Big Think

Big Think

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Big Think episodes

  • Biohacking our way to health with robot cells | Michael Levin

    Developmental biologist Michael Levin proposes an alternative approach to regenerative medicine: one that involves communicating with cells to trigger specific associations and induce changes in tissues. He envisions a future where biomedicine relies less on chemistry, and looks more like behavioral science.

    By leveraging the native competencies of cells, Levin thinks researchers can achieve complex outcomes without micromanagement. He demonstrates this through the regeneration of frog legs by simply prompting cells towards the regenerative state.
    Levin introduces “xenobots,” bio-robots formed by self-assembling frog skin cells. These xenobots are key to the regenerative medicine of the future, with the potential to create solutions for birth defects, reprogramming tumors — even creating new organs. Levin emphasizes the moral imperative to pursue this research to address pressing medical needs.

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    12 min
  • Does hope for humanity rely on philosophy?

    Philosopher and Notre Dame professor Meghan Sullivan shares her take on how the AI era has forced us to rethink what truly gives human life value. As machines surpass us in logic and productivity, the love ethic offers an answer rooted in dignity, connection, and care.

    Similar to other technological advancements throughout history, this moment has created an opportunity for a philosophical breakthrough: one that helps us identify what humanity really is, how to identify it, and how to preserve it.
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    About Meghan Sullivan:
    Meghan Sullivan is the Wilsey Family College Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame, where she leads the Ethics Initiative and founded the Institute for Ethics and the Common Good. With support from the John Templeton Foundation, the Institute advances research and teaching on human flourishing. Sullivan’s work spans ethics, metaphysics, and religion. She’s the author of Time Biases and co-author of The Good Life Method, based on her acclaimed course “God and the Good Life.”
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    About The Well
    Do we inhabit a multiverse? Do we have free will? What is love? Is evolution directional? There are no simple answers to life’s biggest questions, and that’s why they’re the questions occupying the world’s brightest minds.
    Together, let's learn from them.

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    6 min
  • Let go of labels. Transform your life. | Ryan Holiday

    Don’t call yourself “a writer,” just write. Ryan Holiday on how the labels you give yourself can hold you back.

    Who are you without the labels? What if you stopped defining yourself by what you do and simply focused on doing it? This episode dives deep into identity, ego, and the struggle of living on your own terms. From walking away from a career that didn’t fit to embracing the discomfort of uncertainty, it’s a raw reflection on the moments that humble us, shape us, and force us to grow. Whether it’s a bookstore built in the middle of a pandemic or the realization that success can cloud reality, this conversation will make you rethink what truly matters. How do you measure your life—by what you achieve or who you become?

    Who would you be without all the labels and identities you’ve collected over the course of your life?Ego, titles, and societal expectations often shape who we think we are—or who we think we should be. Author, and for simplicity's sake, bookstore owner, Ryan Holiday explains the simple question “What do you do?” can turn into a trap, making us cling to roles that don’t really define us. But what happens when you let go of these labels? What if, instead of focusing on the identity of being a writer, you focused on the act of writing itself?As Holiday got older, he learned that being busy “doing the verb” is far more valuable than obsessing over the noun. It’s easy to get caught up in trying to fit into the “right” categories and titles, but that often means copying, comparing, and losing sight of what really matters.

    About Ryan Holiday: Ryan Holiday is a bestselling author, marketer, and one of today’s leading voices in modern Stoicism. He’s known for taking ancient wisdom and making it relatable and practical for everyday life. Before becoming an author, he led marketing at American Apparel. Now, he writes about strategy, self-discipline, and leadership, weaving history into real-world advice.

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    9 min
  • Why creating is crucial to human existence | Godfrey Reggio, Steve Albini, and Fred Armisen

    🔊 *“Meaning is what you do. It’s not what you say.”* — Godfrey Reggio

    This meditative episode of *Dispatches from the Well* dives into the lives of three unconventional creators — **Godfrey Reggio**, **Steve Albini**, and **Fred Armisen** — exploring how they find meaning through discipline, presence, and the refusal to follow convention.

    🧘‍♂️ **Godfrey Reggio**, once a monk and social worker, became a groundbreaking filmmaker known for *Koyaanisqatsi*, a wordless reflection on humanity and technology. His chaotic studio belies his deep focus and 8+ years of obsessive labor on a single project. He believes:

    > *“You become what you do.”*

    His films challenge how we perceive the "normal" by stripping away words and relying on music, especially Philip Glass’s layered scores. Technology, to Reggio, is not neutral — it's our environment, shaping us more than we know.

