The Māori are Indigenous Polynesian peoples with distant roots in the Lapita civilization. First inhabitants of what is called New Zealand, they arrived there more than 1000 years ago. The Māori people is a minority, it forms about 18% of the New Zealand population. In this podcast, we will talk about the anthropological, political and legal history of New Zealand, the context of the declaration of independence (in Māori He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni), the treaty of Waitangi, the societal organization of the people Māori (Iwi, Whanau, Hapu) and relations with colonial institutions. An extensive discussion about Māori culture, social boundaries between different Māori tribes and the importance of genealogy, the involvement of Māori culture within the governance of customs borders and the perspectives of indigenous peoples in research on borders.

Time Markers:

00:00 Intro

01:32 Our Guest: Thomas Tawhiri – Indigenous Māori, Custom Manager & Researcher in Indigenous Studies

04:38 Specificities of New Zealand in relation to borders

07:22 Māori life prior to European contact

10:35 What does the word “Māori” mean?

13:09 Navigation high technology of Polynesian peoples

18:18 The naming of New Zealand with the Māori name Aotearoa

23:02 The context of “declaration of independence” (He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni) signed in 1835 and 1839

31:44 The Treaty of Waitangi and the juridical debates linked to the differences in terminology. The Māori version speaks only of 'kawanatanga'.

40:54 Social units rooted in relationships and blood relationships

48:52 What is Mana?

52:37 Existence of complex social interactions and territorial boundaries between Māori Clans

57:21 Tribal Naming of Places, and Land Occupation, as Indicators of Tribal Borders

1:01:42 Māori territoriality and the New Zealand current legal system

Websites:

BIG Website: ⁠⁠https://biglobalization.org  ⁠⁠

JMN Website: ⁠⁠https://www.uvic.ca/humanities/intd/europe/eu-grants/network/hmsdata-20-23/index.php⁠⁠

Subscribe: ⁠⁠http://bit.ly/2AL0HbO⁠⁠ 

Facebook: ⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/BordersInGlobalization⁠⁠ 

Twitter: ⁠⁠https://twitter.com/big_uvic 

Country of 27 million inhabitants, in the Himalayan mountain range, Nepal shares a border with India for 1690 km and with China for nearly 1,200 km. The majority of the inhabitants live in the south of the country (along the Indo-Nepalese border) and in the Kathmandu valley. Nepal became a republic in 2008 and the country adopted a new Constitution in 2015 which provides for a federal-type state, organized around 7 provinces which have their own assembly and executive power. A podcast about the State of Nepal, internal bordering processes, the marginalized people at its borders, notably the Madhesi People, and also the relations with India and China..

Time Markers

00:00 Our Guest today: Kalpana Jha

01:12 Cross-Border Unformal Networks and the shaping of Border Region

03:15 Interests of the Socio-Legal Approach for the Border Studies

05:59 Border, Legal Line of Separation, but also Living Region per se

10:22 How to Manage the Nepal Diversity?

13:10 Nepal: From Kingdom to Federal-type State.

18:30 Relations between Nepal and India

22:30 Nepal-India Border: An Open Border at the Daily Level

25:52 A Huge Wall on the Nepal-India border?

30:33 Cross-Border Governance of Rivers and Political Challenges

36:07 Nepal-China Relations Through Himalayas

41:59 Transboundary Infrastructures and Neighbouring Hard Powers

46:29 The Madhesi People Movement and Diversity of Nepal

50:17 Internal Bordering Processes and Geographical Features

56:15 The Identity of Madeshi People

1:00:23 Madeshi People as Transnational Community

1:04:40 New Legal and Political Recognition

1:06:01 Scenarios for Borderlanders and Cross-Border Communities

Websites:

BIG Website: ⁠⁠⁠https://biglobalization.org  ⁠⁠⁠

JMN Website: ⁠⁠⁠https://www.uvic.ca/humanities/intd/europe/eu-grants/network/hmsdata-20-23/index.php⁠⁠⁠

Subscribe: ⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/2AL0HbO⁠⁠⁠ 

Facebook: ⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/BordersInGlobalization⁠⁠⁠ 

Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/big_uvic 

Following the first Part of our interview, this second part of the podcast focuses mainly on the notion of extra-territorial jurisdiction with the examples of certain States, the European Union and even private global firms. What do state borders mean in a world where thousands of different jurisdictions overlap, serve multiple functions, and take multiple forms? The theme of this podcast explores the concept of jurisdiction in light of Border Studies, state territorial sovereignty and the normative power of the State which can extend beyond borders. It allows us to better understand the variable function of legal limits of borders.

