The Two Humans get to the bottom of human existence (literally). This may be a two-flusher!

Episode 27: The 4-1-1 on 1 and 2, OR, The Lowdown on Sit Downs

An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans

Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.

www.intro2anthro.podbean.com

https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542

IG @introtoanthrowith2humans

Resources:

Barlow, Ronald S.

1992 The Vanishing American Outhouse: Privy Plans, Photographs, Poems, and Folklore. Windmill Publishing Company, El Cajon, CA.

Baldwin, Peter C.

2014 Public Privacy: Restrooms in American Cities, 1869-1932. Journal of Social History, Winter 2014, Vol. 48, No. 2 (Winter 2014), pp. 264-288.

Blumer, Ronald H.

2013 Wiped: The Curious History of Toilet Paper. Middlemarch Media Press, New York, NY.

Cleveland Clinic 

2023 Digestive System. Cleveland Clinic, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/7041-digestive-system.

Flanagan, Maureen

2014 Private Needs, Public Space. Urban History, Vol. 41, No. 2 (May 2014), pp. 265-290.

Greene, Kevin and Tom Moore

2010 Archaeology: An Introduction (Fifth Edition). Routledge, London, UK.

Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride

2011 Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Nineth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.

Horan, Julie L

1996 The Porcelain God: A Social History of the Toilet. Carol Publishing Group, Secaucus, NJ.

Joyce, James

1922 Ulysses. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY.

Kitchin, Rob and Robin Law

2001 The Socio-Spatial Construction of (In)accessible Public Toilets. Urban Studies, February 2001, Vol. 38, No. 2, Special Issue: The Barrier Free City (February 2001), pp. 287-298.

Koloski-Ostrow, Ann Olga

2015 The Archaeology of Sanitation in Roman Italy: Toilets, Sewers and Water Systems. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.

Magness, Jodi

2012 What’s the Poop on Ancient Toilets and Toilet Habits? Near Eastern Archaeology, Vol. 75, No. 2 (June 2012), pp. 80-87.

Melosi, Martin V. 

1981 Garbage in the Cities: Refuse, Reform, and the Environment, 1880-1980. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, TX.

Overall, Christine

2007 Public Toilets: Sex Segregation Revisited. Ethics and the Environment, Fall, 2007, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Fall, 2007), pp. 71-91.

The Portland Loo

2022 Weird American Bathroom Customs Other Countries Don’t Understand. PortlandLoo.com, May 4, 2022, https://portlandloo.com/weird-american-bathroom-customs-other-countries-dont-understand/.

Romano, Andrea

2023 Bathroom Etiquette Around the World So You Can Know Before You Go. Travel and Leisure, August 28, 2023, https://www.travelandleisure.com/travel-tips/travel-etiquette/bathroom-etiquette-around-the-world.

Todd, Ian Scott

2012 Dirty Books: Modernism and the Toilet. Modern Fiction Studies, Summer 2012, Vol. 58, No. 2 (Summer 2012), pp. 191-213.

Wells, Corin

2021 [Survey] Are You Guilty of These Weird and Unhealthy Bathroom Habits? Tushy, March 1, 2021, https://hellotushy.com/blogs/the-posterior/bathroom-habits#.

The Two Humans discuss the issues of raising chimpanzees as humans—and it’s not just picking out their wardrobe!

Episode 26: Bad Times for Bonzo: Things to Consider before Raising Chimps as Humans From Bonzo to Bubbles, from Chim Chim to Nim.

An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans

Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.

www.intro2anthro.podbean.com

https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542

IG @introtoanthrowith2humans

Resources:

2012 Andrew Oberle: Texas Graduate Student Fights for Life After Chimp Attack. ABC News, June 29, 2012, abcnews.go.com/International/chimp-attack-texas-graduate-student-andrew-oberle-fights/story?id=16683989.

American Museum of Natural History

2023 DNA: Comparing Humans and Chimps. AMNH.org, www.amnh.org/exhibitions/ permanent/human-origins/understanding-our-past/dna-comparing-humans-and-chimps#:~:text=Humans%20and%20chimps%20share%20a,--and%20yet%20so%20different%3F.

Arbib, Michael A., Katja Liebal, and Simone Pika

2008 Primate Vocalization, Gesture, and the Evolution of Human Language. Current Anthropology, Vol. 49, No. 6 (December 2008), pp. 1053.

Cantor, Carla

2019 Project Nim Revisited. Columbia News, October 11, 2019, news.columbia.edu/ news/chimpanzee-language-project-nim-herbert-terrace.

Casady, Michelle

2012 Oliver, Famed Chimpanzee, Dies. My San Antonio, June 2, 2012, www.mysanantonio.com/news/local/article/oliver-famed-chimpanzee-dies-3605135.php.

De Cordova, Frederick (Director)

1951 Bedtime for Bonzo [Film]. Universal-International.

Denny, Rita

1985 Marking the Interaction Order: The Social Constitution of Turn Exchange and Speaking Turns. Language in Society, Mar., 1985, Vol. 14, No. 1 (Mar., 1985), pp. 41-62.

Dimri, Bipin

2021 The Strange Story of Oliver: Human, Chimpanzee, or a “Humanzee”? Historic Mysteries, October, 7, 2021, www.historicmysteries.com/oliver-chimpanzee/.

