This presentation discusses viral infections, viral structure and the relationship of viruses to the tree of life. A mathematical model is used to predict when a pandemic may diminish.

Penetration funnels are impact craters that form when a projectile strikes a target and transfers its energy without disintegrating. This can only happen when the target material can be displaced by the moving projectile without generating forces that break up the projectile.

The evidence to support a hypothesis must be comprehensive in order to be able to reach a scientifically valid conclusion.

The Glacier Ice Impact Hypothesis proposes that the Carolina Bays were created by oblique secondary impacts of glacier ice boulders ejected by an extraterrestrial impact on the Laurentide Ice Sheet.

The Carolina Bays and the Nebraska Rainwater Basins have withstood erosion from wind and water for many centuries, but their features are slowly being degraded. This presentation examines how the bays have responded to some of the destructive processes.

The Younger Dryas cataclysm brought death and destruction 12,900 years ago and triggered a global cooling event that lasted 1300 years.

The human obsession for understanding the movement of celestial bodies and the properties of light made it possible to deduce the chemical composition of the stars and planets.

This presentation discusses the Younger Dryas impact and evaluates methods for calculating the energy of the impact to derive the size of the asteroid or comet that caused the cataclysm.

This presentation discusses the mathematical model for calculating the size of the Younger Dryas comet and analyzes impacts of ice on various targets.

This presentation examines the possibility that some of the glacier ice projectiles that made the Carolina Bays could also have fallen on solid ground.