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Is there unrighteousness with God?” Paul raises the question before his critics can even open their mouths. He knows what they’re thinking. “Paul, if God chooses some for salvation and passes over others—without regard to their merit, their works, or their worth—doesn’t that make God unfair?”
But Paul reaches back into Exodus 33:19 and brings Moses to the witness stand. And the text thunders with authority: God is sovereign. God is free. God is righteous in all His ways. His election does not violate His character; it reveals it. He alone decides who receives mercy, because mercy—by definition—is never owed.
Paul presses the point further:
- “It is not of him who wills”—because salvation doesn’t start with human choice; even faith is a gift from God.
- “Nor of him who runs”—because salvation cannot be earned by human effort.
Then Paul calls Pharaoh to the stand. God “raised him up”—lifted him into prominence—not because Pharaoh was powerful, but because God had a purpose. Pharaoh thought he was writing his own story, but he was only a pen in the hand of Providence.
And why did God do it? “That My name might be proclaimed in all the earth.” God’s name—His character, His glory, His holiness—was on display in both mercy and judgment. Moses and Pharaoh were both sinners, both guilty, both deserving wrath. Yet Moses received mercy, and Pharaoh received judgment—not because one was better than the other, but because God is sovereign in His will and perfect in His ways.
So Paul’s answer rings out like a preacher in full stride:
There is no unrighteousness with God. There is only sovereignty, mercy, justice, and glory—working together in perfect harmony.
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