Feder, Kenneth L.  and Michael Alan Park

2007 Human Antiquity: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.

Gruttadaro, Andrew

2018 A Surprisingly Deep History of Celebrities Being Attacked by Primates. The Ringer, February 23, 2018, www.theringer.com/movies/2018/2/23/ 17045066/monkey-attacks-celebrity-hayden-panettiere 

Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride

2011 Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Nineth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.

Hess, Elizabeth

2008 Nim Chimpsky: The Chimp Who Who Would Be Human. Bantam Books, New York, NY.

Hess, Laurie, Jose Biascoechea, Laura Brazelton, Orlando Figueroa-Diaz, et al.

2011 Exotic Animals: Appropriately Owned Pets or Inappropriately Kept Problems? Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, March 2011, Vol. 25, No. 1 (March 2011), pp. 50-56.Hill, Jane H.

1978 Apes and Language. Annual Review of Anthropology, 1978, Vol. 7 (1978), pp. 89-112.

Kappala-Ramsamy, Gemma

2011 Nim Chimpsky: The Chimp They Tried to Turn into a Human. The Guardian, July 23, 2011, www.theguardian.com/film/2011/jul/24/project-nim-chimpsky-chimpanzee-language.

Li, David K. and Kurt Chirbas

2021 Oregon Deputy Fatally Shoots Chimpanzee after It Bites Owner’s Daughter. NBC News, June 23, 2021, www.nbcnews.com/news/animal-news/oregon-deputy-fatally-shoots-chimpanzee-after-it-bites-owner-s-n1272105.

Marks, Jonathan

2002 What It Means to Be 98% Chimpanzee: Apes, People, and Their Genes. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.

Marsh, James (Director)

2011 Project Nim [Film]. HBO Documentary Films, BBC Films, and UK Film Council.

Nasaw, Daniel

2009 Chimpanzee Biographer: “You Can’t Trust Them.” The Guardian, February 19, 2009, www.theguardian.com/world/deadlineusa/2009/feb/19/usa-animals.

National Human Genome Research Institute

2023 Eugenics and Scientific Racism. National Human Genome Research Institute, www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Eugenics-and-Scientific-Racism.

NPR

2011 ‘Project Nim’: A Chimp’s Very Human, Very Sad Life. Fresh Air, July 20, 2011, www.npr.org/2011/07/20/138467156/project-nim-a-chimps-very-human-very-sad-life.

Pierson, David and Mitchell Landsbergy

2005 Woman Describes Being Attacked by Chimps at Sanctuary. The Washington Post, March 6, 2005, www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics /2005 /03/06/ woman-describes-being-attacked-by-chimps-at-sanctuary/829b53a5-adfd-4a10-be6d-a8ba764b0c1e/.

Savage-Rumbaugh, Sue, Duane M. Rumbaugh, and Sarah Boysen

1980 Do Apes Use Language? One Research Group Considers the Evidence for Representational Ability in Apes. American Scientist, January-February 1980, Vol. 68, No. 1 (January-February 1980), pp. 49-61.

Sherringham, Tia

2008 Mice, Men, and Monsters: Opposition to Chimera Research and the Scope of Federal Regulation. California Law Review, Jun., 2008, Vol. 96, No. 3 (Jun., 2008), pp. 765-800.

Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History

2023 What Does It Mean to Be Human? Humanorigins.si.edu, humanorigins.si.edu/ evidence/genetics#:~:text=The%201.2%25%20chimp-human%20distinction, that%20chimpanzees%20and%20humans%20share.

Van Cantfort, Thomas E. and James Rimpau

1982 Sign Language Studies with Children and Chimpanzees. Sign Language Studies, Spring 1982, No. 34 (Spring 1982), pp. 15-72.

The Two Humans confront their own mortality when they ask the question, “Is there laughter in the Sweet Hereafter?”

Episode 25: So You’re Dead, Now What? 

An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans

Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.

www.intro2anthro.podbean.com

https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542

IG @introtoanthrowith2humans

Resources:

Aries, Philippe

1981 The Hour of Our Death: The Classic History of Western Attitudes Toward Death over the Last One Thousand Years (Helen Weaver, trans.). Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York, NY.

Baugher, Sherene and Richard F. Veit

2014 The Archaeology of American Cemeteries and Gravemarkers. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, FL.

Benjamin, Kathy

2013 Funerals to Die For: The Craziest, Creepiest, and Most Bizarre Funeral Traditions and Practices Ever. Adams Media, Avon, MA.

Bullock, Steven C. and Sheila McIntyre

2012 The Handsome Tokens of a Funeral: Glove-Giving and the Large Funeral in Eighteenth Century New England. The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 69, No. 2 (April 2012), pp. 305-346.

CBC

2023 English River First Nation Finds Potential Unmarked Graves in, around School Cemetery. CBC, August 10, 2023, ca.news.yahoo.com/english-river-first-nation-finds-190622847.html.

Crane, Lisa

2023 Unmarked Graves to Be Moved at an Alabama Zoo. WVTM 13, August 4, 2023, www.wvtm13.com/amp/article/unmarked-graves-to-be-moved-at-birmingham-zoo/44727703#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16940596954712&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com.

