In this episode, we’ll explore the distinct characteristics of prokaryotic cells and what sets them apart from more complex cell types. We’ll discuss the presence of plasmids—small DNA rings that enable genetic information exchange. We’ll examine how prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts, relying on alternative methods for respiration and photosynthesis. Finally, we’ll consider their genetic material, which exists as a single DNA loop in the cytoplasm instead of a nucleus, highlighting how their structural simplicity contributes to their unique functional capabilities.

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