Cybercrimeology

About the Guest:

https://aysps.gsu.edu/profile/david-maimon-2/

The Evidence-Based Cybersecurity Research Group

https://ebcs.gsu.edu/

Papers mentioned in this episode:

MAIMON, D., ALPER, M., SOBESTO, B. and CUKIER, M. (2014), RESTRICTIVE DETERRENT EFFECTS OF A WARNING BANNER IN AN ATTACKED COMPUTER SYSTEM. Criminology, 52: 33-59. doi:10.1111/1745-9125.12028

Testa, A., Maimon, D., Sobesto, B. and Cukier, M. (2017), Illegal Roaming and File Manipulation on Target Computers. Criminology & Public Policy, 16: 689-726. doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12312

David Maimon, Theodore Wilson, Wuling Ren, Tamar Berenblum, On the Relevance of Spatial and Temporal Dimensions in Assessing Computer Susceptibility to System Trespassing Incidents, The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 55, Issue 3, May 2015, Pages 615–634, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azu104

Other:

Not mentioned at all but this series of white papers compiling evidence for particular defensive tools or strategies is very handy.  

• Existing Evidence for the Effectiveness of Antivirus in Preventing Cyber Crime Incidents, David Maimon
• Existing Evidence for the Effectiveness of Firewalls in Preventing Cyber Crime Incidents, David Maimon
• Existing Evidence for the Effectiveness of Honeypots in Preventing Cyber Crime Incidents, David Maimon
• Existing Evidence for the Effectiveness of IDS/IPS in Preventing Cyber Crime Incidents, David Maimon
• Existing Evidence for the Effectiveness of Passwords in Preventing Cyber Crime Incidents, David Maimon
• Existing Evidence for the Effectiveness of Prompt Vulnerability Patching in Preventing Cyber Crime Incidents, David Maimon

https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/ebcs_tools/ 

About the Guest:

https://www.bu.edu/met/faculty/full-time/kyung-shick-choi/

https://services.bridgew.edu/Directory/search_person.cfm?personList=1361

Papers mentioned in this episode:

Choi, K. S., & Lee, J. R. (2017). Theoretical analysis of cyber-interpersonal violence victimization and offending using cyber-routine activities theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 73, 394-402.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563217302212

Choi, K. S. (2010). Risk factors in computer-crime victimization. LFB Scholarly Pub..

https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=260371

Other:

International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime

https://vc.bridgew.edu/ijcic/

More about the Guest :

http://intra.cbcs.usf.edu/PersonTracker/common/cfm/Unsecured/criminology/bio.cfm?ID=659

Papers Mentioned in this episode:

Thomas J. Holt, George W. Burruss & Adam M. Bossler (2010) SOCIAL LEARNING AND CYBER-DEVIANCE: EXAMINING THE IMPORTANCE OF A FULL SOCIAL LEARNING MODEL IN THE VIRTUAL WORLD, Journal of Crime and Justice, 33:2, 31-61, DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2010.9721287

Burruss, G. W., Bossler, A. M., & Holt, T. J. (2013). Assessing the Mediation of a Fuller Social Learning Model on Low Self-Control’s Influence on Software Piracy. Crime & Delinquency, 59(8), 1157–1184. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128712437915

Burruss, G. W., Holt, T. J., & Bossler, A. (2019). Revisiting the Suppression Relationship Between Social Learning and Self-Control on Software Piracy. Social Science Computer Review, 37(2), 178–195. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439317753820

Other:

It is important to note that criminological theories discuss 'deviance' using the term without a negative connotation.  It is used in the sense that a set of behaviours or attitudes diverge from the usual standards for a particular society.  In this sense there is little difference between gang members, drug users, monks or fans of the insane clown posse.  To make the idea of deviancy less alien, it helps to think of non-criminal groups that are different from the mainstream. In this case we discussed drug use and bronies as a way of placing hacking and digital piracy in a context of a different social group with associated definitions and values.  Neither of us has a problem with bronies. Personally, I think that they are an important group helping to expose and break down traditional and potentially toxic gender roles.  Also, they are a great example of the importance of art in both shaping and permitting wider societal expression.  If you don't know what a brony is there are plenty of documentaries, but this page is quite helpful : https://haenfler.sites.grinnell.edu/subcultures-and-scenes/bronies/ 

Find out more about the guest:

Dr Catherine Marcum is an Assistant Chair of Government and Justice studies at Appalachian State University

https://gjs.appstate.edu/directory/dr-cathy-marcum

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Texts Mentioned in this show:

Marcum, C.D., Higgins, G.E., & Nicholson, J. (2018). Crossing Boundaries Online in Romantic Relationships: An Exploratory Study of the Perceptions of Impact on Partners by Cyberstalking Offenders. Deviant Behavior, 39(6

Marcum, C. D., Higgins, G. E., Wolfe, S. E., & Ricketts, M. L. (2011). Examining the intersection of self-control, peer association and neutralization in explaining digital piracy. Western Criminology Review, 12(3), 60.