Curry, Andrew

2016 Mysterious Graves Discovered at Ancient European Cemetery. National Geographic, February 11, 2016, www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/ article/160211-oldest-cemetery-burial-europe-baby-upright-germany-hunter-gatherer.

Danbolt, Lars

1997 A Time to Mourn. Archiv fur Religionpsychologie/Archive for the Psychology of Religion, Vol. 22 (1997), pp. 250-272.

Dreman, Sue

2023 Native American Graves Found at Elco Yards Development in Redwood City. Palo Alto Online, October 9, 2023, www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2023 /10/09/native-american-graves-found-at-elco-yards-development-in-redwood-city.

Faunce, William A. and Robert L. Fulton

1958 The Sociology of Death: A Neglected Area of Research. Social Forces, Mar., 1958, Vol. 36, No. 3 (Mar., 1958), pp. 205-209.

Feder, Kenneth L. and Michael Alan Park

2007 Human Antiquity: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.

Golembiewski, Kate

2023 A “Flower Burial” Unearthed in 1960 Reshaped the Study of Neanderthals. A New Discovery Calls It into Question.” CNN, September 6, 2023, www.cnn.com/ 2023/09/06/world/neanderthal-burial-flower-pollen-scn/index.html.

Greene, Kevin and Tom Moore

2010 Archaeology: An Introduction (Fifth Edition). Routledge, Abingdon, UK.

Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride

2011 Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Nineth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.

Hepburn, Allan

2014 The Irish Way of Dying: “Ulysses” and Funeral Processions. The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies, 2014, Vol. 38, No. 1/2 , Special Issue: Text and Beyond Text: New Visual, Material, and Spatial Perspectives in Irish Studies (2014), pp. 184-207.

Kubler-Ross, Elisabeth and David Kessler

2005 On Grief & Grieving: Finding the Meaning of Grief through the Five Stages of Loss. Scribner, New York, NY.

Maciel, Vanessa

2023 Site of Remains Found at NMHU Not Seen As Crime Scene. The Las Vegas Optic, August 31, 2023, www.lasvegasoptic.com/news/community/site-of-remains-found-at-nmhu-not-seen-as-crime-scene/article_d2f2f134-4804-11ee-80fb-bfaf7f460dcd.html.

McLaughlin, Grant

2023 Historic Black Cemetery Project Discovers 40 Unmarked Graves. The Dispatch, July 31, 2023, cdispatch.com/news/historic-black-cemetery-project-discovers-40-unmarked-graves/.

Melville, Greg

2022 Over My Dead Body: Unearthing the Hidden History of America’s Cemeteries. Abrams Press, New York, NY.

Mitford, Jessica

1998 The American Way of Death Revisited. Vintage Books, New York, NY.

Nakamaki, Hirochika

1986 Continuity and Change: Funeral Customs in Modern Japan. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, Jun. – Sep., 1986, Vol. 13, No. 2/3, Religion and Society in Contemporary Japan (Jun. – Sep., 1986), pp. 177-192.

National Park Service

2023 Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. National Park Service, www.nps.gov/subjects/nagpra/getting-started.htm.

Noha, Erin

2023 Marinette’s Unmarked Graves to Receive Long-Awaited Memorial. Eagle Herald, August 28, 2023, www.ehextra.com/news/marinette-s-unmarked-graves-to-receive-long-awaited-memorial/article_3bf908a8-41d4-11ee-8dc9-5f5fe83517f9.html.

Parker, Halle

2023 Experts Raise Concern about Unmarked Graves on Site of $4.5 Billion Hydrogen Plant. WWNO – New Orleans Public Radio, April 14, 2023, www.wwno.org/ coastal-desk/2023-04-14/experts-raise-concerns-about-unmarked-graves-on-site-of-4-5-billion-hydrogen-plant.

Rousselot, V. Wilfried

2023 The Rituals of Farewell: Exploring Funeral Practices around the World. V. Wilfried Rousselot, Coppell, TX.

Snider, Tui

2017 Understanding Cemetery Symbols: A Field Guide for Historic Graveyards. Castle Azle Press, Azle, TX.

Tritton, A. S.

1938 Muslim Funeral Customs. Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London, 1938, Vol. 9, No. 3 (1938), pp. 653-661.

Watkins, Christina

2023 More Than a Dozen Possible Graves Found underneath Road Leading to Historic Oviedo Cemetery. WESH 2, June 23, 2023, www.wesh.com/ article/graves-oviedo-cemetery/44316237#.

In this holiday episode, The Two Humans have a heart-to-heart about systemic racism when they are visited by the Ghost of Christmas Past.

Episode 24 - Redlines and Reindeers: A Christmas Story for a Supposedly Post-Racial World

An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans

Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.

www.intro2anthro.podbean.com

https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542

IG @introtoanthrowith2humans

Resources:

Bethencourt, Fracisco

2013 Racisms: From the Crusades to the Twentieth Century. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

Ferraro, Gary and Susan Andreatta

2012 Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.

Golash, Tanya Maria

2019 Race and Racisms: A Critical Approach (Brief Second Edition). Oxford University Press, New York, NY.

Johnson County, Kansas Museum

2022 Redlined: Cities, Suburbs, Segregation. Johnson County Park and Recreation District, Shawnee Mission, KS.

Kottak, Conrad Phillip

2011 Cultural Anthropology: Appreciating Cultural Diversity, Fourteenth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.

