Episode 7: Pale Blue Dot
E7.1 Rio to RuinE7.2 Mr Vice PresidentE7.3 Captain Planet
On Valentine’s Day, 1990, we humans received a love letter from space. NASA’s Voyager 1 probe, from its position somewhere out past Neptune, turned around and took a picture of Earth, gifting us the iconic image that planetary scientist Carl Sagan would dub the ‘pale blue dot’. In this episode, Emma and Chloe ask why, when the decade opened with such promise for our little speck of dust in space, we didn’t see the progress the 1990s promised when it came to environmental protection. They discuss the failure of global negotiations, the role of Emma’s favourite almost-president and environmental activist Al Gore, and why all of us promising to be ‘Planeteers’ wasn’t ever going to be enough.
LinksEllen Spears, Rethinking the American Environmental Movement post-1945 (especially Chapter 5, “Globalizing Environmentalism (1990-2000)”), Taylor and Francis, 2019, https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203081693
“Voyager 1’s Pale Blue Dot,” NASA Solar System Exploration, https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/536/voyager-1s-pale-blue-dot/
Tom Griffiths, “The planet is alive: Radical histories for uncanny times,” Griffith Review 63, 2018, https://www.griffithreview.com/articles/planet-is-alive-radical-history/
Niels von Kohl (Producer), “The Earth Summit,” UNTV, 1992, https://www.unmultimedia.org/avlibrary/asset/2078/2078993/
Clive Hamilton, “Australia hit its Kyoto target, but it was more a three-inch putt than a hole in one,” The Conversation, 16 July 2015, https://theconversation.com/australia-hit-its-kyoto-target-but-it-was-more-a-three-inch-putt-than-a-hole-in-one-44731
Marc Hudson, “A brief history of Al Gore’s climate missions to Australia,” The Conversation, 14 July 2017, https://theconversation.com/a-brief-history-of-al-gores-climate-missions-to-australia-81023
Steven Bernstein, The Compromise of Liberal Environmentalism, Columbia University Press, 2001, http://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-compromise-of-liberal-environmentalism/9780231120364
Adam Rome, The Genius of Earth Day: How a 1970 Teach-In Unexpectedly Made the First Green Generation, MacMillan, 2013, https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780865477742
Larissa Behrendt (Director), Maralinga Tjarutja, aired May 2020, https://iview.abc.net.au/show/maralinga-tjarutja
Tony Wright, Matthew Gledhill, Andrew McCathie and Andrew Byrne, “From the Archives 1995: World outrage as French prepare for bomb No 2,” The Herald, 6 September 1995, https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/from-the-archives-1995-world-outrage-as-french-prepare-for-bomb-no-2-20190830-p52mi9.html
Lauren Rickards and Mark Howden, “Climate adaptation is not a far-off idea – it's here and it affects us all,” Sydney Morning Herald, 11 January 2020, https://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/climate-adaptation-is-not-a-far-off-idea-it-s-here-and-it-affects-us-all-20200109-p53q7r.html
Carl Sagan's The Pale Blue Dot, carlsagan.com, 1990Al Gore Kyoto Excerpt, CSPAN, 1992 John Howard Address Excerpt, AustralianPolitics.com, 1997George HW Bush, Rio Earth Summit Excerpt, AP Archives, 1992

