CrashCourse

In which John Green teaches you about the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, doing business as the VOC, also known as the Dutch East India Company. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Dutch managed to dominate world trade, and they did all through the pioneering use of corporations and finance. Well, they did also use some traditional methods like violently enforced monopolies, unfair trade agreements, and plain old warfare. You'll learn how the Dutch invented stuff like joint stock corporations, maritime insurance, and futures trading. Basically, how the Dutch East India Company crashed the US economy in 2008. I'm kidding. Or am I?

Citation 1: William J. Bernstein, A Splendid Exchange: How Trade Shaped the World. Grove Press. 2008. p. 218
Citation 2: Stephen R. Bown. Merchant Kings: When Companies Ruled the World, 1600-1900. New York. St. Martin’s Press. 2009. p. 28
Citation 3: Bernstein p. 223
Citation 4: Bernstein p. 228
Citation 5: Bown p. 53

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In which John relates a condensed history of India, post-Indus Valley Civilization. John explores Hinduism and the origins of Buddhism. He also gets into the reign of Ashoka, the Buddhist emperor who, in spite of Buddhism's structural disapproval of violence, managed to win a bunch of battles.

Chapters:
Introduction 00:00
The Vedas 0:55
The Caste System 1:33
Dharma 2:40
Samsara, Moksha, and Karma 3:33
Buddhism 5:18
Chutes and Ladders 8:04
Ashoka 9:18
Hinduism 11:04
Credits 11:47

Resources:
India: A History by John Keay: https://bit.ly/3uEgVxE
The Bhagavad Gita: https://bit.ly/3O8A96l
The Bhagavad Gita, Upanishads, and Rig Veda, all-in-one edition: https://bit.ly/3xqP85N

Credits:
Executive Producer: John Green
Producer: Stan Muller
Writer and historian: Raoul Meyer
Script Supervisor: Danica Johnson
Music: Jason Weidner

Thought Bubble is a product of the Smart Bubble Society: http://dft.ba/-smartbubble
the Smart Bubble Society is:
Suzanna Brusikiewicz
Jonathon Corbiere
Nick Counter
Allan Levy
James Tuer
Adam Winnik

Set Design: Donna Sink
Props: Brian McCutcheon

Photos:
David Shankbone
ClipWorks

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Minerals are amazing and they’re all around us, in the food we eat and even in our very bones. But what actually is a mineral? In this episode of Crash Course Geology, we’ll learn the basics of mineral identification and uncover the surprising connections between minerals and life itself.

Introduction: Table Salt 00:00
What is a Mineral 0:34
Identifying Minerals 2:35
Minerals and Life 7:25
Review & Credits 8:48

Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0

Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7

***
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Hank describes how cells regulate their contents and communicate with one another via mechanisms within the cell membrane.

"Concert" music used with permission from Chameleon Circuit.
This video uses sounds from Freesound.org

Table of Contents time codes:
1) Passive Transport - 1:17
2) Diffusion - 1:25
3) Osmosis - 2:12
4) Channel Proteins- 4:37
5) Active Transport - 4:58
6) ATP - 5:37
7) Transport Proteins - 6:19
8) Biolography - 6:37
9) Vesicular Transport - 9:02
10) Exocytosis - 9:21
11) Endocytosis - 9:50
12) Phagocytosis - 9:57
13) Pinocytosis - 10:29
14) Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis - 10:48

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Today we’re going to talk about urban planning — which is the design and regulation of space within urban areas. Urban planning helps weave together economic, social, and environmental goals within a region from work, to play, and living, and unsurprisingly, has a tremendous influence on people’s lives! So today, we’re going to discuss some models we’ve used to describe existing cities such as the Latin American Model, take a look at a planned city and the capital of Brazil, Brasília, and look at the impacts of the US highway system and redlining on minority Americans starting in the 1960s.

#CrashCourse #Geography #UrbanGeography

SOURCES

Planning History
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/chicago-fire-1871-and-great-rebuilding/
Latin America/Brazil
https://worldgeo.pressbooks.com/chapter/middle-and-south-america/
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Latin-American-City-Model-according-to-Ford-1996_fig1_305433398
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Model-of-Latin-American-urban-structural-development-Source-Borsdorf-Baehr-and_fig1_281024561
https://www.academia.edu/186124/Aztec_City_Planning
https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/ex/sustainablecitiescollective/bright-side-indigenous-urbanization-biodiversity/1043231/
https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/opar-2017-0010/html
https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/445/lother=es
http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/etext/llilas/vrp/holanda.pdf
https://www.britannica.com/place/Brasilia
https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20632277
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/09/170920113346.htm
https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/opar-2017-0010/html
https://www.academia.edu/186124/Aztec_City_Planning
http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/MES-SAA-06.pdf
Urban Renewal/Redlining
Sharma, Madhuri (2018) "Community Perspectives on Neighborhood Characteristics and Home-Buying Decisions," International Journal of Geospatial and Environmental Research: Vol. 5 : No. 1 , Article 3.  Available at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ijger/vol5/iss1/3 
https://www.cleveland.com/architecture/2017/05/despite_legacy_of_redlining_an.html
https://www.ideastream.org/news/redlining-racism-still-hurt-property-values-and-in-turn-school-funding
https://www.clevescene.com/cleveland/what-the-history-of-one-cleveland-neighborhood-can-teach-us-about-race-and-housing-inequality/Content?oid=9031621
https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration
https://www.nps.gov/CRMJournal/Winter2006/view1.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_renewal
General Sources
For a free and open source option for Intro to Human Geography, see: https://humangeography.pressbooks.com/
For a free and open source option for World Regional Geography, see: https://worldgeography.pressbooks.com/front-matter/introduction/
Cracking the AP Human Geography Exam: 2020 edition.  The Princeton Review.
Hobbs, Joseph J. Fundamental of World Regional Geography, 4th ed. Cengage. 2017.
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Dave Freeman, Hasan Jamal, DL Singfield, Lisa Owen, Jeremy Mysliwiec, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Erin Switzer, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Stacey Gillespie (Stacey J), Alexis B, Burt Humburg, Aziz Y, Shanta, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Rachel Creager, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team

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Where do rocks come from? In this episode of Crash Course Geology, we’ll discover how the rock cycle transforms one type of rock into another, while recycling Earth’s materials over and over again.