TIME MARKERS

00.00 Introduction

00.28 The general rules on extra-territorial State jurisdiction and the Lotus Case (1927)

05.28 The three main types of jurisdictions of the States (prescriptive, enforcement, adjudicatory)

11.47 Competition and Conflict between Jurisdictions and the question of their conciliation

17.23 The extraterritorial normative power of the European union

24.26 The extraterritorial normative power of the USA and the notion of undesirable effects

29.18 Digital Empires, Global Companies and Private non-territorial Jurisdiction

33.40 Indigenous Peoples Jurisdictions

35.56 The links between Jurisdiction Complexities, Borders, and Border Studies

38.57 Conclusion

Websites:

BIG Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://biglobalization.org  ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

JMN Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.uvic.ca/humanities/intd/europe/eu-grants/network/hmsdata-20-23/index.php⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Subscribe: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/2AL0HbO⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 

Facebook: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/BordersInGlobalization⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 

Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/big_uvic 

Bluesky: @big-lab.bsky.social

What do state borders mean in a world where thousands of different jurisdictions overlap, serve multiple functions, and take multiple forms? The theme of this podcast explores the concept of jurisdiction in light of Border Studies, state territorial sovereignty and the normative power of the State which can extend beyond borders. There are several types of jurisdictions. Territorial jurisdiction refers to the power of a state to enforce its laws within its geographic boundaries, while extraterritorial jurisdiction refers to the ability of a state to extend its laws beyond its borders often due to particular links, such as actions having effects on its nationals or its interests abroad (and this extraterritorial jurisdiction also concerns other entities such as the EU, or even certain global private firms). This topic raises complex questions regarding sovereignty, human rights, international cooperation and the regulation of transnational activities. It allows us to better understand the variable function of legal limits of borders. The first part of the podcast mainly focuses on the notion of jurisdiction and jurisdiction of a territorial nature.

TIME MARKERS

00:00 Introduction

01:56 The importance of the category of territory and territorial sovereignty

03:23 The limitations of the sovereignty of the State in its own territory

05:56 The social constructed meaning of territoriality

08:52 What does the term of “jurisdiction” mean?

11:15 The links between the notion of jurisdiction and the border between States

13:38 The major theoretical debates on the nature of State jurisdiction

18:00 The history of the territoriality/extra-territoriality couple and decoupling

23:13 Civil law, criminal law, public law and private law and the notion of jurisdiction

25:47 Effects of Globalization on the Territorial Principle

28:58 Politicization of the tool of Jurisdiction and “economic war”

Websites:

BIG Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://biglobalization.org  ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

JMN Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.uvic.ca/humanities/intd/europe/eu-grants/network/hmsdata-20-23/index.php⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Subscribe: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/2AL0HbO⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 

Facebook: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/BordersInGlobalization⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 

Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/big_uvic 

Dans notre monde interconnecté, les frontières entre États jouent un rôle fondamental, mais leur histoire est souvent méconnue. Ces lignes sur la carte représentent des histoires de conflits, de négociations, de cultures en interaction et d'identités façonnées au fil du temps. Pour explorer cette thématique fascinante, nous avons le plaisir d'accueillir Claire de Blois, Enseignant-Chercheur, spécialisée dans l’histoire du droit et des frontières pour une période bien spécifique 1648-1815, et qui a d’ailleurs fait une thèse sur ce thème. C’est une période fondamentale pour l’histoire du droit des frontières car c’est le moment de la naissance des frontières modernes, du concept moderne de frontière. Dans cette seconde partie du podcast, nous allons explorer la construction juridique des frontières modernes: limite territoriale étatique et frontière linéaire.

TIME MARKERS

00:00 La construction progressive de la conception moderne de frontière

04:49 Double vision : La frontière déterminée par le droit; L’exercice du droit délimité par la frontière

07:23 Le processus et les finalités de la rationalisation des frontières

12:18 L’émergence du critère de la linéarité

14:33 Détermination (échanges de territoire), délimitation (tracé de la frontière) et démarcation (matérialisation de la frontière)

15:33 Le traité de Nimègue de 1678 et la frontière qui répond à une logique territoriale

16:59 Les politiques frontalières : le rôle des intérêts défensifs des Etats dans la frontière-ligne

21:08 Les politiques frontalières : le rôle des intérêts économiques et commerciaux des Etats dans la frontière-ligne

24:04 L’importance de la cartographie dans la production de connaissance juridique des frontières

28:19 Le débat sur le concept de « frontières naturelles » dans l’histoire du droit des frontières

33:24 Le rôle majeur de l’outil diplomatique des commissions de délimitation

40:36 Le rôle des populations locales dans la désignation des limites d’autorités