    🎛️ **Steve Albini**, legendary sound engineer, holds fiercely to analog audio for ethical and historical reasons. Rejecting traditional music industry profits, he sees himself not as a producer but a technician preserving cultural truth:

    > *“I feel like my day-to-day job is being a vector of history.”*

    Albini emphasizes that analog recordings will survive centuries, offering future generations a clear window into our world — unlike encrypted digital data.

    🎭 **Fred Armisen**, with his trademark self-awareness, weaves humor and awkwardness into his art. His brief appearance highlights the delicate interplay between performance and authenticity.

    💡 **Core Themes**:

    - 🎯 *Meaning through discipline*: Daily routine reveals identity.

    - 📽️ *Art as perception shift*: Not education, but transformation.

    - 🤖 *Technology’s double edge*: It connects us, yet shapes and traps us.

    - 📻 *Analog as legacy*: Some things are worth preserving in their purest form.

    ✨ A poetic meditation on creativity, presence, and our imprint on the cosmos. As Reggio says:

    > *“Begin, and the work shall show you how.”*

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    39 min
  • Is consciousness an illusion? 5 experts explain

    “If science aims to describe everything, how can it not describe the simple fact of our existence?” On this episode of Dispatches, Kmele speaks with the scientists, mathematicians, and spiritual leaders trying to do just that:

    In the newest episode of Dispatches from The Well, we’re diving deep into the “hard problem of consciousness.” Here, Kmele combines the perspectives of five different scientists, philosophers, and spiritual leaders to approach one of humanity’s most pressing questions: what is consciousness?
    In the AI age, the question of consciousness is more prevalent than ever. Is every single thing in the universe self-aware? What does it actually mean to be conscious? Are our bodies really just a vessel for our thoughts? Kmele asks these questions, and many more, in the most thought-provoking episode yet. This is Dispatches from The Well.
    Featuring: Sir Roger Penrose, Christof Koch, Melanie Mitchell, Reid Hoffman, Swami Sarvapriyananda
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    About Kmele Foster:
    Kmele Foster is a media entrepreneur, commentator, and regular contributor to various national publications. He is the co-founder and co-host of The Fifth Column, a popular media criticism podcast.
    He is the head of content at Founders Fund, a San Francisco based venture capital firm investing in companies building revolutionary technologies, and a partner at Freethink, a digital media company focused on the people and ideas changing our world.
    Kmele also serves on the Board of Directors of the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression (FIRE).

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    51 min
  • Don’t fall into the determinism trap. Everything is, in fact, random | Lee Cronin

    **💥 How Does Something Come from Nothing?**

    **Spoiler: It’s All About Chaos, Copies, and Cosmic Coin Tosses 🌀🧬**

    At the very start of *everything*, physics points to the **Big Bang** — an unimaginable explosion of space, time, and energy 💣🌌.

    From there:

    ☁️ Energy expands

    ➡️ Hydrogen forms

    ⭐ Hydrogen clumps together → stars

    🌠 Stars explode → planets are born

    🌍 Planets cool → life sparks

    🧠 Life evolves → tech emerges

    🚀 And here we are, flinging stuff into space like cosmic toddlers with slingshots.

    But wait… that tidy story?

    Underneath it lies **quantum chaos** ⚛️🌪️.

    Quantum physics says the universe isn’t a clean, predictable machine — it’s *random*, like a cosmic slot machine spinning infinite possibilities 🎰✨.

    And yet, somehow, from that randomness… order *emerges*.

    How?

    ### 🧬 Enter: **Replication**

    In the swirling soup of quantum foam, random patterns appear.

    Every now and then, one of those patterns gets lucky — it can **copy itself** 🔁.

    ### 🧪 Then: **Evolution**

    Copies that survive in their environment get to stick around.

    The rest? Gone.

    That’s natural selection, even at the molecular level 🌱⚖️.

    ### 🧠 Finally: **Order from Chaos**

    The universe *looks* ordered because what survives is what *works*.

    But the raw fuel underneath? Still random.

    What seems deterministic is just **billions of years of error correction** 🔧.

    You flip a coin:

    - Heads.

    - Tails.

    - Heads.

    - Heads.

    Too many heads? That’s not chance — it’s a loaded coin 🎯.

    The more predictable something becomes, the more it’s shaped by history… not randomness.

    So, **how does something come from nothing?**

    ✨ **Randomness births a copy.**

    🔁 **The copy survives = replication.**

    🔬 **The copy grows = evolution.**

    🏆 **The copy fits = selection.**

    The universe didn’t need a blueprint.

    It needed a spark, some chaos… and the power to repeat 🔄.

    And from that?

    🌌 *Everything.*

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    6 min
  • Don’t hire the smartest job candidate | Tyler Cowen

    Economist Tyler Cowen explains why you should not hire the smartest job candidate. Here’s what to look for instead.

