In the latest episode ofThe New Stack Agents, Naveen Rao, VP of AI at Databricks and a former neuroscientist, reflects on the evolution of AI, neural networks, and the energy constraints that define both biological and artificial intelligence. Rao, who once built circuit systems as a child and later studied the brain’s 20-watt efficiency at Duke and Brown, argues that current AI development—relying on massive energy-intensive data centers—is unsustainable. He believes true intelligence should emerge from low-power, efficient systems, more aligned with biological computing.

Rao warns that the industry is headed toward “model collapse,” where large language models (LLMs) begin training on AI-generated content instead of real-world data, leading to compounding inaccuracies and hallucinations. He stresses the importance of grounding AI in reality and moving beyond brute-force scaling. Rao sees intelligence not just as a function of computing power, but as a distributed, observational system—“life is a learning machine,” he says—hinting at a need to fundamentally rethink how we build AI.

Learn more from The New Stack about the latest insights about the evolution of AI and neural networks: 

The 50-Year Story of the Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of Neural Networks

The Evolution of the AI Stack: From Foundation to Agents

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