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Episode 6: Living Through History
We have been captivated by Black Lives Matters protests of the past two weeks, which started in the USA and have quickly spread across the world. In this episode, Chloe and Emma talk about the toppling of statues of imperialists, slave traders and white supremacists in Britain and the USA, comparisons with German history and the remembrance of Germany’s Nazi past, and return to a question they’ve asked before on the podcast: is Trump’s America fascist?
LinksBarely Gettin' By Season 1, Barely Gettin' Fascism, Parts 1 and 2: https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/barely-gettin-fascism-part-1/id1478594339?i=1000453795264 and https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/barely-gettin-fascism-part-2/id1478594339?i=1000454260342
Amia Srinivisan, ‘Under Rhodes’, London Review of Books, 31 March 2016 https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v38/n07/amia-srinivasan/under-rhodes
James Watts, ‘Edward Colston statue toppled: how Bristol came to see the slave trader as a hero and philanthropist’, The Conversation, 9 June 2020, https://theconversation.com/edward-colston-statue-toppled-how-bristol-came-to-see-the-slave-trader-as-a-hero-and-philanthropist-140271
Samuel Moyn, ‘The trouble with comparison’, New York Review of Books, 19 May 2020, https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2020/05/19/the-trouble-with-comparisons/
Susan Nieman, ‘There Are No Nostalgic Nazi Memorials’, The Atlantic, 14 September 2019, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/09/germany-has-no-nazi-memorials/597937/
Jasmine Aguilera, ‘Confederate Statues Are Being Removed Amid Protests Over George Floyd's Death. Here's What to Know’, Time, 10 June 2020, https://time.com/5849184/confederate-statues-removed/https://www.politico.com/story/2018/05/05/this-day-in-politics-may-5-1985-565776
Paul Daley, ‘Statues are not history. Here are six in Australia that need rethinking’, Guardian, 25 August 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/postcolonial-blog/2017/aug/25/statues-are-not-history-here-are-six-in-australia-that-need-rethinking
Heather Cox Richardson, How the South Won the Civil War: Oligarchy, Democracy, and the Continuing Fight for the Soul of America, Oxford University Press, 2020, https://global.oup.com/academic/product/how-the-south-won-the-civil-war-9780190900908?cc=us&lang=en&#
Adam Weinstein, “This is Fascism,” The New Republic, 2 June 2020, https://newrepublic.com/article/157949/fascism-america-trump-anti-police-george-floyd-protests?utm_content=buffer39854&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer
Cornel West, “A boot is crushing the neck of American democracy,” The Guardian, 1 June 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/01/george-floyd-protests-cornel-west-american-democracy

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S2 E5: The 90s at Home
E5.2 Australia at the End of History

This week, Chloe and Emma return to home shores to explore Australia in the 1990s. On the domestic front, Australia was led by three Prime Ministers: Bob Hawke, Paul Keating, and John Howard. They discuss the economic legacy of the Hawke/Keating era, and wonder if current debates about the enduring legacy of the Accords obscure the dramatic economic reforms pursued by the Howard Government. They discuss Keating’s efforts to further Aboriginal rights and the ensuing white backlash led by John Howard and Pauline Hanson.
LinksAmy McQuire: ‘We must bear witness to black deaths in our own country’ https://amymcquire.substack.com/p/we-must-bear-witness-to-black-deathsAlison Whittaker, ‘Despite 432 Indigenous deaths in custody, no one has ever been convicted. Racist silence and complicity are to blame’, https://theconversation.com/despite-432-indigenous-deaths-in-custody-no-one-has-ever-been-convicted-racist-silence-and-complicity-are-to-blame-139873
[Note: Chloe mistakenly said noone had been ‘arrested and charged’ over a death in custody. In 2019, murder charges were laid against two men, for the murders of, respectively, Joyce Clarke and Kumanjayi Walker https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jun/01/deaths-in-our-backyard-432-indigenous-australians-have-died-in-custody-since-2008]
Don Watson, Recollections of a Bleeding Heart, 2002.
Boris Frankel, ‘Beyond Labourism and Socialism: How the Australian Labor Party developed the Model of 'New Labour'’, New Left Review, 1/221, 1997 https://newleftreview.org/issues/I221/articles/boris-frankel-beyond-labourism-and-socialism-how-the-australian-labor-party-developed-the-model-of-new-labour [subscription required]
Frank Bongiorno, ‘Are we in Accord?’, Inside Story, 27 May 2020 https://insidestory.org.au/are-we-in-accord/
Elizabeth Humphrys, How Labor Built Neoliberalism: Australia’s Accord, the Labour Movement and the Neoliberal Project, Brill, 2019.‘The drink that started the Mueller investigation: George Papadopoulos and Alexander Downer tell us everything’ https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-05-24/mueller-investigation-george-papadopoulos-alexander-downer-speak/11107712
Robert Manne, “Little America: How John Howard has changed Australia,” and “The History Wars,” both in The Monthly, March 2006 and November 2009.https://www.themonthly.com.au/monthly-essays-robert-manne-little-america-how-john-howard-has-changed-australia-184#mtrhttps://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2009/november/1270703045/robert-manne/comment
Paul Keating question time excerpt - Australian Parliament HousePaul Keating in Indonesia News Story excerpt - ABC TV AustraliaJohn Hewson ‘Birthday Cake’ GST excerpt - Channel 9 NewsJohn Howard’s GST excerpt - ABC TV AustraliaGun Buyback news story excerpt - Channel 10 NewsJohn Howard’s Indigenous Rights excerpt - Liberal Party AustraliaGulf War News Story excerpt - Channel 9 NewsPort Arthur Massacre news story excerpt - ABC TV Australia

