Tuesday (15 November), an appeal committee made up of member states’ representatives did not reach the necessary majority to give green light to an interim EU approval for glyphosate as an active substance in plant protection.

Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide as an active substance in plant protection. The question of renewal has been highly controversial as views diverge over glyphosate’s impact on health and the environment.

The temporary extension of glyphosate marketing authorisation for an extra year was proposed by the European Commission since the current authorisation is set to expire in mid-December while the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reassessment of the active substance will only become available in July 2023.

In October, EU countries blocked the Commission’s proposal at the Standing Committee of the EU Commission on Plants, Animals, Food and Feed (SCoPAFF), prompting the EU executive to appeal.

However, the second attempt to pass the regulation failed again on Tuesday (15 November) as, once again, there was no majority among member states in favour of glyphosate re-approval.

Contacted by EURACTIV, a Commission’s spokesperson expressed ‘regret’ that “despite a majority of member states supporting the Commission’s proposal, the necessary qualified majority was unfortunately not reached.”

The ball is now back again in the Commission’s court, as the College of Commissioners could now approve the rules on its own.

“The Commission now has a legal obligation to take a decision before the expiration deadline in mid-December,” the Commission spokesperson said.

The EU spokesperson confirmed to EURACTIV that the EU executive will now proceed to adopt the regulation that will extend the approval period of glyphosate by one year, namely until 15 December 2023.

Temporary extension of EU glyphosate approval hits roadblock

Several member states blocked the temporary extension of the EU approval of the controversial pesticide glyphosate for one more year on Friday (14 October) after it failed to reach the necessary majority.

However, the campaign group Pesticide Action Network (PAN Europe) still hopes that the Commission could ultimately change its mind proposing an immediate ban on the pesticide instead of giving a ‘blank cheque’ to glyphosate for another year.

“Today’s vote is a strong signal towards the European Commission that we need to phase out glyphosate once and for all,” said Gergely Simon, PAN Europe’s chemical officer.

On the other hand, the Glyphosate Renewal Group (GRG) – a group of agrochemical companies which together are applying for the substance’s renewed approval – is confident t

"Legal migration key to rebalancing EU’s demography, Commissioner says

It will be hard for the EU to solve its ‘demographic problem’ with the absence of legal migration, European Commission Vice-President Dubravka Šuica told EURACTIV in a video interview on the day the global population reached 8 bi"

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"llion.

“According to predictions, in 2070 Europe will be only 4% of the world population. So we have to put this into balance. And this is the reason why we are interested in global demography,” the Commission Vice-President said.

Europe currently accounts for nearly 10% of the world’s population. However, according to Eurostat figures, in 2021 just over a fifth of the EU’s population was 65 and older, and that demographic is increasing in every member state.

Over the last 50 years, age expectancy has increased by a decade within the EU, due to improvements in medicine and health services.

Šuica argued that, in order to maintain demographic balance between Europe and other continents, migration will be key, despite it being a sensitive topic, highlighting the African continent – the world’s youngest – in particular.

What the EU is doing

While demography is mostly a member state competence, Šuica emphasised that the EU has the ability to apply various measures to affect population distribution.

“We are trying to create [an] environment for young families to thrive,” the Vice-President said, highlighting the EU’s cohesion policy.

Šuica cited various EU funds targeted at assisting member states, regions, municipalities and cities to be better equipped in terms of infrastructure so that EU residents can have a more “prosperous” life.

The same strategy is applicable to rural areas, the Vice-President said, adding that such areas are “very important” as they make up 80% of Europe’s geographical area, while housing only a third of its population. As such, rural areas are a focal point of the Commission’s work in assisting migration to these areas.

[Edited by Nathalie Weatherald]

https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/video/legal-migration-key-to-rebalancing-eus-demography-commissioner-says/?utm_source=piano&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=9715&pnespid=qOViAT4ePfNB2vTevmrkCYuXtBKgDIN4dumtzfVq9wFmaW2.nxqz_HbiX_CF7WLwS3DxiL085g

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