Behind the Ticker

In a recent episode of Behind the Ticker, Wayne Penello, founder of NextGen EMP, shared the fascinating journey that led him to launch the NextGen Efficient Market Portfolio Plus ETF (ticker: EMPB). With over 40 years of experience as a commodity trader—including a decade on the floor of the New York Mercantile Exchange and years advising global trading firms—Penello developed a deep understanding of risk management. He later patented the Performance Risk Management System, which earned his clients over $13 billion in hedging profits and was detailed in his book, Risk as an Asset. After selling his firm, Penello turned his attention to equities, frustrated by the industry’s overreliance on diversification and lack of active risk management, ultimately leading to the creation of EMPB.

EMPB is a long/short equity ETF designed to actively manage systemic market risk using a proprietary, statistically driven methodology Penello describes as a “foggy ball”—an imperfect but highly effective algorithm that identifies the weakest sectors (“nags of the market”) and shorts them to dampen volatility. Rather than attempting to predict market direction or time the best 90 days, the fund focuses on avoiding the worst periods, which historically have the most destructive impact on long-term performance. The ETF holds about 16 sector or thematic ETFs, balancing long and short exposures to achieve a Sharpe ratio above 2, with the aim of consistently outperforming the S&P 500 while maintaining a maximum drawdown of less than 10%.

A key differentiator for EMPB is its accessibility: Penello was determined to build a sophisticated hedge-fund-like strategy for everyday investors, not just accredited institutions. By launching as an ETF rather than a private fund, NextGen EMP made the strategy available to anyone with $25, offering hedge-fund-caliber active management in a tax-efficient, low-minimum format. Despite an advertised expense ratio of 2.21%, Penello explained that the effective net cost to investors is closer to 1% or less when accounting for the offsetting interest income from short positions and dividends on long holdings. The fund is rebalanced monthly.

Penello positioned EMPB as a core equity exposure solution rather than an alternatives sleeve, emphasizing its potential appeal to both young investors seeking equity growth with controlled risk and retirees who cannot afford major portfolio drawdowns. With a disciplined, systematic process that removes emotional decision-making and a structure that works efficiently within tax-advantaged accounts, EMPB represents what Penello calls the “next generation” of equity investing.

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In a recent episode of Behind the Ticker, Rob Harvey, Vice President at Dimensional Fund Advisors (DFA), shared his personal journey into asset management and gave an in-depth look at DFA’s unique approach to building portfolios, particularly their work in the ETF space. Harvey described how he first encountered Dimensional while managing external asset managers at Cisco Systems, where their emphasis on evidence-based investing and disdain for market predictions immediately stood out. After attending a Dimensional conference and hearing academic legends like Eugene Fama and Ken French present, Harvey was convinced and eventually joined DFA, relocating to Austin, Texas.

Harvey explained that DFA’s core mission is to help investors achieve their financial goals by providing investment solutions based on robust academic research, rather than focusing on marketing or chasing hot trends. He emphasized Dimensional’s long-standing partnership model with financial advisors, which prioritizes education, client communication, and long-term outcomes over product sales. This commitment to advisors and evidence-based investing remains central even as DFA expands its reach through ETFs, making their historically advisor-only strategies accessible to a broader audience without compromising their foundational principles.

The conversation focused heavily on DFA’s investment philosophy, particularly their emphasis on factors like size, value, and profitability, which are systematically applied across all portfolios. Harvey noted that DFA is highly disciplined in vetting new research before incorporating it into their strategies, ensuring that any new factors—such as profitability, which was added in 2012—meet a high bar for robustness and persistence across time and markets. DFA’s portfolios are managed actively on a daily basis, providing flexibility to capture real-world developments in ways traditional index funds cannot, while maintaining low fees and broad diversification.

Harvey also provided an overview of DFAI, Dimensional’s International Core Equity ETF. He described DFAI as a market-wide, low-tracking-error strategy that lightly tilts toward premiums like small size, value, and profitability, offering enhanced expected returns over a standard index fund. DFAI differs from traditional international index funds by including a broader set of securities, especially micro-caps, and by incorporating real-time momentum screens to avoid value traps and boost performance. Harvey positioned DFAI as an ideal core international equity holding for advisors seeking to move beyond passive indexing without sacrificing diversification or cost efficiency. 

