Let's dive into the life and work of Allan Kardec, the founder of Spiritism, exploring the philosophy, history, and impact of this 19th-century movement. Kardec, a French educator, sought to bridge the gap between spirituality and science by codifying Spiritism—a system based on communication with spirits, reincarnation, and moral evolution. We examine his key works, including The Spirits' Book and The Mediums' Book, and discuss Spiritism’s influence on French intellectual circles and its rapid growth in Brazil, where it evolved into a major religious movement.

Join me as we explore how Kardec’s Spiritism offers answers to profound existential questions, the nature of the spirit world, and the ethical framework it provides for understanding human suffering and inequality. The episode also touches on Spiritism’s connections to broader esoteric traditions and modern occult movements.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY 📚

Aubrée, M., & Laplantine, F. (1990). La Table, le Livre et les Esprits: Naissance, évolution et actualité du mouvement social spirite entre France et Darwin, C. (1859). On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. John Murray.

Greenfield, S. M. (2008). Spirits with scalpels: The cultural biology of religious healing in Brazil. Left Coast Press.

Hanegraaff, W. J. (2006). Dictionary of Gnosis & Western Esotericism. Brill.

Hause, S., & Kenney, A. (1984). Women's suffrage and social politics in the French Third Republic. Princeton University Press.

Hess, D. J. (1991). Spirits and scientists: Ideology, Spiritism, and Brazilian culture. Pennsylvania State University Press.

Kardec, A. (n.d.). Biografia de Allan Kardec. Federação Espírita Brasileira. https://www.febnet.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Biografia-de-Allan-Kardec.pdf

Kardec, A. (1857/2008). The Spirits' Book (A. Blackwell, Trans.). Federação Espírita Brasileira.

Kardec, A. (1858/1999). What is Spiritism? (H. Wood, Trans.). International Spiritist Council.

. Federação Espírita Brasileira.

Kardec, A. (1864/2004). The Gospel According to Spiritism (J. Duncan, Trans.). International Spiritist Council.

Kardec, A. (1864/2009). The Gospel according to Spiritism (J. Duncan, Trans.). Spiritist Alliance for Books.

Lachapelle, S. (2011). Investigating the supernatural: From Spiritism and occultism to psychical research and metapsychics in France, 1853–1931. Johns Hopkins University Press.

Lewgoy, B. (2008). A transnacionalização do Espiritismo Kardecista brasileiro: Uma discussão inicial [The transnationalization of Brazilian Kardecist Spiritism: An initial discussion]. Religião & Sociedade, 28(1), 151-177.

Monroe, J. W. (2008). Laboratories of faith: Mesmerism, Spiritism, and occultism in modern France. Cornell University Press.

Moreira-Almeida, A. (2008). Allan Kardec and the development of a research program in psychic experiences. In C. M. Moreman (Ed.), The spiritualist movement: Speaking with the dead in America and around the world (Vol. 2, pp. 231-244). Praeger.

Oppenheim, J. (1985). The other world: Spiritualism and psychical research in England, 1850-1914. Cambridge University Press.

Sharp, L. L. (2006). Secular spirituality: Reincarnation and spiritism in nineteenth-century France. Lexington Books.

Stoll, S. J. (2016). Spiritism and the discourse of unity: Otherness, syncretism, and the aesthetics of locality in the Brazilian religion of the spirits. Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology, 21(1), 80-101.

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