For the third episode of Budapest, I spoke to Péter Krekó, director of the Political Capital Institute and one of Hungary's leading experts on disinformation, working in partnership with the European Digital Media Observatory. As a behavioral and political scientist as well as a disinformation expert, in this episode he takes us into the nuances of a regime that can be considered hybrid.

Since 2010, Viktor Orbán and Fidesz have transformed Hungary into a hybrid regime by reshaping institutions and consolidating control over the media. Rather than relying on open repression, the government built an "informational autocracy," manipulating the media landscape to tilt the electoral playing field.

Hungary is heading toward its 2026 elections: will the government change, and with it its relationship with the European Union?

In this episode:

• The Orbán model: from 2010 to the current hybrid regime
• Who is still supporting Viktor Orbán
• How media pluralism shapes democracy
• Hungary and its membership in the European Union
• The relationship between Giorgia Meloni and Viktor Orbán

With reason, not rage.

Timestamps:

• 1:15 — What is your Budapest? 
• 4:30 — Not Just a Common Election: The Rise of Orbán in 2010
• 7:15 — How Orbán Captured the Media
• 11:10 — Has Hungary Given Up on Democracy? 
• 20:40 — What an Orbán Voter Looks Like
• 25:25 — How an Independent European Think Tank Can Survive in a Hybrid Regime 
• 31:15 — An Ambiguous Triangle: EU, Hungary and Italy 
• 35:00 — The Peacock Dance
• 40:00 — Giorgia Meloni Seen from Budapest" 
• 50:18 — Democracy Needs Pluralist Media

Author and host: Ivan Scalfarotto

Editor and social media: Ludovica Taurisano

Graphic designer: Paola De Bartolo

Visual identity: Martina Santurri

Sound designer: Enrico Cabua

For the second episode of Budapest, I was joined by Cecilia Malmström — former MEP, European Commissioner, and Swedish EU Minister — one of the key figures in European Union trade policy over the past two decades.

Trade was long conceived as a strategy to strengthen bonds between countries, and helped hundreds of millions come out of poverty. When did it become a means for aggressive foreign policies? Together with Cecilia, we explore international trade — its potential for the EU and beyond — despite the populist fantasy of self-sufficient national economies.

In this episode:

∙ Trade as a weapon

∙ European commercial policy: what we are doing right or wrong

∙ The true impact of Donald Trump’s tariffs on our economies

∙ Which countries are still benefiting from WTO

∙ The legacy of populism on international trade

With reason, not rage.

Timestamps

1:33 – What Budapest means to Cecilia Malmström

2:55 – Trade: from tool for cooperation to its weaponization

7:32 – Can the EU still act as one?

12:55 – The new relationship with NATO

14:48 – How the EU is handling tariffs and why it’s hard to negotiate with Donald Trump

21:13 – The Airbus affair

24:00 – The US no longer like us: can we still be friends?

25:15 – How the WTO is doing and how China is benefiting from it

29:48 – Populists are manipulating Mercosur

40:41 – We need to see positive benefits of trade in domestic policies

46:44 – Do not obey in advance

Author and host: Ivan Scalfarotto

Editor and social media: Ludovica

Taurisano

Graphic designer: Paola De Bartolo

Visual identity: Martina Santurri

Sound designer: Enrico Cabua

In my inaugural episode, I sit down with Nathalie Tocci — Director of the Istituto Affari Internazionali, former special advisor to EU High Representatives Mogherini and Borrell, and one of Europe's leading voices on foreign policy.

From Trump's legacy to Greenland, from Iran's streets to Meloni's true intentions, we map the global state of liberal democracy — where it's crumbling, where it's holding, and what we can do about it.

In this episode:

• ​What the US can (and cannot) resist
• ​Venezuela, Iran, and the limits of protest
• ​Is a new colonial order emerging?
• ​Europe's internal enemies
• ​One concrete thing you can do to defend democracy

With reason, not rage.

Timestamps:

0:57 What is your Budapest?

4:55 Trump's legacy for the United States

6:38 The errors analysts make

8:32 US vs the illiberal virus: past vs present

12:15 From Venezuela to Greenland: the changing liberal order

21:50 What oppositions in Iran and Venezuela can expect

27:00 A new colonial order?

31:55 European liberal democracies today

41:19 The enemy within Europe

44:55 Mamdani's victory explained

49:45 What Meloni really thinks

52:00 What we can do to defend democracy

52:27 Conclusions

Author and host: Ivan Scalfarotto

Editor and social media: Ludovica Taurisano

Graphic designer: Paola De Bartolo

Visual identity: Martina Santurri

Sound designer: Enrico Cabua

Budapest is a podcast about the crisis of liberal democracy.

Why it happens. How we fight back.