44:01 La définition finale du « concept moderne de frontière » en droit

51:19 Conclusion

Websites:

BIG Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://biglobalization.org  ⁠⁠⁠⁠

JMN Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.uvic.ca/humanities/intd/europe/eu-grants/network/hmsdata-20-23/index.php⁠⁠⁠⁠

Subscribe: ⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/2AL0HbO⁠⁠⁠⁠ 

Facebook: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/BordersInGlobalization⁠⁠⁠⁠ 

Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/big_uvic 

Dans notre monde interconnecté, les frontières entre États jouent un rôle fondamental, mais leur histoire est souvent méconnue. Ces lignes sur la carte représentent des histoires de conflits, de négociations, de cultures en interaction et d'identités façonnées au fil du temps. Pour explorer cette thématique fascinante, nous avons le plaisir d'accueillir Claire de Blois, enseignant-chercheur en droit public à l’Université d’Orléans - Centre de recherche juridique Pothier -, spécialisée dans l’histoire du droit et des frontières pour une période bien spécifique 1648-1815, et qui a d’ailleurs fait une thèse sur ce thème. C’est une période fondamentale pour l’histoire du droit des frontières car c’est le moment de la naissance des frontières modernes, du concept moderne de frontière. Dans cette première partie du podcast, nous allons examiner l’histoire des frontières modernes à la lumière de l’histoire du droit.

TIME MARKERS

00:00 L’histoire des frontières modernes à la lumière de l’histoire du droit

02:24 L’intérêt de l’histoire du droit pour l’étude des frontières

05:48 La méthodologie historique et les sources juridiques et diplomatiques

07:28 La frontière, objet pluridisciplinaire

08:39 L’originalité de la recherche historique et juridique

09:46 La justification de la recherche sur la frontière de nature terrestre et la période 1648-1815

16:43 D’où vient le terme de frontière ?

19:50 Les relations et distinctions sémantiques entre la « frontière » et la « limite »

22:41 Une évolution du concept de frontière dans l’édition de 1718 du Dictionnaire de l’Académie française

24:46 Les formes de la frontière qui précèdent les Traités de Westphalie

28:39 L’association des dimensions de la ligne et de la zone dans une frontière complexe

Websites:

BIG Website: ⁠⁠⁠https://biglobalization.org  ⁠⁠⁠

JMN Website: ⁠⁠⁠https://www.uvic.ca/humanities/intd/europe/eu-grants/network/hmsdata-20-23/index.php⁠⁠⁠

Subscribe: ⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/2AL0HbO⁠⁠⁠ 

Facebook: ⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/BordersInGlobalization⁠⁠⁠ 

Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/big_uvic 

Ports of Entry (PoE) are vital nodes of global connectivity, they serve as entry and exit points for global trade. Ports (seaports, airports, …) often serve as checkpoints for the movement of people and goods, they are interfaces between land territories and maritime/air spaces which symbolize the meeting between cultures and economies, but also the challenges linked to national security and border regulation. With the rise of connectivity and digitalization, PoE face increasing challenges in data management and cybersecurity. With the AI and new technologies, a new paradigm is emerging with new concepts as federated learnings, trusted networks, and signal risk sharing. We will discuss all this, borders and globalization 2.0 with Alan D. Bersin.

TIME MARKERS

01:33 The role of Ports of Entry in the Global Supply Chain

12:00 Key Policy Elements Involved

24:43 Managing the different laws and jurisdictions in terms of Global Data Protection

29:35 Role of Regions in Globalization 2.0 and Concrete examples of Ports of the Future

35:50 Global Environmental Sustainability Challenges

39:50 Learnings from Ports of Entry for the Border Studies

#31 BIG Podcast - “Democracy, Migration Studies and Border Studies: Gaps and/or Bridges” - With: Oliver Schmidtke, Political scientist, Director of the Center for Global Studies – Victoria, Canada; (PART 2)

Classically, Migration Studies explore all mobility regimes of human groups. There is a spectrum of public policies ranging from the migration of high-skilled workers to refugees. For the Migration Studies, national borders provide a form of social closure. Traditionally, Borders refer to issues that are fundamental to political community (state sovereignty, territorial delimitation, national security, political identity). And for this reason, borders are also instruments for regulating flows, policy tool for inclusion/exclusion. Several authors have pointed out a form of gap between Border Studies and Migration Studies. That there was a lack of cross-fertilization between these two research traditions. And some populist and nationalist discourses can exploit the ambivalence of the borders and the confusion around it. We will discuss about all the relations between democracy, migration and borders and get answers with Oliver Schmidtke.