Marcum, C. D., Higgins, G. E., & Ricketts, M. L. (2014). Sexting behaviors among adolescents in rural North Carolina: a theoretical examination of low self-control and deviant peer association. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 8(2).

Marcum, C. D., Higgins, G. E., Ricketts, M. L., & Wolfe, S. E. (2014). Hacking in high school: Cybercrime perpetration by juveniles. Deviant Behavior, 35(7), 581-591.

More:

You can learn about the DARE Program here:

https://www.history.com/topics/1980s/just-say-no

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_Abuse_Resistance_Education

The introduction from this show was extracted from an educational show about the value of science. Check out the Prelinger archives for public domain videos containing interesting history. A wonderful resource.  https://archive.org/details/prelinger

Find out more about the guest:

Dr. Tom Holt is a Professor in the School of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University. 

https://cj.msu.edu/directory/holt-thomas.html

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Texts Mentioned in this show:

Holt, T. J., & Bossler, A. M. (2015). Cybercrime in progress: Theory and prevention of technology-enabled offenses. Routledge.

https://www.routledge.com/Cybercrime-in-Progress-Theory-and-prevention-of-technology-enabled-offenses/Holt-Bossler/p/book/9781138024168

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Deterrence Theory 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/deterrence-theory

General Theory - Self control 

https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195396607/obo-9780195396607-0004.xml?

Social Learning Theory 

https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195396607/obo-9780195396607-0002.xml?

Sub-Cultures of Crime 

https://soztheo.de/theories-of-crime/learning-subculture/subcultural-theory-cohen/?lang=en

Techniques of Neutralization and Drift

https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195396607/obo-9780195396607-0140.xml

Actor Network Theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor%E2%80%93network_theory

Drake presents a story of moving from the bottom to here, not sure where here is though.    https://youtu.be/RubBzkZzpUA

Gauthier and Forsyth provide an analysis of "Bug-Chasing". 

K. Gauthier, D., & J. Forsyth, C. (1999). Bareback sex, bug chasers, and the gift of death. Deviant Behavior, 20(1), 85-100.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/016396299266605

If you are curious about the rules of the internet, bear in mind that these have always been very dynamic.  The link below shows a list.  Keep in mind that a lot of this is a joke, and there was never any real process for deciding on this rules, apart from they should be funny.  Rumour is that rule 34 was the first rule.  If you have no idea what this is all about then take care in researching as it is all 'fringe' internet culture, mostly NSFW and some things cannot be unseen.   The link below is picture free, apart from some ascii graphics. 

https://web.archive.org/web/20160217040548/http://rulesoftheinternet.com/index.php?title=Main_Page

The introduction from this show was extracted from an educational show about the value of science. Check out the Prelinger archives for public domain videos containing interesting history. A wonderful resource.  https://archive.org/details/prelinger

Find out more about the guest:

http://rasmusmunksgaard.net/

Darknet and Anonymous Research Center

https://www.thedarc.org/en/

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Papers Mentioned in this Show:

Cryptomarkets: A Research Companion (2019) James Martin, Jack Cunliffe and Rasmus Munksgaard, Emerald Group Publishing, ISBN 1838670300, 9781838670306

Martin, J., Munksgaard, R., Coomber, R., Demant, J., & Barratt, M. J. (2019). Selling Drugs on Darkweb Cryptomarkets: Differentiated Pathways, Risks and Rewards. The British Journal of Criminology.

https://www.gwern.net/docs/sr/2019-martin.pdf

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Other notes:

Commando was apparently upset because his daughter was kidnapped by a friend. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0088944/

Rambo was struggling with PTSD in First blood, in the rest of the movies he seems to be trying to end war by shooting it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rambo_(franchise)

Demolition man appears to be making a case for police brutality, still a great film though. Stalone is upset because he can't operate three shells and Snipes is upset because he was paying tax. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0106697/

John Wick was upset because he had retired and had recently formed a close bond with a car and a dog. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2911666/

Nice Burn at 34:20 Rasmus!, action movies were popular culture once upon a time :p.

In Breaking Bad, Walter White started selling meth for the money, not sure that was the only reason by the end of the show. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0903747/

The introduction for this episode was extracted from Gangbusters, a radio show from the 1950s. It was supposedly a series of dramatized real FBI cases. Produced and directed by Phillips H. Lord together with Bureau director J. Edgar Hoover. Crime Awareness way back when. You can find it and other public domain resources at archive.org, https://archive.org/details/Gangbusters-Otr.

