Episode 9 of Brandon Seale's podcast series on the Battle of Medina.

On August 4, 1813, after months of plotting, José Álvarez de Toledo personally arrived in San Antonio and overthrew Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara as commander-in-chief of the Republican Army of the North. Just as the Republicans found themselves more divided than ever, their most fearsome opponent to-date – Joaquín de Arredondo – began his march up the Laredo Road to challenge them.

At long, long last, our research team uncovers artifacts from the battle. Even better, we find cannonballs! And once we plot them on the map, a pattern begins to emerge…

Selected Bibliography
1813 Texas Declaration of Independence.
Anonymous. “Memoria de las cosas más notables…”
Bernsen, James A. The Lost War for Texas: Mexican Rebels, American Burrites, and the Texas Revolution of 1811 (2024).
De la Teja, Jesús F. San Antonio de Béxar: A Community on New Spain's Northern Frontier (1996).
Folsom, Bradley. Arredondo: Last Spanish Ruler of Texas and Northeastern New Spain (2017).
Martínez De Vara, Art. Tejano Patriot (2020).
Menchaca, Antonio. Memoirs (1937).
Navarro, José Antonio. “The Memoirs of José Antonio Navarro, Originally Appearing in the San Antonio Ledger in 1853.”
Schwarz, Ted, and Robert H. Thonhoff. Forgotten Battlefield of the First Texas Revolution: The Battle of Medina, August 18, 1813. (1985).
Texas State Historical Association. The Handbook of Texas Online.
Tijerina, Andrés. Tejanos and Texas under the Mexican Flag, 1821-1836 (1994).

www.BrandonSeale.com