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In a recent episode of Behind the Ticker, Clark Allen, Head of ETFs at Horizon Investments, shared his journey from public accounting and family office investing to leading Horizon’s entrance into the ETF space. With a deep background in institutional asset management and quantitative research, Allen joined Horizon to help bridge the gap between sophisticated investment strategies and emotionally resonant, goals-based planning for financial advisors and their clients. Horizon, founded in the mid-1990s, evolved from a wealth manager into a strategist firm with a focus on outcome-oriented models. Today, the firm offers a blend of mutual funds, OCIO services, and now, actively managed ETFs as part of its growing product suite.

Horizon’s ETF push began with two initial launches, BENJ and HBTA, and the firm has filed for seven more ETFs in 2024. Allen explained that Horizon’s motivation was largely advisor-driven—many advisors were already using Horizon’s mutual funds and model portfolios but needed ETF-based solutions to better integrate with their workflows. BENJ, the Horizon Landmark ETF, is a cash management strategy built around box spreads, offering a T-bill-plus total return without kicking off taxable income. Allen emphasized that this feature is ideal for model portfolios, particularly in retirement distribution strategies, where advisors need liquidity but prefer to manage tax exposure and reinvestment activity with precision.

HBTA, the firm’s second ETF, is designed as a high-beta equity strategy with put spreads to offer greater upside capture than the S&P 500. Allen described it as a product built for certainty—not to time markets, but to provide clear expectations around performance, particularly for advisors seeking risk-aligned tools for growth-oriented allocations. He noted that many advisors in Horizon’s OCIO network had asked for such solutions to complement their existing exposures without relying on small caps or thematic tech names.

What sets Horizon apart, according to Allen, is its emphasis on being a solution provider rather than a product pusher. The firm’s ETF lineup is crafted to fit within model portfolios and financial plans, not just to chase the latest trend. Horizon’s focus remains on outcome-driven investing, where each ETF serves a clear role—whether providing liquidity, risk-managed equity exposure, or a building block for custom advisor models. 

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In a recent special edition of Behind the Ticker recorded live at the Exchange ETF Conference, Paisley Nardini, Vice President and Client Portfolio Strategist at Simplify Asset Management, joined the show to discuss her path from bond trading to ETF strategy—and dive into Simplify’s Managed Futures Strategy ETF, ticker CTA. With a career that began on a bond trading desk and later evolved through roles at PIMCO and in institutional portfolio management, Nardini has developed a strong passion for bringing hedge-fund-caliber strategies to a broader investor base.

Simplify launched in 2020 following a key SEC rule change that expanded the use of derivatives in ETFs. Since then, the firm has grown to over $7 billion in AUM across 35 ETFs, becoming known for its innovative use of options and derivatives. While often categorized as an “alternative ETF issuer,” Nardini emphasized that Simplify’s lineup includes not only pure diversifiers like CTA but also core active fixed income and systematic equity strategies. She described CTA as a capital-efficient, hedge-fund-style managed futures fund focused solely on commodities and interest rate futures—excluding equities and currencies to offer a cleaner source of diversification.

CTA stands out by employing a multi-signal model composed of four drivers: trend, mean reversion, intermarket (or risk-off), and carry. The trend signal captures directional market movements across short, medium, and long-term timeframes. The mean reversion signal acts as a counterbalance, scaling exposure when trends become extended. The intermarket factor assesses cross-asset relationships—such as equities selling off while bonds rally—to adjust positioning dynamically. Finally, the carry signal evaluates the interest rate curve to avoid negative carry in periods of inversion. This hedge-fund-inspired, daily-rebalanced model is powered by research from Altis Partners, a UK-based CTA firm.

The fund uses futures contracts, which naturally embed leverage, but Simplify imposes a 25% margin-to-equity constraint to manage risk. Unlike many peers, CTA has no sector or position caps, allowing for high-conviction trades—such as its profitable exposure to the cocoa market in 2023. Nardini also addressed the ETF’s performance through volatile periods, highlighting its ability to pivot quickly, reduce drawdowns, and remain uncorrelated to both stocks and bonds. With negative correlation to equities and the potential for equity-like returns, CTA is increasingly being used as a key diversifier in modern model portfolios.