    What do Aretha Franklin, Bruce Springsteen, Bob Dylan, and Stevie Ray Vaughan have in common? In addition to being phenomenal 20th-century musicians, all were scouted or had their careers furthered by the American record producer John Hammond.
    Finding talent is a talent in itself. And to the author and economics professor Tyler Cowen, it is a talent that gets neglected in many companies, whether due to biases, boring hiring practices, or a failure to think outside the box.
    As Cowen explains in this Big Think video, the way to go about finding exceptional talent is by searching the areas where the rest of the market is not looking.
    0:00 The talent problem
    0:58 John Hammond: A legendary talent scout
    2:06 The intelligence bias
    3:37 Discover undervalued talents
    5:56 The FOMO mentality: Learning from venture capitalists
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    About Tyler Cowen:
    Tyler is the Holbert L. Harris Chair of Economics at George Mason University and serves as chairman and general director of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. He is co-author of the popular economics blog Marginal Revolution and co-founder of the online educational platform Marginal Revolution University.
    Tyler also writes a column for Bloomberg View, and he has contributed to The Wall Street Journal and Money. In 2011, Bloomberg Businessweek profiled Tyler as “America’s Hottest Economist” after his e-book, The Great Stagnation, appeared twice on The New York Times e-book bestseller list.
    He graduated from George Mason University with a bachelor's degree in economics and earned a Ph.D. In economics from Harvard University. He also runs a podcast series called Conversations with Tyler. His latest book Talent: How to Identify Energizers, Creatives and Winners Around the World is co-authored with venture capitalist Daniel Gross.
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    11 min
  • Our primordial drive for sex and love | Helen Fisher

    Your brain on sex, love, and rejection with biological anthropologist Helen Fisher.

    What happens in the brain of someone who gets dumped? One answer is increased activity in the nucleus accumbens, which is the same brain region that becomes active when you become addicted to cocaine, cigarettes, or gambling.
    Romantic love, in other words, is an addiction. That’s one key takeaway from the research of anthropologist Helen Fisher, who argues that we should learn to respect the intense feelings of people who get romantically rejected.
    According to Fisher, a better understanding of how the brain processes love and romantic desire can help us find the right partner and sustain a meaningful, healthy relationship.
    0:00 Charles Darwin’s ‘game of love’
    0:58 Sexual attraction in a partnership
    1:49 The 3 brain systems
    3:20 Romantic love
    4:32 Romantic rejection
    5:51 Long-term love & sex drive
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    About Helen Fisher:
    Helen E. Fisher, Ph.D. Biological anthropologist, is a Senior Research Fellow at The Kinsey Institute at Indiana University, and a Member of the Center For Human Evolutionary Studies in the Department of Anthropology at Rutgers University. She has written six books on the evolution, biology, and psychology of human sexuality, monogamy, adultery and divorce, gender differences in the brain, the neural chemistry of romantic love and attachment, human biologically-based personality styles, why we fall in love with one person rather than another, hooking up, friends with benefits, living together and other current trends, and the future of relationships — what she calls: slow love.
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    14 min
  • Master divergent and convergent thinking | Tiago Forte

    Productivity expert Tiago Forte explains how to master two modes of creative thinking.

    Author Tiago Forte believes that in today's digital age, people need a second brain to manage their knowledge. In other words, we need a personal system for collecting, organizing, and retrieving information from both physical and digital environments.
    Although many people spend hours of their day on digital knowledge work, most are not getting better at managing their information. Instead, they’re becoming increasingly overwhelmed. Forte suggests approaching knowledge work with a process that can be improved upon, through the concept of divergence and convergence.
    In practice, this means considering many options and then eliminating them, followed by creative and productive work. To maintain peace of mind, it's important to have multiple projects going on at once, which a second brain can help with by storing all projects in a concrete medium, freeing your memory.
    0:00 What is a second brain?
    1:14 Master divergence & convergence
    3:18 Be productive and calm
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    About Tiago Forte:
    Tiago Forte is one of the world’s foremost experts on productivity. He has taught more than 20,000 people worldwide through his programs and writes and speaks on how technology can help knowledge workers revolutionize their personal effectiveness.
    Tiago’s online course, Building a Second Brain, has produced more than 5,000 graduates from over 70 countries. The course draws on his experience in academic disciplines such as information science, practical fields such as user experience design, and his work with top organizations and leaders in Silicon Valley. Tiago believes knowledge management is one of the most impactful skills in the world today, and his work is dedicated to making it accessible to individuals for the first time.
    In a previous life, he worked in microfinance in Latin America, served in the Peace Corps in Ukraine, and consulted for large companies on product development in San Francisco. He lives in Long Beach, California, with his wife Lauren, son Caio, and dog Ximena.
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    8 min

About Big Think

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