Jim and I review catch up contributions across IRAs and workplace plans using questions from the Ed Slott training quiz. We clarify the $1,000 IRA catch up (now indexed), explain the age 60–63 super catch up in 401(k)/403(b) plans, and outline the Roth mandate that will require high earners’ catch ups to go to the Roth side. I focus on what’s actually changing and where these rules create practical planning tradeoffs.

Chris and I dig into the latest Ed Slott quiz, focusing heavily on catch up contributions and how Secure Act 2.0 continues to reshape the rules. We start by clarifying what’s true and false about the standard catch up, then dive into the new super catch up available between ages 60 and 63. I explain why I find this provision frustrating, since adding a few thousand dollars so late in the game hardly moves the needle compared to what earlier compounding could have achieved.

And here’s the part that drives me nuts: Congress pats itself on the back for giving people in their 60s this special window, but where was that option decades earlier when it really mattered? If you let someone in their 30s or 40s make bigger contributions, you give compounding time to actually do its job. Instead, they created a rule that looks generous but, in practice, is mostly symbolic.

From there, we tackle the Roth mandate for higher earners. If your wages exceed the threshold, your additional catch up dollars must go into the Roth side of the plan. That’s going to be a big surprise for many workers who are used to putting everything pre-tax, especially in higher-cost states where salaries above the threshold aren’t unusual. The upshot is that many workers in this situation will find their catch up contributions directed into a Roth account, which takes away the immediate deduction but allows those dollars to grow and be withdrawn tax-free later in retirement.

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