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In a recent special edition of Behind the Ticker recorded live at the Exchange ETF Conference, Matt Kaufman, Head of ETFs at Calamos Investments, joined the show to talk about Calamos’ expanding lineup of structured outcome ETFs—including their latest innovation: a suite of protected Bitcoin ETFs. With a legacy in risk-managed strategies, especially convertible bonds, Calamos has built a reputation over the past 50 years as a leader in delivering upside equity potential with downside protection, a philosophy that now extends to one of the most volatile asset classes—Bitcoin.

Kaufman introduced the firm’s new structured protection Bitcoin ETFs: CBOJ (100% downside protection), CBTJ (10% at risk), and CBTX (20% at risk), offering varying degrees of risk-reward profiles depending on an investor’s tolerance. These funds use a combination of zero-coupon U.S. Treasuries and option strategies built on a custom Bitcoin index developed with the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE). That index, tracking all 11 spot Bitcoin ETPs, enables Calamos to construct call spread strategies that allow for capped upside with predefined downside exposure—offering investors a much-needed safety net in the crypto space.

Kaufman explained how these ETFs are built: most of the portfolio is allocated to Treasuries to secure principal (e.g., 96% for the 100% protected product), while the remaining yield is used to buy a call spread on Bitcoin. The result is a defined one-year outcome period with options-based exposure to Bitcoin’s price movement. Kaufman emphasized the appeal of these products during periods of high volatility, noting that current upside caps are as high as 50–60% for the 20% floor product—making them attractive even amid Bitcoin’s recent drawdown.

Designed for both crypto-curious investors and advisors looking to include Bitcoin in client portfolios with risk control, the Calamos suite of protected Bitcoin ETFs fills a significant gap in the market. Whether used as a “risk-off” sleeve in a crypto model portfolio or as a bond-alternative with meaningful upside, these ETFs offer a more traditional framework for incorporating Bitcoin. 

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In a recent episode of Behind the Ticker, Jeff Cullen, Managing Director at Schafer Cullen Capital Management, sat down to discuss the firm’s first ETF, the Cullen Enhanced Equity Income ETF (ticker: DIVP). With over 30 years in the asset management industry and experience across mutual funds, SMAs, and ETFs, Cullen provided a deep dive into how the firm’s long-standing dividend-focused value strategy evolved into an actively managed ETF. Schafer Cullen, which manages over $24 billion in assets, has built a reputation over four decades as a value manager with a strong emphasis on dividend-paying stocks, and DIVP represents a natural extension of that philosophy.

DIVP is a high-conviction, actively managed strategy that holds 30 to 40 large-cap, household-name value stocks with above-average dividend yields—typically above 3%. What sets DIVP apart is its selective covered call overlay, where the team writes short-dated, out-of-the-money call options (typically 2–4% out and expiring in two weeks to one month) on about 25–40% of the portfolio. The calls are written on individual stocks, not an index, and are chosen based on market volatility and the underlying fundamental outlook of each holding. This approach allows the portfolio to enhance income without significantly capping upside potential, thanks to thoughtful partial-position writing and sector diversification.

Cullen emphasized that the ETF is designed to deliver two sources of income—dividends from quality value stocks and call option premiums—leading to a historical yield between 7.2% and 8.3% in the SMA version of the strategy, with more than half of that coming from qualified dividend income. The strategy is intended for investors seeking higher income with equity market participation and downside resilience. While the ETF may underperform in sharp bull runs or during periods of low volatility, it performs particularly well in sideways or volatile markets where premium harvesting and dividend yield can shine.

Cullen also shared his enthusiasm for entering the ETF space, highlighting the structural benefits of the ETF wrapper, including tax efficiency, ease of implementation, and the ability to reach a broader set of advisors and investors. He noted that Schafer Cullen plans to expand its ETF offerings, potentially via ETF share classes of existing mutual funds, depending on upcoming SEC rulings.