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S2 E5: The 90s at Home

E5.3 Australia in the World
This week, Chloe and Emma return to home shores to explore Australia in the 1990s. On the domestic front, Australia was led by three Prime Ministers: Bob Hawke, Paul Keating, and John Howard. They discuss the economic legacy of the Hawke/Keating era, and wonder if current debates about the enduring legacy of the Accords obscure the dramatic economic reforms pursued by the Howard Government. They discuss Keating’s efforts to further Aboriginal rights and the ensuing white backlash led by John Howard and Pauline Hanson.
LinksAmy McQuire: ‘We must bear witness to black deaths in our own country’ https://amymcquire.substack.com/p/we-must-bear-witness-to-black-deathsAlison Whittaker, ‘Despite 432 Indigenous deaths in custody, no one has ever been convicted. Racist silence and complicity are to blame’, https://theconversation.com/despite-432-indigenous-deaths-in-custody-no-one-has-ever-been-convicted-racist-silence-and-complicity-are-to-blame-139873
[Note: Chloe mistakenly said noone had been ‘arrested and charged’ over a death in custody. In 2019, murder charges were laid against two men, for the murders of, respectively, Joyce Clarke and Kumanjayi Walker https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jun/01/deaths-in-our-backyard-432-indigenous-australians-have-died-in-custody-since-2008]
Don Watson, Recollections of a Bleeding Heart, 2002.
Boris Frankel, ‘Beyond Labourism and Socialism: How the Australian Labor Party developed the Model of 'New Labour'’, New Left Review, 1/221, 1997 https://newleftreview.org/issues/I221/articles/boris-frankel-beyond-labourism-and-socialism-how-the-australian-labor-party-developed-the-model-of-new-labour [subscription required]
Frank Bongiorno, ‘Are we in Accord?’, Inside Story, 27 May 2020 https://insidestory.org.au/are-we-in-accord/
Elizabeth Humphrys, How Labor Built Neoliberalism: Australia’s Accord, the Labour Movement and the Neoliberal Project, Brill, 2019.‘The drink that started the Mueller investigation: George Papadopoulos and Alexander Downer tell us everything’ https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-05-24/mueller-investigation-george-papadopoulos-alexander-downer-speak/11107712
Robert Manne, “Little America: How John Howard has changed Australia,” and “The History Wars,” both in The Monthly, March 2006 and November 2009.https://www.themonthly.com.au/monthly-essays-robert-manne-little-america-how-john-howard-has-changed-australia-184#mtrhttps://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2009/november/1270703045/robert-manne/comment

Paul Keating question time excerpt - Australian Parliament HousePaul Keating in Indonesia News Story excerpt - ABC TV AustraliaJohn Hewson ‘Birthday Cake’ GST excerpt - Channel 9 NewsJohn Howard’s GST excerpt - ABC TV AustraliaGun Buyback news story excerpt - Channel 10 NewsJohn Howard’s Indigenous Rights excerpt - Liberal Party AustraliaGulf War News Story excerpt - Channel 9 NewsPort Arthur Massacre news story excerpt - ABC TV Australia