Introduction: Los Cuernos del Paine 00:00
Sedimentary Rock 2:25
Igneous Rock 4:02
Metamorphic Rock 5:20
The Rock Cycle 6:19
Review & Credits 7:56

Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0

Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7

***
Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
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Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Katrix , Elizabeth LaBelle, Dalton Williams, Shruti S, Kevin Knupp, Michael Maher, Chelsea S, SpaceRangerWes, Johnathan Williams, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Toni Miles, Evan Nelson, Chuck Smith, Stephen Akuffo, Reed Spilmann, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Quinn Harden, UwU, Mike Cumings, Jr., Brandon Thomas, David Fanska, Barbara Pettersen, Mitch Gresko, DexcilaDou, Ken Davidian, Andrew Woods, Gina Mancuso, AThirstyPhilosopher ., NassauLinda, Jason Terpstra, Leah H., oranjeez, Allison Wood, Emily Beazley, Roger Harms, Rie Ohta, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Triad Terrace, Jennifer Killen, Joseph Ruf, Trevin Beattie, ClareG, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Emily T, Kristina D Knight, Alex Hackman, Jason Buster, Rizwan Kassim, team dorsey, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Barrett, Bernardo Garza, Scott Harrison, Laurel Stevens, Thomas, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Breanna Bosso, Alan Bridgeman, Ian Dundore, Ken Penttinen, Erminio Di Lodovico, Constance Urist, Samantha, Perry Joyce, Tanner Hedrick, Steve Segreto, Stephen McCandless, Eric Koslow, Evol Hong, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Tandy Ratliff, Matt Curls, Katie Dean, Wai Jack Sin, Jason Rostoker, Krystle Young, Les Aker, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder
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As the 19th century gave way to the 20th, Black Americans were searching for ways to think about how and where they would fit into a post-slavery society. There were several competing schools of thought. Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois were essential to some of the most prominent ideas in this arena.

Clint's book, How the Word is Passed is available now! https://bookshop.org/a/3859/9780316492935

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Sources:
Booker T. Washington, Up From Slavery (1901; New York: Signet Classics, 2010).
W. E. B. Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk (1903; New York: Dover, 1994).
David Levering Lewis, W. E. B. Du Bois: Biography of a Race, 1868-1919 (New York: Henry Holt, 1994).
Henry Louis Gates Jr., “W. E. B. Du Bois and ‘The Talented Tenth,’” in The Future of the Race, eds. Henry Louis Gates Jr. and Cornel West (New York: Vintage Books, 1997), 115-132.
W. E. B. Du Bois, “The Talented Tenth,” in The Negro Problem, ed. Booker T. Washington (New York: James Pott & Company, 1903).

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#crashcourse #history #blackhistory

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In which John compares and contrasts Greek civilization and the Persian Empire. Of course, we're glad that Greek civilization spawned modern western civilization, right? Maybe not. From Socrates and Plato to Darius and Xerxes, John explains two of the great powers of the ancient world, all WITHOUT the use of footage from 300.

Chapters:
Introduction 00:00
The Persian Empire 0:39
An Open Letter to Aristophanes 3:33
Ionian Greek City-States 5:04
The Persian Wars 5:44
The Peloponnesian War 7:21
Did the Right Side Win the Persian Wars? 9:09
Credits 11:09

Resources:
The Histories of Herodotus: http://goo.gl/I1TM9u
Plato: http://goo.gl/GEcfWX
Plays of Aristophanes: http://goo.gl/xzb9Ff

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For most of human history, one thing has been true – we LOVE shiny things. Gems are the crown jewels (pun intended) of geology, and for thousands of years, we’ve wanted to know all about them. In today’s episode of Crash Course Geology, we’ll explore some of those burning questions, like, what are they? Where do they come from? And are they actually that special?

Learn more with these resources:
Human Rights Watch: The Hidden Cost of Jewelry https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/02/08/hidden-cost-jewelry/human-rights-supply-chains-and-responsibility-jewelry
Gemological Institute of America: The Color of Responsibility: Ethical Issues and Solutions in Colored Gemstones
https://www.gia.edu/doc/GG-SU16-Archuleta.pdf

Introduction: King Tut's Space Gem 00:00
What is a Gem 0:38
Gem Qualities 3:45
The Gem Trade 6:46
Review and Credits 8:42

Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0

Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7

***
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Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mike Cumings, Jr., NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Tanner Hedrick, Kristina D Knight, Samantha, Krystle Young, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Bernardo Garza, Trevin Beattie, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Eric Koslow, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Katie Dean, Jason Buster, Emily T, Stephen McCandless, Thomas, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder
__

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Hank tells us about the city of Eukaryopolis - the animal cell that is responsible for all the cool things that happen in our bodies.

Table of Contents time codes
1) Robert Hooke 1:59
2) Cilia/Flagella 2:52
3) Cell Membrane 3:32
4) Cytoplasm/Cytoskeleton/Centrosomes 3:58
5) Endoplasmic Reticulum 4:41
6) Ribosomes 5:45
7) Golgi Apparatus 6:00
8) Lysosomes 6:47
9) Nucleus 7:06
10) Mitochondria 9:14

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