Websites:

BIG Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://biglobalization.org  ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

JMN Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.uvic.ca/humanities/intd/europe/eu-grants/network/hmsdata-20-23/index.php⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Subscribe: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/2AL0HbO⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 

Facebook: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/BordersInGlobalization⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 

Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/big_uvic ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

TIME MARKERS

00:22 Crisis of Democracy and the Political Question of the Boundaries of Shared Collective Identity

6:17 Relations between Democracy and the Growth of Nationalism and Populism

10:12 Cleisthenes and the question of the delimitation of a “Demos”

14:53 What is happening in Europe? New Geography of Political Discontent and Skepticism about Democratic Practices?

19:17 Nativism Activism and the threats against Democracy in Europe

23:15 Populism and the concept of Popular Sovereignty

27:28 Neoliberalism against Democracy and the Right-Wing Nationalism

31:31Different Types of Democracies, Cross-Border identities and the Role of Memory

38:52 Importance of Academic Research and Future of the Center for Global Studies

#30 BIG Podcast - “Democracy, Migration Studies and Border Studies: Bridges and/or Gaps” - With: Oliver Schmidtke, Political scientist, Director of the Center for Global Studies – Victoria, Canada; (PART 1)

Classically, Migration Studies explore all mobility regimes of human groups. There is a spectrum of public policies ranging from the migration of high-skilled workers to refugees. For the Migration Studies, national borders provide a form of social closure. Traditionally, Borders refer to issues that are fundamental to political community (state sovereignty, territorial delimitation, national security, political identity). And for this reason, borders are also instruments for regulating flows, policy tool for inclusion/exclusion. Several authors have pointed out a form of gap between Border Studies and Migration Studies. That there was a lack of cross-fertilization between these two research traditions. And some populist and nationalist discourses can exploit the ambivalence of the borders and the confusion around it. We will discuss about all the relations between democracy, migration and borders and get answers with Oliver Schmidtke.

Websites:

BIG Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://biglobalization.org  ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

JMN Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.uvic.ca/humanities/intd/europe/eu-grants/network/hmsdata-20-23/index.php⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Subscribe: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/2AL0HbO⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 

Facebook: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/BordersInGlobalization⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 

Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/big_uvic ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

TIME MARKERS

03:34 The Links between Migration Studies and Border Studies

07:16 Migration Studies and the concept of Border

13:16 Liberal paradox, Physical Walls and Administrative Walls

20:41 Ethical Challenges and The Hardening of Borders

26:58 No Borders and Mutual Assistance at Borders in Migration Studies

33.32 National Imagination of Borders and Migrations

With: David J. Breeze – British archaeologist and scholar of Hadrian's Wall⁠, the Antonine's Wall⁠ and the Roman army⁠; Chairman of the International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies from 2000 to 2015

A second wall was built to the north of Hadrian's Wall from 141-142 AD until 155 AD but was abandoned militarily in 164. This is the Antonine’s Wall (three meters high with a fence along the top, length of approximately 60 km with seventeen forts, other ‘fortlets’ and ramparts built from layers of turf and bordered north by a ditch 12 m wide at the top with a depth of 4 m; with also one military path south of the rampart, bath-houses, barracks, and around 7,000 soldiers living all along). Unlike Hadrian, Emperor Antoninus (reigned 138–161) never set foot in the province of Britannia. By ordering the construction of this wall further north, Antoninus therefore modified Hadrian's legacy in terms of frontier policies. What functions did the borders of the Roman Empire have? What functions did Hadrian's Wall have? Can the frontiers of the Roman Empire be considered strict separations between the civilized (Roman) world and the world of the barbarians ("qui barbaros Romanosque Divideret")? How is archeology an interesting and relevant discipline for Border Studies? We will discuss all this and get answers with archeologist David J. Breeze.

Websites:

BIG Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://biglobalization.org  ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

JMN Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.uvic.ca/humanities/intd/europe/eu-grants/network/hmsdata-20-23/index.php⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Subscribe: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/2AL0HbO⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 

Facebook: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/BordersInGlobalization⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 

Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/big_uvic ⁠⁠⁠⁠

Time Markers:

00:01 How was a normal day in Hadrian's Wall camp or fort? Vindolanda Tablets Answers.

07:44 Archeological Evidence of Customs Relations at the Frontiers?

10:36 Antonine’s Wall/ Hadrian's Wall: Comparison

19:41 The great flexibility of the Romans in the organization of their numerous and diverse frontiers

24:56 Fall of the Roman Empire: Which borders were the most difficult and fragile to defend?

30:00 Frontiers of the Roman Empire and UNESCO World Heritage Sites

32:37 How is archeology an interesting and relevant discipline for Border Studies?