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S2 E5: The 90s at HomeE5.1 We did the dispossessingE5.2 Australia at the End of HistoryE5.3 Australia in the World
This week, Chloe and Emma return to home shores to explore Australia in the 1990s. On the domestic front, Australia was led by three Prime Ministers: Bob Hawke, Paul Keating, and John Howard. They discuss the economic legacy of the Hawke/Keating era, and wonder if current debates about the enduring legacy of the Accords obscure the dramatic economic reforms pursued by the Howard Government. They discuss Keating’s efforts to further Aboriginal rights and the ensuing white backlash led by John Howard and Pauline Hanson.
LinksAmy McQuire: ‘We must bear witness to black deaths in our own country’ https://amymcquire.substack.com/p/we-must-bear-witness-to-black-deathsAlison Whittaker, ‘Despite 432 Indigenous deaths in custody, no one has ever been convicted. Racist silence and complicity are to blame’, https://theconversation.com/despite-432-indigenous-deaths-in-custody-no-one-has-ever-been-convicted-racist-silence-and-complicity-are-to-blame-139873
[Note: Chloe mistakenly said noone had been ‘arrested and charged’ over a death in custody. In 2019, murder charges were laid against two men, for the murders of, respectively, Joyce Clarke and Kumanjayi Walker https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jun/01/deaths-in-our-backyard-432-indigenous-australians-have-died-in-custody-since-2008]
Don Watson, Recollections of a Bleeding Heart, 2002.
Boris Frankel, ‘Beyond Labourism and Socialism: How the Australian Labor Party developed the Model of 'New Labour'’, New Left Review, 1/221, 1997 https://newleftreview.org/issues/I221/articles/boris-frankel-beyond-labourism-and-socialism-how-the-australian-labor-party-developed-the-model-of-new-labour [subscription required]
Frank Bongiorno, ‘Are we in Accord?’, Inside Story, 27 May 2020 https://insidestory.org.au/are-we-in-accord/
Elizabeth Humphrys, How Labor Built Neoliberalism: Australia’s Accord, the Labour Movement and the Neoliberal Project, Brill, 2019.‘The drink that started the Mueller investigation: George Papadopoulos and Alexander Downer tell us everything’ https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-05-24/mueller-investigation-george-papadopoulos-alexander-downer-speak/11107712
Robert Manne, “Little America: How John Howard has changed Australia,” and “The History Wars,” both in The Monthly, March 2006 and November 2009.https://www.themonthly.com.au/monthly-essays-robert-manne-little-america-how-john-howard-has-changed-australia-184#mtrhttps://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2009/november/1270703045/robert-manne/comment
Paul Keating question time excerpt - Australian Parliament HousePaul Keating in Indonesia News Story excerpt - ABC TV AustraliaJohn Hewson ‘Birthday Cake’ GST excerpt - Channel 9 NewsJohn Howard’s GST excerpt - ABC TV AustraliaGun Buyback news story excerpt - Channel 10 NewsJohn Howard’s Indigenous Rights excerpt - Liberal Party AustraliaGulf War News Story excerpt - Channel 9 NewsPort Arthur Massacre news story excerpt - ABC TV Australia

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Chloe speaks to Dr Charlie Hunt, Senior Research Fellow in the Social & Global Studies Centre at RMIT University, about the UN’s role in conflict and peacekeeping in the 90s, the lessons it learned and what they mean for today.
Find out more about Charlie’s work at https://charlesthunt.com/ , and read his op-ed on the future of peacekeeping here: https://theconversation.com/why-covid-19-offers-a-chance-to-transform-un-peacekeeping-139416

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The end of the Cold War did not mean global peace. In this episode, Emma and Chloe talk about the US’ foreign policy, and how its interventions in foreign wars in the 1990s continue to shape the US’ global outlook today. They discuss the origins of the ideas of humanitarian warfare and liberal interventionism, and the US’ long history of foreign interventions; disasters in Somalia, Rwanda, and the former Yugoslavia; and the US ongoing debates about how, if it all, it can promote democracy outside its own borders.
ALSO – keep an eye out for a bonus episode, released Friday, where Chloe speaks to Dr Charlie Hunt from RMIT University about the UN’s role in peace and war in the 90s.
LinksSamantha Power, A Problem From Hell: America in the Age of Genocide, Basic Books, 2002https://www.basicbooks.com/titles/samantha-power/a-problem-from-hell/9780465050895/
Daniel Bessner, “The Fog of Intervention,” The New Republic, September 4, 2019https://newrepublic.com/article/154612/education-idealist-samantha-power-book-review
Jeffrey Goldberg, “The Obama Doctrine,” The Atlantic, April 2016https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/04/the-obama-doctrine/471525/
Dexter Filkins, “The Moral Logic of Humanitarian Intervention,” The New Yorker, September 2019.https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/09/16/the-moral-logic-of-humanitarian-intervention

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E4: A Decade of Peace? Wars in the 90sE4.1: Killing in the NameE4.2 Acts of GenocideE4.3 Problems from Hell
The end of the Cold War did not mean global peace. In this episode, Emma and Chloe talk about the US’ foreign policy, and how its interventions in foreign wars in the 1990s continue to shape the US’ global outlook today. They discuss the origins of the ideas of humanitarian warfare and liberal interventionism, and the US’ long history of foreign interventions; disasters in Somalia, Rwanda, and the former Yugoslavia; and the US ongoing debates about how, if it all, it can promote democracy outside its own borders.
ALSO – keep an eye out for a bonus episode, released Friday, where Chloe speaks to Dr Charlie Hunt from RMIT University about the UN’s role in peace and war in the 90s.
LinksSamantha Power, A Problem From Hell: America in the Age of Genocide, Basic Books, 2002https://www.basicbooks.com/titles/samantha-power/a-problem-from-hell/9780465050895/
Daniel Bessner, “The Fog of Intervention,” The New Republic, September 4, 2019https://newrepublic.com/article/154612/education-idealist-samantha-power-book-review
Jeffrey Goldberg, “The Obama Doctrine,” The Atlantic, April 2016https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/04/the-obama-doctrine/471525/
Dexter Filkins, “The Moral Logic of Humanitarian Intervention,” The New Yorker, September 2019.https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/09/16/the-moral-logic-of-humanitarian-intervention