Memmi, Albert

2000 Racism (Steve Martinot, trans.). University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.

Morris, Aldon D.

1984 The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change. The Free Press, New York, NY.

Mueller, Jennifer C.

2017 Producing Colorblindness. Social Problems, May 2017, Vol. 64, No. 2 (May 2017), pp. 219-238, 332.

Perez, Raul

2013 Learning to Make Racism Funny in the “Color-Blind” Era: Stand-up Comedy Students, Performance Strategies, and the Reproduction of Racist Jokes in Public. Discourse & Society, July 2013, Vol. 24, No. 4 (July 2013), pp. 478-503.

2017 Racism without Hatred? Racist Humor and the Myth of “Color-Blindness.” Sociological Perspectives, October 2017, Vol. 60, No. 5, Special Issue: New Frontiers in the Study of Colorblind Racism (October 2017), pp. 956-974.

Wilkerson, Isabel

2020 Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents. Random House, New York, NY.

The Two Humans paint their faces and tear their shirts as they investigate why football makes people so damn crazy.

Episode 23 - Football Fans and Football Fools: The Divine Madness of Sports Fandom

An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans

Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.

www.intro2anthro.podbean.com

https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542

IG @introtoanthrowith2humans

Resources:

Besnier, Niko, Susan Brownell, and Thomas F. Carter

2018 The Anthropology of Sport: Bodies, Borders, Biopolitics. University of California Press, Oakland, CA.

Brown, Timothy P.

2020 How Football Became Football: 150 Years of the Game’s Evolution. Brown House Publishing, West Bloomfield, MI.

Bruyneel, Kevin

2016 Race, Colonialism, and the Politics of Indian Sports Names and Mascots: The Washington Football Team Case. Native American and Indigenous Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2 (2016), pp. 1-24.

Herrera, Eduardo

2018 Masculinity, Violence, and Deindividuation in Argentine Soccer Chants: The Sonic Potentials of Participatory Sounding-in Synchrony. Ethnomusicology, Vol. 62, No. 3 (Fall 2018), pp. 470-499.

Keys, Barbara

2013 Senses and Emotions in the History of Sport. Journal of Sports History, Vol. 40, No. 1 (Spring 2013), pp.21-38.

Lomax,Michael E.

1999 The African American Experience in Professional Football. Journal of Social History, Autumn, 1999, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Autumn, 1999), pp. 163-178.

Maffesoli, Michel

1996 The Time of the Tribes: The Decline of Individualism in Mass Society (Don Smith, Trans.). Sage Publications, London, UK. 

Mandelbaum, Michael

2004 The Meaning of Sports. Public Affairs, New York, NY.

Merrill, George E.

1903 Is Football Good Sport? The North American Review, Vol. 177, No. 564 (Nov., 1903), pp. 758-765.

Meyers, Chistopher C.

2009 “Unrelenting War on Football”: The Death of Richard Von Gammon and the Attempt to Ban Football in Georgia. The Georgia Historical Quarterly, Winter 2009, Vol. 93, No. 4 (Winter 2009), pp. 388-407.

Morris, Desmond

1981 The Soccer Tribe. Rizzoli, New York, NY.

Murrin, John M.

2001 Rites of Domination: Princeton, the Big Three, and the Rise of Intercollegiate Athletics. The Princeton University Library Chronicle, Vol. 62, No. 2 (Winter 2001), pp. 161-206.

Senkbeil, Karsten

2016 Unpopular Sport Teams and the Social Psychology of ‘Anti-Fans.’ Unpopular Culture (ed. Martin Luthe and Sascha Pohlman). Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Smith, Thomas G. 

1988 Outside the Pale: The Exclusion of Blacks from the National Football League, 1934-1946. Journal of Sport History, Winter, 1988 (Vol. 15, No. 3, Special Issue: The Black Athlete in American Sport (Winter, 1988), pp. 255-281.

Stroeken, Koen

2002 Why ‘The World’ Loves Watching Football (And ‘The Americans’ Don’t). Anthropology Today, Jun., 2002, Vol. 18, No. 3 (Jun., 2002), pp. 9-13.

In this “very special” episode of I2AW2H, The 2H’s get real about addiction and recovery.

Episode 22: Dragons, Demons, and Monkeys

An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans

Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.

www.intro2anthro.podbean.com

https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542

IG @introtoanthrowith2humans

Resources:

Anonymous

1855 Improper Use of Laudanum. Scientific American, Vol. 10, No. 41 (June 23, 1855), p. 325.

Berridge, Virginia

1978 Opium over the Counter in Nineteenth Century England. Pharmacy in History, Vol. 20, No. 3 (1978), pp. 91-100.

Berridge, Virginia and Sarah Mars

2004 History of Addictions. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health (1979-), Vol. 58, No. 9 (Sep., 2004), pp. 747-750.

De Quincey, Thomas

1821 Confessions of an English Opium-Eater and Other Writings. Penguin Books, London, UK.

Dietler, Michael

2006 Alcohol: Anthropological/Archaeological Perspectives. Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 35 (2006), pp. 229-249. 

