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This book shows that David did not become the king of Israel. He was anointed king by men of Judah while the rest of Israel anointed Ishbosheth the son of Saul to be their king. The lead influencer in Israel was a man named Abner. He was captain of the armies of Saul. He is the one that promoted Ishbosheth and got Israel to cleave to him. David reigned the seven years in Hebron and Ishbosheth reigned 2 years over Israel.

There was a long going conflict between the house of Saul and the house of David. In that conflict, Joab’s brother was killed by Abner and so Joab and Abishai his brother wanted to kill Abner. Meanwhile, Ishbosheth accused Abner of sleeping with Saul’s concubine and that made Abner angry. He went to David to negotiate a deal where he would bring all Israel unto him and be their king. Joab was not there but when he heard that the king let Abner go in peace, he went and confronted the king. Later, Joab and Abishai followed Abner and killed him. 

David mourned Abner’s death and he distanced himself from his murder. All Israel believed that David had nothing to do with Abner’s death. Some two miserable men went to Ishbosheth’s and found him sleeping and they killed him, cut off his head, and brought it to David, again a terrible miscalculation to their ruin. They thought David would be pleased, but he wasn’t pleased with the fact that they killed an innocent man in his own house, upon his bed. He ordered that these murderers be killed.

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The main characters in the book of Samuel are doubtless, Samuel, Saul, and David.

The first and second chapter of the book of 1 Samuel, gives us the events that led up to the birth of Samuel. Right on the first verse, we are given Samuel’s pedigree, and in the book of 1 Chronicles, we learn that Samuel and his fathers were the descendants of Kohath, the son of Levi. In the book of Numbers chapter 4, God instructed that the sons of Kohath will do the work in the tabernacle. These later ministered in the temple of Solomon, helping out with offerings.

One of the notable things about his mother is that she was barren and when she asked the Lord for a child, she promised that she would give him back to the Lord. After Samuel was weaned, Hannah took him to Shiloh and left him there to serve God as she had promised that she would give the child back to God. 

Considering Samuel’s lineage, it made sense that Samuel would grow up among the priests and minister as a child unto the Lord wearing a priestly linen Ephod (2:18). He was not a stranger but a priest indeed as the law and bloodline dictated. (See Numbers 18:1-32)

Samuel is called by God in chapter 3 and thus was the beginning of his prophetic ministry. Later in the book, we learn that Samuel judged Israel and regularly traveled to Bethel, Gilgal, and Mizpeh and returned to Ramah judging Israel (7:15-17) and when he became old, he made his sons judges over Israel (8:1-2). Sadly, Samuel’s sons were wicked and they caused Israel to grieve to the point that they demanded a king (8:3-5).

Saul

Saul was a Benjamite, very good looking and taller than anyone. The story begins in chapter 9. He was the first to be anointed king in Israel (9:15 – 10:1). He fought against the people of Ammon (11:1-12) and Amalek and defeated them when the Lord was with him. 

His fall began when he did what was not commanded and neglected to do what was commanded. First, in 13:8-14  Saul made a burnt offering which was a duty for the son of Levi, not him. Secondly, in 15:10 – 23, he disobeyed the voice of the LORD and did not utterly destroy Amalek  (See 1 Samuel 15:2-3, Deuteronomy 25:17-19). He brought Agag the king of Amalek to Israel and did not kill him and allowed the people to bring the fattened livestock from Amalek, instead of killing them as per instruction from the LORD. He was then rejected as king of Israel.

David

David’s entry into the whole scene was a shock to his family. Samuel comes to Jesse’s house to anoint a king. Everyone who seemed to be a worthy candidate among Jesse’s sons was brought before the prophet and they were all not chosen. To their surprise, the prophet asked, “are all your children here?” When David finally came, the LORD said, “Anoint him, this is him.”

At this point, David was unknown to Saul and to all of Israel until Goliath happened. I believe we all know how David got his fame after he defeated a giant with a sling, a stone, and the name of the LORD. He lived much of his life running and hiding from Saul, at some point he hid among the Philistines, the people whose champion he killed.