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E4: A Decade of Peace? Wars in the 90sE4.1: Killing in the NameE4.2 Acts of GenocideE4.3 Problems from Hell
The end of the Cold War did not mean global peace. In this episode, Emma and Chloe talk about the US’ foreign policy, and how its interventions in foreign wars in the 1990s continue to shape the US’ global outlook today. They discuss the origins of the ideas of humanitarian warfare and liberal interventionism, and the US’ long history of foreign interventions; disasters in Somalia, Rwanda, and the former Yugoslavia; and the US ongoing debates about how, if it all, it can promote democracy outside its own borders.
ALSO – keep an eye out for a bonus episode, released Friday, where Chloe speaks to Dr Charlie Hunt from RMIT University about the UN’s role in peace and war in the 90s.
LinksSamantha Power, A Problem From Hell: America in the Age of Genocide, Basic Books, 2002https://www.basicbooks.com/titles/samantha-power/a-problem-from-hell/9780465050895/
Daniel Bessner, “The Fog of Intervention,” The New Republic, September 4, 2019https://newrepublic.com/article/154612/education-idealist-samantha-power-book-review
Jeffrey Goldberg, “The Obama Doctrine,” The Atlantic, April 2016https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/04/the-obama-doctrine/471525/
Dexter Filkins, “The Moral Logic of Humanitarian Intervention,” The New Yorker, September 2019.https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/09/16/the-moral-logic-of-humanitarian-intervention

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3.1 Things Can Only Get Better3.2 Goodbye, England’s Rose3.3 Different Class
In this episode, Emma and Chloe cross the Atlantic, moving on from ‘New Democrats’ to talk about ‘New Labour’. The 90s in Britain were a time when politicians, princesses, and pop stars promised modernisation of tired, worn-out traditions. But looking back on Tony Blair’s rise and the tragic death of Princess Di suggests not all was well beneath the surface of ‘Cool Britannia’. Chloe then goes on to explain why, in her opinion, some of the best explanations of what was really happening in Britain in the 90s came, in fact, from culture.
Links and sources‘Blair aide asked Keating for hate lessons’, SBS, 23 August 2013.Jonathan Davis, ‘History didn’t end with the fall of the Berlin Wall – but only now is the new battleground clear’, The Conversation, 7 November 2019.Noel Gallagher on *that* visit to Downing Street‘Tony Blair told Princess Diana her relationship with Dodi Fayed was a problem’, Guardian, 1 September 2010.Thomas Dixon, ‘History in British Tears’, The History of Emotions Blog, 10 September 2015.Hilary Mantel, ‘Royal Bodies’, London Review of Books, 21 February 2013.‘Greek finance minister responds to claim that wife was inspiration behind Pulp hit’, Guardian, 12 May 2015.
Owen Hatherley, ‘Pulp matter more than ever in today’s cowed cultural landscape’, Guardian, 15 June 2011.Owen Hatherley, Uncommon: An Essay on Pulp, Zero Books, 2011.And one video on Princess Di conspiracy theories
Common People by PulpWritten by: Jarvis Cocker, Nick Banks, Candida Doyle, Steve Mackey, Russell Senior
Cocaine Socialism by PulpWritten by: Jarvis Cocker, Nick Banks, Candida Doyle, Steve Mackey, Russell Senior, Mark Webber and Antony Genn
Tony Blair ‘Windfall Tax’ excerpt from UK Parliament
Queen Elizabeth II ‘Death of Princess Diana’ excerpt from AP Archives
Noel Gallagher ‘Downing Street Part Invitation’ excerpt from kinoLibrary at www.knolibrary.com Clip Ref DW022092
Tony Blair ‘Sinn Fein’ excerpt from UK Parliament
Tony Blair ‘The People’s Princess’ excerpt from AP Archives
Queen Elizabeth II ‘Annus Horribilis Speech’ from ITN Source

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