Dudley, Robert

2000 Evolutionary Origins of Human Alcoholism in Primate Frugivory. The Quarterly Review of Biology, Vol. 75, No. 1 (Mar., 2000), pp. 3-15.

2004 Ethanol, Fruit Ripening, and the Historical Origins of Human Alcoholism in Primate Frugivory. Integrative and Comparative Biology, Vol. 44, No. 4, In vivo Veritas: The Comparative Biology of Ethanol Consumption (Aug., 2004), pp. 315-323.

Finan,Christopher M.

2017 Drunks: An American History. Beacon Press, Boston, MA.

Fisher, Carl Erik

2022 The Urge: Our History of Addiction. Penguin Press, New York, NY.

Hickman, Timothy A.

2004 “Mania Americana”: Addiction and Modernity in the United States, 1870-1920. The Journal of American History, Vol. 90, No. 4 (Mar., 2004), pp. 1269-1294.

Kolb, Lawrence, A. G. Du Mez and Caroline Jean Acker

2006 The Prevalence and Trend Drug Addiction in the United States and Factors Influencing It (1924) [with Commentary]. Public Health Reports (1974-), Vol. 121, Supplement 1: Historical Collection 1878-2005 (2006), pp. 160-173.

Larson, Cedric

1937 The Drinkers Dictionary. American Speech, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Apr., 1937), pp. 87-92.

Linden, David J.

2011 The Irish Ether Drinking Craze. Psychology Today, June 1, 2011, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-compass-pleasure/201106/the-irish-ether-drinking-craze-0.

Logan, John Frederick

1974 The Age of Intoxication. Yale French Studies, No. 50, Intoxication and Literature (1974), pp. 81-94.

Maxwell, Milton A.

1950 The Washingtonian Movement. Quarterly Journal of Studies of Alcohol, Vol. 11, 410-452.

Musto, David F.

1991 Opium, Cocaine and Marijuana in American History. Scientific American, Vol. 265, No. 1 (July 1991), pp. 40-47.

National Institute on Drug Abuse

2023 Understanding Drug Use and Addiction DrugFacts. National Institute on Drug Abuse, nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/understanding-drug-use-addiction.

Psychology Today

2023 Causes of Addiction. Psychology Today – Addiction Center, www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/addiction/causes-addiction.

Schultes, Richard Evans

1940 Teonanacatl: The Narcotic Mushroom of the Aztecs. American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 42, No. 3, Part 1 (Jul. – Sep., 1940), pp. 429-443.

Sheikh, Knvul

2017 Why Do We Get Addicted to Things? Live Science, October 17, 2017, www.livescience.com/60694-why-do-we-get-addicted.html.

White, William L.

2014 Slaying the Dragon: The History of Addiction Treatment and Recovery in America, Second Edition. Chestnut Health Systems, Bloomington, IL.

The Two Humans sit up, roll over and beg, trying to answer the age-old question: “Who’s a good boy?”

Episode 21: Heavy Petting --Humans’ Love Affair with Cats and Dogs

An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans

Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.

www.intro2anthro.podbean.com

https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542

IG @introtoanthrowith2humans

Resources:

Bramley, Ellie Violet

2023 The Case against Pets: Is It Time to Give Up Our Cats and Dogs? The Guardian, September 13, 2023, www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2023/sep/13/the-case-against-pets-is-it-time-to-give-up-our-cats-and-dogs?ref=upstract.com.

Charles, Nickie

2014 ‘Animals Just Love You as You Are’: Experiencing Kinship across the Species Barrier. Sociology, August 2014, Vol. 48, No. 4 (August 2014), pp. 715-730.

Coren, Stanley

2003 The Pawprints of History: Dogs and the Course of Human Events. Free Press, New York, NY.

Du Toit, Jessica

2016 Is Having Pets Morally Permissible? Journal of Applied Philosophy, August 2016, Vol. 33, No. 3 (August 2016), pp. 327-343.

Flannery, Maura C.

2007 Dogs and Humans. The American Biology Teacher, Sep., 2007, Vol. 69, No. 7 (Sep., 2007), pp. 422-425.

Gabriel, Rami

2023 Why Do We Have Pets? The Culture of Domestication. Psychology Today, February 26, 2023, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/me-the-self-and-i/202302/why-do-we-have-pets.

Grier, Katherine C.

2006 Pets in America: A History. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.

Herzog, Hal

2010 Are Humans the Only Animals That Keep Pets? Psychology Today, June 18, 2010, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/animals-and-us/201006/are-humans-the-only-animals-that-keep-pets.

2011 Do Wild Baboons Kidnap Puppies for Pets? Psychology Today, December 21, 2011, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/animals-and-us/201112/do-wild-baboons-kidnap-puppies-pets.

Hobgood-Oster, Laura

2014 A Dog’s History of the World: Canines and the Domestication of Humans. Baylor University Press, Waco, TX.

Koudounaris, Paul

2020 A Cat’s Tale: A Journey through Feline History. Henry Holt and Company, New York, NY.

Kreilkamp, Ivan

2013 The Emotional Extravagance of Victorian Pet-Keeping. Victorian Review, Fall 2013, Vol. 39, No. 2, Special Issue: Extending Families (Fall 2013), pp. 71-74.