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The book of Ruth tells us of the man of Judah, a Bethlehemite by the name of Elimelech who traveled to the land of Moab due to the famine in the land of Judah. He went with his wife Naomi and his two sons, Mahlon and Chilion. His sons took wives from Moab whose names were Orpah and Ruth. The man died and also his sons. Naomi heard that there was food again in Judah and she bid farewell to her daughters-in-law and gave them a blessing to remarry. Ruth decided to stick with her mother in law while Orpah went back to her people.

As the story goes on Ruth and Naomi return to Judah and Ruth marries Boaz and eventually becomes the great grandmother of King David.

In my opinion, the book of Ruth shows us something the Jews may not have seen about God. Out of all the people to choose a king from, God chose the lineage that has a Moabites, whose new Mother in law was Rahab the former prostitute from Jericho. This happens while the stand that says, “An Ammonite or Moabite shall not enter into the congregation of the LORD; even to their tenth generation shall they not enter into the congregation of the LORD for ever:”(Deu 23:3). This ban on Moabites is explained in verses 4 and 5. 

From a lineage that has a Moabitess in it was born a King, Prophet, and Priest who occupies these offices forever, that is the LORD Jesus Christ Himself. It appears that though there is such a ban on Ammonites and Moabites, God shows mercy to those who repent and turn to Him and that is what Ruth did.

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The book of judges appears to be a sequel to the book of Joshua. Sadly, this book reveals a vicious cycle of backsliding in the nation of Israel. The first chapter seems to summarize the events enlisted in the book of Joshua, where the people went into the land and began to fight the occupants and possess the land. In the same chapter, we are told that several tribes did not drive out the inhabitants of the land, Instead, they made them tributaries.

This, of course, did not please the LORD and as result, in chapter two we see an angel of the LORD coming up from Gilgal to Bochim and rebuked Israel for not driving out the inhabitants of the land. He also announced that all these nations will become a snare to them to prove if they would obey the commandment of the LORD or not.

They wasted no time to rebel and serve the gods of the inhabitants of the land. Not only that, they intermarried. As a result, God sold them to their enemies. When they cried out to the Lord, God would raise a judge to deliver them.

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Today we start a new section of the Old Testament. We are now exploring the historical section of the Old Testament. The history section spans from Joshua to Esther, consisting of 12 books. Every other book we shall read after this section, whether poetry or prophetic will be minor detail within the scope of these 12 books. The History section will further show us that God cared for His people and that He has continuously been involved in their affairs. Today we open with the of Joshua.

Joshua and Caleb were the only Egypt born Israelites that entered the promised land. Joshua’s name appears many times in the books of the law. His Father was named was Nun. We are first introduced to Joshua in Exodus 17:10. The impression we get of him is that he was a warrior, seeing that Moses gave him a mission to go and fight with Amalek. He was also among the 12 spies who went to spy on the land of Canaan, while the other 10 gave a bad report, Joshua and Caleb gave a good report about the land. Moses ordained him at God’s commandment to be Moses’ successor in leading the children of Israel into the promised land. “And the LORD said unto Moses, Take thee Joshua the son of Nun, a man in whom is the spirit, and lay thine hand upon him…And Moses did as the LORD commanded him: and he took Joshua and set him before Eleazar the priest, and before all the congregation:” (Num 27:18, 22) and “…Joshua the son of Nun was full of the spirit of wisdom; for Moses had laid his hands upon him: and the children of Israel hearkened unto him, and did as the LORD commanded Moses.” (Deu 34:9) 

His name originally was Oshea but Moses named him Joshua. According to Hitchcock, this name means a savior or a deliverer. It is also synonymous with Jehoshua (Yehoshua) and Jeshua (Yeshua). 

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In the book of Deuteronomy Moses is giving his farewell speech to the children of Israel. He starts off by reminding them of the events that took place in the wilderness and show them how God had elected them and took care of them in the wilderness. The greatest high light in the early chapters of the book is 6:4-5 which reads, “Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God is one LORD: And thou shalt love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might.“ (Deu 6:4-5)

Moses reminded the Israelites of the law of God and also gave them instructions and warnings concerning their life in the promised land. In 10:12-13, Moses says, “And now, Israel, what doth the LORD thy God require of thee, but to fear the LORD thy God, to walk in all his ways, and to love him, and to serve the LORD thy God with all thy heart and with all thy soul, To keep the commandments of the LORD, and his statutes, which I command thee this day for thy good?” and in 11:1 He says, “Therefore thou shalt love the LORD thy God, and keep his charge, and his statutes, and his judgments, and his commandments, alway.” 