Find out more about the researcher:

https://people.clas.ufl.edu/natalieebner/

Papers Mentioned in this show:

Ebner, N. C., Ellis, D. M., Lin, T., Rocha, H. A., Yang, H., Dommaraju, S., & Oliveira, D. S. (2018). Uncovering susceptibility risk to online deception in aging. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B.

http://www.daniela.ece.ufl.edu/Research_files/gerontology18.pdf

More to read:

Lin, T., Capecci, D. E., Ellis, D. M., Rocha, H. A., Dommaraju, S., Oliveira, D. S., & Ebner, N. C. (2019). Susceptibility to Spear-Phishing Emails: Effects of Internet User Demographics and Email Content. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 26(5), 1-28.

https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3336141

Oliveira, D.S., Lin, T., Rocha, H. et al. Empirical analysis of weapons of influence, life domains, and demographic-targeting in modern spam: an age-comparative perspective. Crime Sci 8, 3 (2019) doi:10.1186/s40163-019-0098-8

https://crimesciencejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40163-019-0098-8

The intro from this show is from an educational video from the Prelinger Archives.  https://archive.org/details/prelinger

More About  the researcher:

https://www.northumbria.ac.uk/about-us/our-staff/n/james-nicholson/

Papers mentioned in this episode:

Nicholson, J., Coventry, L., & Briggs, P. (2019, April). If It's Important It Will Be A Headline: Cybersecurity Information Seeking in Older Adults. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (p. 349). ACM.

https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3290605.3300579

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The introduction was from a video on the importance of radio.  Check out the Prelinger archives for public domain videos containing interesting history. https://archive.org/details/prelinger   

"Turn up your Radio"  was a song by Australian Rock group the Master's Apprentices.  If you read this far, treat yourself ;)/ 

Learn more about Dr. Ruth Shillair:

https://comartsci.msu.edu/our-people/ruth-shillair

Papers Mentioned in this Show:

Mind the Gap: Perceived Self- Efficacy, Domain Knowledge and Their Effects on Responses to a Cybersecurity Compliance Message

https://search.proquest.com/openview/4f7a33e56a07c7f9a3ecfb816a22fbdc/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y

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Multiple Sources for Security: Seeking Online Safety Information and their Influence on Coping Self-efficacy and Protection Behavior Habits

https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/41766

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Robin L. Nabi, David Roskos-Ewoldsen & Francesca Dillman Carpentier (2008) Subjective Knowledge and Fear Appeal Effectiveness: Implications for Message Design, Health Communication, 23:2, 191-201, DOI: 10.1080/10410230701808327

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10410230701808327?casa_token=UmsHgY2iyLgAAAAA%3AIyyjYaafyC6VtNphiIwzJWYo95cZdEU4m7QYF-TRtcRcsHtV0iwXoJg4wveyaMmmMRQypbXSf03e-w

The introduction was from a PSA on the dangers of bad habits.  Check out the Public Domain content of the Prelinger archives for more interesting historical recordings. https://archive.org/details/prelinger

Find out more about Dr Leukfedlt:

https://www.nscr.nl/en/author/rutger/

https://www.cybercrimeworkingroup.com/rutger-leukfeldt

Publication mentioned in the Podcast:

A typology of cybercriminal networks: from low-tech all-rounders to high-tech specialists

Leukfeldt, E.R., Kleemans, E.R. & Stol, W.P. Crime Law Soc Change (2017) 67: 21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9662-2

News article:

Cryptocurrency Entrepreneur and Investor Michael Terpin Sues “Too Big to Care” AT&T for Permitting $23.8 Million Theft in “SIM Swap” Scam by Authorized Agent

https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/08/15/1552594/0/en/Cryptocurrency-Entrepreneur-and-Investor-Michael-Terpin-Sues-Too-Big-to-Care-AT-T-for-Permitting-23-8-Million-Theft-in-SIM-Swap-Scam-by-Authorized-Agent.html

More Background for this discussion:

Criminal networks in a digitised world: on the nexus of borderless opportunities and local embeddedness

Leukfeldt, E.R., Kleemans, E.R., Kruisbergen, E.W. et al. Trends Organ Crim (2019) 22: 324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-019-09366-7

Book

The Human Factor of Cybercrime

by Rutger Leukfeldt, Thomas J. Holt

https://www.crcpress.com/The-Human-Factor-of-Cybercrime/Leukfeldt-Holt/p/book/9781138624696