Dr. Hemant Kakkar, Associate Professor of Organisational Behaviour at the Indian School of Business (ISB), shares key insights from his research, “To Give a Fish or to Teach How to Fish: Examining Leaders’ Autonomy and Dependency Helping Behaviors,” highlighting how leaders navigate the balance between enabling independence and offering direct support.
The main points are:
• The research distinguishes between dependency help (solving problems for employees) and autonomy help (guiding employees to solve problems themselves), showing that autonomy help builds long-term capability.
• Dominance-oriented leaders, often with a zero-sum mindset, tend to give dependency help to maintain control, whereas prestige-oriented leaders, with a non-zero-sum mindset, emphasize autonomy help and employee development.
• Status threats amplify dominant leaders’ zero-sum thinking and dependency help, while prestige leaders remain consistent in offering autonomy help.
• Autonomy help works best for learning- and development-focused tasks in psychologically safe cultures, whereas dependency help is better suited to urgent, routine, or crisis situations.
• Organizations should evaluate helping by effectiveness, reward collaboration and experimentation, and support leaders in shifting toward autonomy-oriented help, which, though slower initially, creates greater long-term organizational value.
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