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In a recent episode of Behind the Ticker, Dan Petersen, Head of Product Management at New York Life Investments, discussed the firm’s international equity strategy and the mechanics behind the NYLI FTSE International Equity Currency Neutral ETF (ticker: HFXI). With over two decades in the industry, Petersen has held various roles in financial advisory and ETF distribution, playing a key role in the growth of IndexIQ before its acquisition by New York Life in 2015. Since then, he has focused on product development, helping expand the firm’s ETF offerings.

HFXI was designed to provide a balanced approach to international investing by hedging 50% of currency exposure while maintaining full equity market exposure. Petersen explained that historically, investors in international equities had to accept full currency exposure by default, which could add or detract significantly from returns depending on currency fluctuations. Fully hedged products emerged to remove this risk entirely, but many investors found it difficult to time when to hedge and when not to. HFXI was created to offer a middle ground—allowing investors to benefit from currency movements when favorable while reducing the risk of extreme fluctuations.

The fund achieves this partial hedge by using forward contracts that are rolled monthly, adjusting for changes in currency valuations. Petersen highlighted that currency exposure can have a substantial impact on performance, often contributing or detracting by as much as 600 to 1,000 basis points annually. By hedging half the exposure, HFXI aims to smooth out volatility while still allowing investors to participate in foreign currency strength when it occurs. This strategy is particularly beneficial in periods of global economic stability when foreign currencies tend to appreciate, as well as in risk-off environments where excessive currency exposure can compound equity drawdowns.

Petersen positioned HFXI as a long-term core allocation within international equity portfolios. Advisors can use it as a standalone replacement for unhedged international ETFs or pair it with traditional market-cap-weighted international funds to create a customized level of currency exposure. He also pointed out that international equities currently present a compelling valuation opportunity, with price-to-earnings ratios at historically attractive discounts compared to U.S. markets. Given the extreme valuation gap between U.S. and international stocks, he suggested that now may be an opportune time for investors to consider increasing international exposure.

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In a recent episode of Behind the Ticker, Kirsten Chang, Director of Editorial and Content at VettaFi, shared insights into her journey from CNBC to her current role, as well as details about the upcoming Exchange ETF Conference, the largest ETF industry event of the year. With over a decade of experience at CNBC—working on Squawk Box, covering markets from the floor of the NYSE with Bob Pisani, and helping launch ETF Edge—Chang transitioned to VettaFi to further develop her own voice and contribute to the growing ETF landscape.

Chang explained that VettaFi is more than just the organizer of the Exchange conference. It serves as an index provider, a data analytics firm, and a digital distribution company focused on bridging the gap between advisors and ETF issuers. With over 4,000 ETFs available in the market, VettaFi helps investors and financial professionals sift through the noise by offering research, webcasts, and educational content. Through its partnerships with asset managers, the firm provides timely insights on ETF flows, market trends, and new product developments.

The discussion then shifted to the Exchange ETF Conference, now taking place in Las Vegas after years in Miami. Chang highlighted that the conference is designed to offer advisors actionable insights and analysis, with sessions covering everything from private credit and hedge fund-led multi-asset ETFs to the explosive growth of active ETFs. The event brings together the biggest names in the industry, including keynote speakers like David Kelly and Ian Bremmer, and features panels on thematic investing, ESG trends, crypto, AI, and international equities. With record-breaking fixed income ETF flows and the continued rise of AI-related investments, the conference aims to provide a roadmap for advisors navigating today’s markets.

Chang also emphasized Exchange’s focus on networking and community building, calling it the must-attend event for anyone in the ETF space. She shared details on new initiatives like the Putt for Pink charity event benefiting Susan G. Komen, a March Madness basketball connect-four game hosted by State Street, and an interactive app that allows attendees to schedule meetings and customize their experience.

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In a recent episode of Behind the Ticker, Adam Patti, founder and CEO of VistaShares, discussed the launch of the VistaShares Artificial Intelligence Supercycle ETF (ticker: AIS) and how it differentiates itself in the growing AI investment space. With over two decades in the ETF industry, Patti previously founded IndexIQ, one of the earliest issuers of liquid alternative ETFs, which was later acquired by New York Life. After spending several years outside the industry, Patti partnered with John McNeil of DVX Ventures to launch VistaShares, focusing on building high-quality thematic ETFs with a more thoughtful and targeted approach.

