Case By Concept

Can you say Machiavellianism? Tiggy struggles on this episode of Case By Concept.

Definition:

https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/machiavellianism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machiavellianism_(psychology)

https://psychcentral.com/lib/machiavellianism-cognition-and-emotion-understanding-how-the-machiavellian-thinks-feels-and-thrives#Void-of-empathy

In academia:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_triad

https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libezproxy.open.ac.uk/doi/epdf/10.1111/jopy.12251

https://fortune.com/well/2023/02/08/dark-personality-traits-narcissists-manipulators-in-the-workplace/#

Machiavellianism in a criminal case:

https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13018142/

https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/local-news/from-the-archives-road-rage-killers-lies-131205

Pictures:

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/watch-tv-press-conference-convinced-13020925.amp

Question:

https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/local-news/mothers-undying-love-paved-road-1010858

https://crimebodge.co.uk/answers/can-the-police-lie-to-you/#:~:text=Under these rules, police officers,your account or catch inconsistencies.

https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/law-politics/research/impact/improving-protections-for-vulnerable-people-in-police-custody#:~:text=PACE Code C&text=It sets out the rights,injury or autism spectrum condition.

How does a false confession occur? What are the repercussions? Find out in this episode of Case By Concept.

Definition

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/psychology/false-confession

In academia:

https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetailpre1989.aspx?caseid=25

https://library-search.open.ac.uk/permalink/44OPN_INST/j6vapu/cdi_crossref_primary_10_1002_bsl_826

https://library-search.open.ac.uk/permalink/44OPN_INST/j6vapu/cdi_webofscience_primary_000412826300001CitationCount

In criminal case:

https://www.barrybaines.co.uk/captivate-podcast/miscarriage-of-justice-stefan-kiszko/

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Lesley_Molseed

Pictures:

https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/news/real-life/man-touched-miscarriage-justice-visits-27095204

Question:

https://milwaukee-criminal-lawyer.com/pros-and-cons-of-a-no-contest-plea/

This week's episode covers the concept of stereotype and the case of Aileen Wuornos.

Definition:

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/stereotype

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/stereotype

In academia:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9103609/

https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/features/lhb-lhb0000190.pdf

In a case

https://capitalpunishmentincontext.org/cases/wuornos

https://www.biography.com/crime/aileen-wuornos

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aileen_Wuornos

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1945465.stm

Pictures:

https://serialkillersinfo.com/serial-killers/aileen-wuornos-serial-killer/attachment/aileen-wuornos-victims/

Question:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lori_Erica_Ruff#:~:text=Following Ruff's death, her ex,she married into the family./

Today's concept is identity and we look into Stevie Allman! Or.... maybe it isn't Stevie Allman? Listen to find out more!

Definition

https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/identity

https://www.berkeleywellbeing.com/identity.html

https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/dissociative-disorders/#:~:text=There are many possible causes,even an invasive medical procedure.

In academia

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/0950017015620767

https://www.simplypsychology.org/social-identity-theory.html

The case

https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/17/us/sister-charged-with-murder-and-identity-switch.html

https://www.oxygen.com/snapped/crime-news/sarah-mitchell-killed-sister-to-steal-her-identity

https://www.itv.com/watch/the-truth-about-my-murder/10a3805/10a3805a0003

https://luminolpod.com/blog/f/the-murder-of-stevie-allman

Pictures:

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/129710756/stevie_viola-allman

https://www.oxygen.com/snapped/crime-news/sarah-mitchell-killed-sister-to-steal-her-identity?amp

https://www.google.com/amp/s/fletchermarple.tumblr.com/post/125563896219/the-black-delilah-sarah-mitchell-47-had-been/amp

Question:

https://www.copfs.gov.uk/publications/deceased-suspects-policy/

Today we cover familicide and the case of Christopher Foster.

Definition:

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/familicide

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familicide#:~:text=Yardley, Wilson, and Lynes divide,them as surplus to requirements.

In academia:

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1524838018821955

https://www.bcu.ac.uk/news-events/news/characteristics-of-family-killers-revealed-by-first-classification-study

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0058981

https://news.npcc.police.uk/releases/report-reveals-scale-of-domestic-homicide-and-suicides-by-victims-of-domestic-abuse#:~:text=A total of 242 domestic,31 adult family homicides (AFH)

The case:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maesbrook#Osbaston_House_deaths

https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3294002/

https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/nov/22/christopher-foster-news-crime

https://weatherspark.com/h/m/45062/2008/8/Historical-Weather-in-August-2008-in-London-United-Kingdom

https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/weather/daily-graph?2008-08-26

Pictures:

https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/black-country/my-brother-shot-killed-wife-27574577.amp

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3549392/amp/Aftermath-murder-spree-Pictures-remains-1-2million-home-gutted-fire-millionaire-businessman-shot-dead-wife-daughter-horses-dogs.html

https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/memory/how-memory-works

Today we cover whether false memories can actually exist and how they impact on a criminal case. This episode features violence against children.