Lazenby, Francis D. 

1949 Greek and Roman Household Pets. The Classical Journal, Feb., 1949, Vol. 44, No. 5 (Feb., 1949), pp. 299-307.

Lilwall, Amy

2018 It’s Actually Pretty Weird That We Keep Pets As Animals. Literary Hub, September 20, 2018, lithub.com/its-actually-pretty-weird-that-we-keep-animals-as-pets/.

Pearson, Chris

2021 Dogopolis: How Dogs and Humans Made Modern New York, London, and Paris. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.

Phineas, Charles

1974 Household Pets and Urban Alienation. Journal of Social History, Spring 1974, Vol. 7, No. 3 (Spring, 1974), pp. 338-343.

Rogers, Nala

2017 Rare Human Syndrome May Explain Why Dogs Are So Friendly. Inside Science, July 19 2017, www.insidescience.org/news/rare-human-syndrome-may-explain-why-dogs-are-so-friendly.

Shipman, Pat

2021 Our Oldest Companions: The Story of the First Dogs. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Thomas, Keith

1983 Man and the Natural World: Changing Attitudes in England 1500-1800. Penguin Books, London, UK.

Vining, Joanne

2003 The Connection to Other Animals and Caring for Nature. Human Ecology Review, Winter 2003, Vol. 10, No. 2, Special Issue: Conservation Psychology (Winter 2003), pp. 87-99.

Vocelle, L. A.

2016 Revered and Reviled: A Complete History of the Cat. Great Cat Publications, Charlotte, NC.

Wrye, Jen

2009 Beyond Pets: Exploring Relational Perspectives of Petness. The Canadian Journal of Sociology/Cahiers canadiens de sociologie, Vol. 34, No. 4 (2009), pp. 1033-1063.

Yuhas, Daisy

2015 Why So Many People Have Pets. Scientific American, September 1, 2015, www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-so-many-people-have-pets/.

The Two Humans celebrate their twentieth episode with an “authentic” paleo luncheon. Check, please!

Episode 20: Catering for the Caveman—Authentic Cuisine vs. BC BS

An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans

Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.

www.intro2anthro.podbean.com

https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542

IG @introtoanthrowith2humans

Resources:

Agoulnik, Dorothy, Mathieu Pascal Lalonde, George S. Ellmore, and Nicola M. McKeown

2021 The Origin and Evolution of the Paleo Diet. Nutrition Today, May/June 2021, Volume 56, Issue 3, journals.lww.com/nutritiontodayonline/Fulltext/ 2021/05000/Part_1__The_Origin_and_Evolution_of_the_Paleo_Diet.4.aspx.

Barras, Colin

2016 Ancient Leftovers Show the Paleo Diet Was a Veggie Feast. New Scientist, December 5, 2016, www.newscientist.com/article/2115127-ancient-leftovers-show-the-real-paleo-diet-was-a-veggie-feast/.

Butler, Stephanie

2023 Going Paleo: What Prehistoric Man Actually Ate. History.com, May 17, 2023, www.history.com/news/going-paleo-what-prehistoric-man-actually-ate.

Chrzan, Janet and Kima Cargill

2022 Anxious Eaters: Why We Fall for Fad Diets. Columbia University Press, New York, NY.

Cordain, Loren

2002 The Paleo Diet: Lose Weight and Get Healthy by Eating the Foods You Were Designed to Eat. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. Curry, Andrew 2008 The Gladiator Diet. Archaeology, November/December 2008, Vol. 61, No. 6 (November/December 2008), pp. 28-30.

Davis, Madeleine

2013 Sorry, Neocavemen, but Your Paleo Diet is Pretty Much Bullshit. Jezebel, June 10, 2013, jezebel.com/sorry-neo-cavemen-but-your-paleo-diet-is-pretty-much-512277993.

Feder, Kenneth L. and Michael Alan Park

2007 Human Antiquity: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.

Guo, Yi, Rubi Wu, Guoping Sun, Yunfei Zheng, and Benjamin T. Fuller

2017 Neolithic Cultivation of Water Chestnuts (Trapa L.) at Tianluoshan (7000-6300 cal BP), Zhejian Province, China. Scientific Reports 7(1), November 24, 2017, www.researchgate.net/publication/321276154_Neolithic_cultivation_of_water_chestnuts_Trapa_L_at_Tianluoshan_7000-6300_cal_BP_Zhejiang_ Province_ China.

Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harald E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride 2008 Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Ninth Edition. Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.

Johnson, Adrienne Rose

2015 The Paleo Diet and the American Weight Loss Utopia, 1975-2014. Utopian Studies, Vol. 26, No. 1, Special Issue: Utopia and Food (2015), pp. 101-124.

Kingsley, Lisa

2023 The Seesawing History of Fad Diets. Smithsonian Magazine, February 7, 2023, www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/the-seesawing-history-of-fad-diets-180981586/.

LePage, Michael

2020 Earliest Roasted Root Vegetables Found in 170,000-year-old Cave Dirt. New Scientist, January 2, 2020, www.newscientist.com/article/2228880-earliest-roasted-root-vegetables-found-in-170000-year-old-cave-dirt/.

