菜英文- 日本神奇『英文閱讀』115＃英文學習 ＃多益
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1 How to make cash payments付款 as fast as cashless無現金 payments?

2 With Apple Pay and Android Pay release釋出 the new age of mobile可動的 payment, cash-based payment seems似乎 obsolete淘汰.

3 After all畢竟, it takes so much time for the clerk店員 to count your money, open the cash register結帳櫃台, and prepare準備 your change零錢.

4 Swiping刷 your credit card or tapping輕拍 your smartphone is just much faster.

5 I was shocked驚訝 when I saw the speed速度 of automated自動化 cash register machines in supermarkets市場. 

6 With these machines機器, the clerk simply has to insert插入 the bills into the machine’s slot投幣孔, and before you can finish “cashless payment,” your change is calculated計算 and out.

7 Japan’s automatic自動 cash register machines are not only incredibly難以至信 fast, but they also help eliminate消除 human error錯誤.

8 This is, of course, a testament證明 to the brilliant聰明 engineering工程 prowess非凡能力 of the Japanese. 

9 Japanese engineering — and it focuses專注 on the concept觀念 of continuous持續 improvement改善 — incorporates合併 iterative反覆的 design, practiced實踐 by millions of designers around the world every day.

10 So what makes the difference不同 between a Japanese cash register, for example?

11 It’s the amount of focus spent on designing the machine. 

12 It’s the “continuous” in continuous improvement.

13 Crucially關鍵地, It’s the final最後 few steps that push your design設計 beyond超越 "good enough" to "magical神奇."

14 How to solve a bottleneck貧頸 in one step

15 In Singapore, train stations車站 constantly經常 deal with the problem of overcrowding擁擠. 

16 With an annual一年的 ridership乘客數 equal等於 to the world’s population人口, is no exception例外.

17 Fare gates匝門 are potential潛在 bottlenecks in train stations, especially特別是 in rail systems鐵路系統 that use card-based卡片為主 payment systems. 

18 You can see why by looking at the typical典型的 user path of a passenger乘客 at a fare gate:

19 Tap輕拍 the card on the reader

20 Check the remaining剩下 value價值 on the card

21 Move past the fare gate

22 Step 2 is where bottlenecks happen since passengers usually stop to check their remaining balance結餘 before walking through the fare gates.

23 In Japan, fare gates have a slightly些微 different design to tackle交涉 this problem.

24 The fare gates have their displays螢幕 situated位於 at the other end of the gate. 

25 In other words, to check the value of your card, you have to move past the fare gate. It’s brilliant.

26 The process becomes:

27 Tap the card on the reader

28 Move past the fare gate

29 Check the remaining value on the card

30 This small difference不同 makes the process過程 much faster.

31 Instead of取代 stopping to read the numbers in front of the fare gates, you’ll be doing so while walking through the gates and out of the station.

32 On top of that, when you’re at the end of the fare gate, you’re psychologically心理學地 continuing持續 walking — partly一部份 because that’s where the gate barriers柵欄 are located位於. 

33 You instinctively本能地 step out of the fare gate and out of the station車站.

34 By changing the position位置 of the display screen螢幕 on the fare gate, Japanese designers設計師 turned a potential潛力 bottleneck貧頸 into an accelerator加速. 

35 People are now motivated動力 to move out without沒有 stopping.

36 How to make an entire全部 city accessible可進入 to the blind盲人.

37 While in Tokyo and Osaka, I was shocked by just how accessible可接近的 for the visually視覺 impaired受損.

38 Braille點字法 is everywhere.

39 In Japan, you can find Braille on the most unexpected不預期 surfaces表面 — and that is about the level of vision-impaired視力受損 accessibility可進性 in other parts of the world.

40 Take canned drinks罐裝飲料, for example舉例. 

41 For most people, it’s a no-brainer無需思考 to choose選擇 between these two cans of drinks:

42 But for the visually impaired, both cans feel identical一致. How would one differentiate鑑別 between an alcoholic酒精 can and a non-alcoholic can?

43 Thankfully感謝地, in Japan, alcoholic cans are marked標示 with Braille點字法.

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