Patti explained that AIS is designed to provide pure exposure to the AI supercycle by focusing exclusively on the infrastructure driving artificial intelligence, particularly in data centers and semiconductors. Unlike many AI-themed ETFs that hold broad tech exposure dominated by the "Magnificent Seven" stocks, AIS takes a supply chain-driven approach, investing in companies that manufacture the essential components—such as GPUs, VRAMs, cooling systems, and fiber optic networks—needed to power AI. By analyzing the bill of materials for AI data centers and semiconductors, VistaShares identifies companies with substantial AI-driven revenue, ensuring that the fund is directly tied to AI growth rather than being diluted by large-cap tech names with only partial AI exposure.

AIS follows a rules-based, actively managed strategy that combines systematic supply chain analysis with an active overlay. The core portfolio is constructed based on a transparent, rules-driven methodology—one that VistaShares has filed for a patent on—ensuring that holdings are determined by their relevance to AI infrastructure rather than arbitrary weightings. The fund undergoes a semi-annual rebalance, but Patti emphasized that the active overlay allows for adjustments in response to new developments in the rapidly evolving AI space. The investment committee, which includes AI industry practitioners such as former Tesla president John McNeil and AI entrepreneur Sonny Madra, helps identify emerging trends, new players, and risks within the AI ecosystem before they become widely recognized.

Patti also highlighted the global nature of the AI supply chain, with AIS holding companies from the U.S., Taiwan, China, and Europe. Currently, about 60% of the portfolio is U.S.-based, with the remainder distributed across key AI manufacturing hubs. Looking ahead, VistaShares has the flexibility to expand the portfolio’s focus, potentially incorporating consumer-facing AI applications and energy solutions as the industry matures. However, for now, the fund remains centered on AI infrastructure, which Patti believes is still in the early stages of exponential growth, as evidenced by record-breaking capital expenditures from major tech firms.

For investors and advisors looking to incorporate AIS into portfolios, Patti suggested a 3-5% allocation within a core equity strategy, positioning it as a high-conviction growth satellite. 

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n a recent episode of Behind the Ticker, Emma Harper, a research analyst at Sage Advisory, shared insights from the firm’s 2024 ETF Stewardship Report, which evaluates how ETF providers engage with companies, vote on shareholder proposals, and integrate sustainability and governance practices. With a background in finance and research, Harper plays a key role in Sage's analysis of responsible investment strategies, ensuring the firm’s investment decisions align with best stewardship practices. Sage Advisory, which manages approximately $28 billion in assets, focuses on institutional and retail clients, blending investment management with rigorous research.

Harper explained that Sage’s annual stewardship report examines ETF providers' voting and engagement practices, governance structures, and transparency efforts. The report analyzes how asset managers influence corporate behavior through proxy voting, engagement strategies, and sustainability considerations. One key aspect of the research is assessing whether providers have dedicated stewardship teams and clearly defined voting policies. Given that ETF holders delegate their ownership rights to fund issuers, understanding how these rights are exercised is crucial for fiduciary responsibility.

A major trend identified in the 2024 report is a decline in transparency among ETF providers, particularly in response to regulatory scrutiny and political pressures. Harper noted that while early versions of the report saw growing disclosures from asset managers, recent years have shown a more cautious, legalistic approach to describing stewardship activities. Additionally, there is a widening divide between active and passive ETF managers, with active managers generally exhibiting stronger stewardship practices. Passive managers, on the other hand, tend to rely more on third-party proxy advisors and have less direct engagement with portfolio companies.

Harper also highlighted concerns about the concentration of voting power among a few major ETF providers, such as BlackRock, Vanguard, and State Street. These firms control trillions of dollars in assets and exercise substantial influence over corporate governance. The report found that larger providers tend to support management more often than smaller firms, which raises questions about their commitment to shareholder advocacy. Harper emphasized that investors should carefully evaluate ETF issuers’ stewardship policies, particularly as issues like ESG, artificial intelligence, and cybersecurity become more relevant in corporate decision-making.

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