Lynch, Rene

2015 A Brief Timeline Shows How We’re Gluttons for Diet Fads. Los Angeles Times, February 28, 2015, www.latimes.com/health/la-he-diet-timeline-20150228-story.html.

Morell, Sally Fallon

2018 Nourishing Diets: How Paleo, Ancestral, and Traditional Peoples Really Ate. Grand Central Publishing, New York, NY.

Schoninger, Margaret

2014 Stable Isotope Analyses and the Evolution of Human Diets. Annual Review of Anthropology, 2014, Vol. 43 (2014), pp. 413-430.

Sept, Jeanne

2013 Review: A Mixed Buffet. Evolution, Vol. 67, No. 12 (December 2013), pp. 3688-3689.

Sillen, Andrew, Judith C. Sealy, and Nikolaas J. van der Merwe

1989 Chemistry and Paleodietary Research: No More Easy Answers. American Antiquity, Jul. 1989, Vol. 54, No. 3 (Jul., 1989), pp. 504-512.

Smith, Laura

2017 ‘The Drinking Man’s Diet’ Was the 1960s Ancestor to Atkins and Paleo—and It Was a Boozy Bestseller.” Timeline, September 27, 2017, timeline.com/drinking-mans-diet-carbs-82a38400bfff.

Wdowik, Melissa

2017 The Long, Strange History of Dieting Fads. College News: Colorado State University, November 7, 2017, source.colostate.edu/the-long-strange-history-of-dieting-fads/.

Wright, Jennifer

2016 Terrible Food Diets Throughout History. Racked, January 15, 2016, www.racked.com/2016/1/15/10725674/terrible-diets-from-history.

Voegtlin, Walter L.

1975 The Stone Age Diet. Vantage Press, Inc. New York, NY.

Wu, Katherine J.

2020 Humans Were Roasting Root Vegetables 170,000 Years Ago, Study Suggests. Smithsonian Magazine, January 7, 2020, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/humans-were-roasting-root-vegetables-170000-years-ago-study-suggests-180973913/,

Zuk, Marlene

2013 Paleofantasy: What Evolution Really Tells about Sex, Diet, and How We Live. W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY.

Get ready to get scared! The Two Humans celebrate Halloween by talking about ghosts!!

Episode 19: Busters, Hunters, and Believers: Ghosts and the People Who Love Them.

An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans

Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.

www.intro2anthro.podbean.com

https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542

IG @introtoanthrowith2humans

Resources:

Baruss, Imants

2001 Failure to Replicate Electronic Voice Phenomenon. Journal of Scientific Exploration, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 355-367.

Bath, Jo and John Newton

2006 “Sensible Proof of Spirits”: Ghost Belief during the Later Seventeenth Century. Folklore, Apr., 2006, Vol. 117, No. 1 (Apr., 2006), pp. 1-14.

Birchard, Robert

2019 What Can Science Tell Us about Death? The New York Academy of Sciences, September 30, 2019, www.nyas.org/news-articles/academy-news/is-there-life-after-death/.

Chabot, Kevin

2019 Queer Spectralities and Untimely Subjects. Revue Canadienne d’Etudes cinematographiques/Canadian Journal of Film Studies, Fall/Automne 2019, Vol. 28, No. 2 (Fall/Automne 2019), pp. 1-22.

Cheung, Theresa

2006 The Element Encyclopedia of Ghosts & Hauntings. Harper Element, New York, NY.

Courage, Katherine Harmon

2020 Scientific American vs. the Supernatural. Scientific American, September 1, 2020, www.scientificamerican.com/article/scientific-american-vs-the-supernatural/.

Davies, Owen

2007 The Haunted: A Social History of Ghosts. Palgrave MacMillan, Houndmill, UK.

Dickey, Colin

2016 Ghostland: An American History in Haunted Places. Viking, New York, NY.

George, Stephen C.

2021 Ghost Busted: When Science Meets the Supernatural. Discover Magazine, October 6, 2021, www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/ghost-busted-when-science-meets-the-supernatural.

Goldstein, Diane El, Sylvia Ann Grider, and Jeannie Banks Thomas

2007 Haunting Experiences: Ghosts in Contemporary Folklore. University Press of Colorado, Boulder, CO.

Hulick, Kathryn

2019 The Science of Ghosts. Science News Explores, October 31, 2019, www.snexplores.org/article/science-ghosts.

Kwilecki, Susan

2009 Twenty-First-Century American Ghosts: The After-Death Communication—Therapy and Revelation from beyond the Grave. Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Winter 2009), pp. 101-133.

Lowe, Jaime

2017 How to Tell a Ghost Story. The New York Times Magazine, February 10, 2017.

Owens, Susan

2017 The Ghost: A Cultural History. Tate Publishing, London, UK.

Radford, Benjamin

2022 The Shady Science of Ghost Hunting. Live Science, October 21, 2022, www.livescience.com/4261-shady-science-ghost-hunting.html. 2022 Are Ghosts Real? Live Science, October 31, 2022, www.livescience.com/26697-are-ghosts-real.html.

Reardon, Sara

2023 Burst of Brain Activity during Dying Could Explain Life Passing before Your Eyes. Science, May 1, 2023, www.science.org/content/article/burst-brain-activity-during-dying-could-explain-life-passing-your-eyes.

