Summary: Cold-Related Deaths in the US (1999–2022)

1. Overview and Trends

• Cold-related deaths more than doubled over the study period.

• 40,079 deaths recorded; age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) rose from 0.44 (1999) to 0.92 (2022) per 100,000 population (109% increase).

• A significant upward trend began in 2017, with an annual percentage change (APC) of 12.1%.

2. Demographic Insights

• Age: Mortality was highest among individuals aged ≥75 years (4.23/100,000 in 2022).

• Largest Increase: Adults aged 45–74 years experienced the steepest rise (APC: 4.8%).

• Gender: Males consistently exhibited higher mortality than females, although both increased significantly.

• Race/Ethnicity:

• Highest Rates: American Indian/Alaska Native populations (6.26/100,000).

• Fastest Growth: Hispanic populations (APC: 4.1%).

3. Regional Patterns

• Midwest: Highest mortality (1.41/100,000) and steepest increase (APC: 4.3%).

• Northeast: Recorded the smallest increase.

4. Public Health Implications

• Rising Deaths Despite Global Warming: Likely driven by extreme winter events, homelessness, and social isolation.

• At-Risk Populations: Older adults and marginalized communities face the greatest risk.

• Recommendations:

• Expand access to warming centers.

• Enhance community awareness of cold-related risks.

• Support research into climate change impacts on health.

Conclusion:

The sharp increase in cold-related mortality rates highlights the growing importance of climate-adaptive health strategies and targeted interventions for vulnerable populations.