Definition:

https://dictionary.apa.org/false-memory

http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/False_memory

In academia:

https://www.ted.com/talks/elizabeth_loftus_how_reliable_is_your_memory?subtitle=en

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/and-the-memory-wars-wage-on

The case:

https://www.spring.org.uk/2022/12/false-memory.php

https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-08-07/crimes-of-the-times-the-george-franklin-repressed-memory-murder-case

https://www.oxygen.com/true-crime-buzz/has-the-1969-murder-of-susan-nason-been-solved

https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/showtime-buried-repressed-memory-george-franklin-susan-nason-cold-case/

https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-9th-circuit/1262954.html

https://www.eonline.com/news/1306653/murder-memories-and-a-shattered-family-the-twisted-case-unearthed-in-showtimes-buried

Pictures:

https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-08-07/crimes-of-the-times-the-george-franklin-repressed-memory-murder-case

Today's concept covers just how suggestibility can make or break an entire case. Listen to this wild story now! Check out our instagram @casebyconcept for the associated pictures.

Definition:

https://thedecisionlab.com/biases/suggestibility#

In academia:

Dudek, I. and Polczyk, R. (2024) ‘Memory distrust and suggestibility: A registered report’, Legal and criminological psychology, 29(1), pp. 100–123. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.12249.

Miura, H. and Itoh, Y. (2016) ‘The effect of suggestibility on eyewitness identifications: A comparison between showups and lineups’, Shinrigaku kenkyū, 87(1), pp. 32–39. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.87.14073.

The case:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMartin_preschool_trial

https://famous-trials.com/mcmartin/902-home

http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/mcmartin/mcmartinchrono.html

https://famous-trials.com/mcmartin/916-macfarlanetestimony

Pictures:

https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-07-17/crimes-of-the-times-mcmartin-preschool

Question

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/proven-reoffending-statistics-january-to-march-2022/proven-reoffending-statistics-january-to-march-2022#overall--offender-demographics

This week's episode covers recidivism and Roy Whiting, who repeatedly harmed young children. Be warned that this episode contains violence against children.

Definition:

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/recidivism#google_vignette

https://www.simplypsychology.org/recidivism.html

Recidivism in academia:

Yukhnenko, D. et al. (2019) ‘Recidivism rates in individuals receiving community sentences: A systematic review’, PloS one, 14(9), pp. e0222495–e0222495. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222495.

https://library-search.open.ac.uk/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=cdi_crossref_primary_10_1111_rssa_12227&context=PC&vid=44OPN_INST:VU1&lang=en&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Primo Central&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,recidivism rates uk&offset=0

Yukhnenko, D., Sridhar, S. and Fazel, S. (2020) ‘A systematic review of criminal recidivism rates worldwide: 3-year update’, Wellcome open research, 4, pp. 28–28. Available at: https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14970.3.

Farley, H. and Pike, A. (2016) Engaging prisoners in education: Reducing risk and recidivism.

The case:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Sarah_Payne#Roy_Whiting

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2001/dec/12/childprotection

https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/sarah-payne-murder-20-anniversary-17851627

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leeds-68288302

https://www.sarsas.org.uk/who-we-are/history/

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-40640940

Pictures:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leeds-68288302.amp

https://www.chillingcrimes.com/blogs/news/sarah-payne

Question:

https://prisonjobs.blog.gov.uk/your-a-d-guide-on-prison-categories/

James was in charge of editing in this week's episode of Case by Concept, could you tell? Today we cover psychopathy and a very dangerous man who killed many and claimed to kill more. Let us know your thoughts on instagram @casebyconcept!

Question:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mental_disorders

Definition:

https://www.verywellhealth.com/sociopath-vs-psychopath-characteristics-and-differences-5193369#:~:text=Although the terms are often,neither is an official diagnosis.&text=Of the two, psychopathy is,to love or feel remorse.

https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/psychopath-sociopath-differences

https://www.healthline.com/health/psychopath#vs-sociopath

Amount of psychopaths in prison:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160252709000247#:~:text=requisite number of-,Prevalence,%, 3.3–10.6).

Amount of psychopaths

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8374040/

Coined the term:

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4059069/#:~:text=The term psychopathy comes from,which literally means suffering soul.

OPD Pathway

https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PRN00321-The-offender-personality-disorder-pathway-a-joint-strategy-for-2023-to-2028.pdf

The case:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Mackay

Picture:

https://www.kentlive.news/news/kent-news/patrick-mackay-kents-most-notorious-8155402

How can schizophrenia affect life? How many people in the world have it? Tune in to this week's episode all about schizophrenia and the intriguing case of Michael Laudor.

Definition:

https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia

Who first described it:

https://livingwithschizophreniauk.org/information-sheets/schizophrenia-a-brief-history/#:~:text=7,at the university in Estonia.

WHO:

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schizophrenia

Schizophrenia and childhood abuse:

Engelstad, K.N. et al. (2019) ‘Increased prevalence of psychopathy and childhood trauma in homicide offenders with schizophrenia compared to nonviolent individuals with schizophrenia’, Nordic journal of psychiatry, 73(8), pp. 501–508. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2019.1656777.

Crime:

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4905518/#:~:text=The prevalence of convictions for,in the sibling comparison sample.

Story:

https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2023/05/american-madness-schizophrenia-mental-illness/673490/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Laudor#:~:text=Michael B.,during an episode of psychosis.

https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/19/nyregion/from-mental-illness-to-yale-to-murder-charge.html

https://medium.com/@marzen.sarah/the-unfortunate-story-of-michael-laudor-bad2c191235e

https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/09/nyregion/voyage-bedlam-part-way-back-yale-law-graduate-schizophrenic-encumbered-invisible.html

https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/the-two-faces-of-michael-1166821.html

Picture:

https://nypost.com/2023/05/10/poster-boy-for-safe-schizophrenia-was-to-be-played-by-brad-pitt-before-the-author-murdered-his-pregnant-fiancee/