Roach, Mary

2005 Spook: Science Tackles the Afterlife. W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., New York, NY.

Schick, Jr., Theodore and Lewis Vaughn

2014 How to Think about Weird Things: Critical Thinking for a New Age, Seventh Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.

Spencer, Samuel

2023 The Science behind Seeing Ghosts. BBC, August 14, 2023, www.bbc.co.uk/ bbcthree /article/f8ce7277-5945-470a-b1ad-0c637d8265c1.

Storr, Will

2006 Will Storr vs. the Supernatural. Harper, New York, NY. Wiseman, Richard, Caroline Watt, Paul Stevens, Emma Greening, and Ciaran O’Keeffe

2002 An Investigation into the Alleged Haunting of Hampton Court Palace: Psychological Variables and Magnetic Fields. Journal of Parapsychology, 66(4), pp. 387-408. 2003 An Investigation into Alleged ‘Hauntings.’ British Journal of Psychology (2003), 94, pp. 195-211.

Birds do it, bees do it, even chimpanzees in the trees, do it. We're talking, of course, about self-love. The Two Humans discuss the matter that's always at hand.

Episode 18: A Furious Drive on the Ol' My-Five: A Handy History of Masturbation.

An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans

Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.

www.intro2anthro.podbean.com

https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542

IG @introtoanthrowith2humans

Resources:

Abbot, Elizabeth

2010 A History of Marriage: From Same Sex Unions to Private Vows and Common Law, the Surprising Diversity of a Tradition. Seven Stories Press, New York, NY.

Anonymous

1756 Onania or the Heinous Sin of Self-Pollution and All Its Frightful Consequences. H. Cooke, London, UK.

Baker, Robin and Mark A. Bellis

1995 Human Sperm Competition: Copulation, Masturbation, and Infidelity. Hard Nut Books, London, UK.

Block, Susan M.

2014 The Bonobo Way: The Evolution of Peace through Pleasure. Gardner & Daughters, Publishers, Beverly Hills, CA.

Brindle, Matilda, Henry Ferguson-Gow, Joseph Williamson, Ruth Thomsen, and Volker Sommer

2023 The Evolution of Masturbation Is Associated with Postcopulatory Selection and Pathogen Avoidance in Primates. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Biology B – Biological Sciences, Vol. 290, Issue 2000, June 2023, royalsocietypublishing. org/doi/epdf/10.1098/rspb.2023.0061.

Coontz, Stephanie

2005 Marriage, a History: How Love Conquered Marriage. Penguin Books, New York, NY.

Dearborn, Lester W.

1952 The Problem with Masturbation. Marriage and Family Living, Feb., 1952, Vol. 14, No. 1 (Feb., 1952), pp. 46-55.

De Waal, Frans and Frans Lanting

1997 Bonobos : The Forgotten Ape. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. Haynes, April R.

2015 Riotous Flesh: Women, Physiology, and The Solitary Vice in Nineteenth-Century America. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.

Incorvia, Darren

2023 When and Why Did Masturbation Evolve in Primates? A New Study Provides Clues. Science News, June 6, 2023, www.sciencenews.org/article/masturbation-evolve-primates.

Laqueur, Thomas W.

2003 Solitary Sex: A Cultural History of Masturbation. Zone Books, Brooklyn, NY.

Liu, Vic

2021 Bang: Masturbation for People of All Genders & Abilities. Microcosm Publishing, Portland, OR.

Moskowitz, Clara

2011 Why So Many Animals Evolved to Masturbate. LiveScience, February 23, 2011, www.livescience.com/12944-animals-evolved-masturbate.html.

Neuman, R. P.

1975 Masturbation, Madness, and the Modern Concepts of Childhood and Adolescence. Journal of Social History, Spring, 1975, Vol. 8, No. 3 (Spring, 1975), pp. 1-27.

Osbourne, Margaret

2023 Male Primate Masturbation May Have Evolved to Prevent STIs. Smithsonian Magazine, June 9, 2023, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/male-primate-masturbation-may-have-evolved-to-prevent-stis-180982320/.

Roth, Lateefah, Peer Briken, and Johannes Fuss

2022 Masturbation in the Animal Kingdom. The Journal of Sex Research, March 22, 2022, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35316107/.

Sagar, Soumya

2023 Male Masturbation in Primates Evolved to Cut Chance of Catching STIs. New Scientist, June 7, 2023, www.newscientist.com/article/2377320-male-masturbation-in-primates-evolved-to-cut-chance-of-catching-stis/.

Sample, Ian

2023 Origins of Masturbation Traced Back to Primates 40m Years Ago. The Guardian, June 6, 2023, www.theguardian.com/science/2023/jun/07/origins-masturbation-traced-back-primates-40m-years-ago.

Shelton, James D.

2010 Masturbation: Breaking the Silence. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, September 2010, Vol. 36, No. 3 (September 2010), pp. 157-158.

Thomsen, Ruth

2000 Sperm Competition and the Function of Masturbation in Japanese Macaques (Macaca Fuscata) (dissertation). Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, October 2000.

Tissot, M. D.

1832 Treatises on the Diseases Produced by Onanism (Translated from a New Edition of the French). Collins & Hannay, New York, NY.