The introduction of the e-CNY is the latest chapter in China's tumultuous relationship with cryptocurrency.
As athletes from all over the world descend on Beijing for the Winter Olympics, China used the occasion to launch the digital Yuan.
The introduction of the e-CNY is the latest chapter in China's tumultuous relationship with cryptocurrency.
In June 2021, Chinese officials renewed their crackdown on the cryptocurrency industry, ordering crypto miners to cease operations in China's Sichuan province, which was once one of the country's largest mining centres.
Advantages of 'First Mover'
China's central bank released pilot versions of its digital yuan wallet application in early January, as the country ramps up efforts to develop its official digital currency.
Senator Pat Toomey of Pennsylvania expressed concern about the digital yuan.
Toomey stated in a letter to Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen and Secretary of State Antony Blinken that "analysts have raised the e-potential CNY's to undermine US sanctions, facilitate illicit money flows, enhance China's surveillance capabilities, and provide Beijing with 'first mover' advantages, such as setting standards in cross-border digital payments."
"China's crackdown provides an opportunity for the United States to be a forerunner in crypto innovation, grounded in individual freedom and other American and democratic principles," Toomey added.
In terms of what's going on in the real world, Wall Street Journal reporter Liza Lin tweeted, "I haven't seen anyone use the digital currency yet."
Although China has cracked down on the crypto industry, "prohibiting the mining and use of bitcoin as a form of payment," Tammy Da Costa, analyst at DailyFX, stated that "digital Yuan allows regulators and the government to trace all payments made without the need for banks or other financial intermediaries."
A Danger to Global Regulators
"With global central banks now following suit," Da Costa said, "bitcoin continues to pose a threat to global regulators eager to improve the transparency of blockchain transactions." However, with stricter regulations now in place, the original cryptocurrency may be able to coexist with digital currencies."
"The Yuan is already one of the world's largest and most dominant currencies," said Keegan Francis, Finder's bitcoin and crypto specialist. "Creating a digital version will allow for greater accessibility, scalability, and efficiency when compared to government currencies that do not have a digital version."
While most currencies are already digital, Francis claims that they are not part of a central bank digital currency, or CBCD system.
"A CBDC is a single ledger controlled and operated by the respective country's central bank," he explained. "The CBDC that China is constructing is distinguished by the fact that all instances of digital Yuan are subject to centralised control."
This means that "individual accounts can easily be frozen, payments to specific destinations can be censored, and every transaction may be tracked to enhance the profile of Chinese citizens within the already established social credit system," according to Francis.
"Some of these new features contradict the development that has occurred within the world of cryptocurrency," he said. "Bitcoin transactions, on the other hand, cannot be stopped, addresses cannot be frozen, and all transactions are permanent."
Follow in the Footsteps of China
According to Francis, the implementation of a CBDC becomes an attack vector for cryptocurrencies because "the central bank can now stop transactions wherein citizens wish to acquire cryptocurrency."
"Having said that, the implementation of more authoritarian-style CBDCs creates an opposing demand for money that is more representative of freedom," he continued. "The adoption and mandatory use of CBDCs may have the opposite effect on cryptocurrencies." Instead of limiting their growth, it may draw attention to the importance of cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin."
Valentina Drofa, founder and CEO of Drofa Comms, stated that "it is obvious that the ban imposed on bitcoin by Chinese authorities aided the successful trials for the Digital Yuan project."
"While many countries are developing their own CBDCs, with a few having launched theirs, China remains the largest economy that has made significant progress, and the Olympic Games debut justifies the country's ban on bitcoin and all things crypto in the past year," she said. "By implication, other regulators may want to follow in China's footsteps, as cryptocurrencies' popularity will always pose a threat to established sovereign monetary systems."
While China serves as an example for many other countries, Drofa believes that "those who choose to regulate crypto in order to coexist with fiat and CBDC have a tendency to have a more robust and competitive financial landscape."