Moses was very concerned about his people because he knew how they were like. They were stiffnecked and they were without a doubt going to rebel against the Lord and serve other gods. He gave them stern warns of what was going to happen if they turn aside from the law of God.

He also gave told them that God was going to give them a prophet, “And now, Israel, what doth the LORD thy God require of thee, but to fear the LORD thy God, to walk in all his ways, and to love him, and to serve the LORD thy God with all thy heart and with all thy soul, To keep the commandments of the LORD, and his statutes, which I command thee this day for thy good?”(Deu 10:12-13)

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As the Hebrews call it the “bemidbar, ” the book of numbers is the book that records the events that took place mainly in the wilderness journey of the children of Israel when they were led by God. it records the census, the settlement arrangement of the tribes of Israel in the camp, and the order of movement when it was time for them to go. We see the instruction on how to move the tabernacle and its furniture. The trial of Jealousy, the Law of the Nazarites, the blessing of the people. We also read in details the account of the offerings that were made by the princes of Israel The relationship between the people of Israel and God, was not a smooth ride. The people always murmured and tempted the LORD and the LORD punished them severely on various occasions. The book records that God once sent deadly serpents which killed many of the people of Israel but when the people repented from their offense, God commanded Moses to make a brazen serpent and lift it up. Anyone who has bitten by the snakes and looks at the brazen serpent would not die. Jesus quotes this part in John 3:14-15, and we understand that the lifting up of the serpent in the wilderness was a type of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ in order to bring salvation to those who believe in His name.

We also see the children of Israel drinking from the rock in Meribah for the second time in Chapter 20  (the first time was from the rock in Horeb in Exodus 17:6) and Moses displeases the Lord when he did not follow his instruction. Paul says that Rock was a type of Christ (1 Cor 10:4)

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In the book of Leviticus, God gives instruction on how the Levitical priesthood and ministry should be conducted and gives clear judgments which shall befall those who transgress. The book focuses on how the Levites and the Israelites should behave themselves when they are approaching the Lord to give offerings of various kinds. It outlines the prescribed diet for Israelites and it gives sanitary regulations for the whole nation and for the generations to come. 

There are directions for women’s purification after childbirth and for the circumcision of boys. There are regulations for the examination, diagnosis, quarantine, and purification in cases of leprosy and other forms of illnesses.

The whole idea of the book of Leviticus is summed in these words, “…Ye shall be holy for I the LORD your God am holy.” (Leviticus 19:2). God’s desire was to dwell among the Israelites and all the laws which He gave to them were the means to enable God to dwell among His people and to protect them for the glory of God which was to consume them should they be found with a  fault.

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The book of Exodus documents the greatest historical events, in the lives of the children of Israel. Firstly, it records the beginning and severity of their slavery in Egypt and the failed attempt of the Egyptian king to reduce their numbers. We see God introducing Himself to Moses and to the children of Israel. Secondly, it documents the institution of the Passover, an ordinance we now know was a shadow of the coming Messiah who would die to save His people. Thirdly, it records the triumph of God over the Egyptians, both in Egypt and in the Red sea. Fourthly, we see the giving of the covenant on Mount Sanai and manifold provisions of God for the Children in the wilderness. Fifthly, we see the setup and the construction of the tabernacle, the ark of the covenant, and the order of service therein. Exodus is very interesting to read because this is where we see God dwelling among His own people for the first time after 400 years of Egyptian oppression.

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If there is any book in the Bible that is widely debated, it is the book of Genesis. The reason for this is that in the question of the origin of the universe, Genesis presents an idea that is hard to swallow by many in the scientific community, especially those of atheistic and agnostic persuasions. What Genesis teaches about the origin of everything is unacceptable to the 21st-century mind which is being bombarded with tons of new information each day. 

It is inconceivable that the whole earth could have been made in six days to a scientific mind who looks at the world as it stands. Such doubt is a foothold to those who hate the idea of a creator to who we have to pay obeisance. They use this doubt to try and disprove the existence of God or try to ease their nagging conscience in accusing Genesis and with it all of the Bible, of being a fictional book.