According to our respective governments, both events came as a complete surprise to the U.S. and Israeli National Security Agencies, both came at times when normally acute surveillance systems were completely shut down and defensive assets were on uncharacteristic military stand down, both became justification for strong retaliatory offensive acts against broadly defined "terrorists" including in civilian areas, and both events demanded mass retaliation and expansive changes in law that gave U.S. and Israeli leadership indiscriminate power to eliminate all perceived enemies of the state.