Deconstructing Disney

Episode Summary

Journey back to the Middle Ages for a discussion of The Sword in the Stone (1963), a film beset with sexism and classism befitting its medieval setting. The last fully animated film before Walt Disney’s death in 1966, this story of Arthurian legend leaves a lot to be desired in terms of plot and songwriting as well. Erin and Rachel try to make up for the latter with some singing of their own, and for that, they sincerely apologize. 

Episode Bibliography

Griffin, M., Harding, N., & Learmonth, M. (2017). Whistle while you work? Disney animation, organizational readiness and gendered subjugation. Organization Studies, 38(7), 869-894. 

Hovdestad, W. E., Hubka, D., & Tonmyr, L. (2009). Unwanted personal contact and risky situations in ten Disney animated feature films. Child Abuse Review, 18, 111-126. 

Lawson, A., & Fouts, G. (2004). Mental illness in Disney animated films. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(5), 310-314. 

Ness, M. (2015, August 6). In Need of a Villain: Disney's The Sword in the Stone. Tor.com. Retrieved October 14, 2020, from https://www.tor.com/2015/08/06/in-need-of-a-villain-disneys-the-sword-in-the-stone/

Pugh, T., & Aronstein, S. (Eds.). (2012).  The Disney middle ages: A fairy tale and fantasy past. Palgrave.

[redmorgankidd]. (2014, January 2). Music Magic: The Sherman Brothers. Youtube. Retrieved October 21, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ZDV8bQdga8

Reitherman, W. (Directors). (1963). The Sword in the Stone [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.

Robinson, T., Callister, M., Magoffin, D., & Moore, J. (2007). The portrayal of older characters in Disney animated films. Journal of Aging Studies, 21, 203-213. 

Stock, L.K. (2015). Reinventing an iconic Arthurian moment: The sword in the stone in films and television. Arthuriana, 25(4), 66-83. 

The Sword in the Stone (1963 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved October 18, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sword_in_the_Stone_(1963_film)

Torlina, J. (2011). Working class: Challenging myths about blue-collar labor. Lynne Rienner Publishers. 

Torregrossa, M. (1999). Merlin goes to the movies: The changing role of Merlin in Cinema Arthuriana. Film & History, 29(3-4), 54-65.

Variety Staff. (1962, December 31). The Sword in the Stone. Variety. Retrieved October 13, 2020, from https://variety.com/1962/film/reviews/the-sword-in-the-stone-1200420275/

Was King Arthur a real person? (2018, August 29). History.com. Retrieved October 22, 2020, from https://www.history.com/news/was-king-arthur-a-real-person

Weir, M. (2002). The American middle class and the politics of education.  In O. Zunz, L. Schoppa, & N. Hiwatari (Eds.), Social contracts under stress: The middle classes of America, Europe, and Japan at the turn of the century (pp. 178-203). Russell Sage Foundation. 

Zurcher, J. D., Brubaker, P. J., Webb, S.M., & Robinson, T. (2020). Parental roles in “The Circle of Life”: Representations of parents and parenting in Disney animated films from 1937 to 2017. Mass Communication and Society, 23, 128-150. 

Episode Summary

Like a Dalmatian’s coat is sprinkled with spots, Disney’s 1961 One Hundred and One Dalmatians has bits of sexism, racism, classism, and fatphobia sprinkled throughout. However, those questionable moments weren’t enough to sour Erin and Rachel on what is overall a heartwarming and visually interesting film. Oh, and did we mention how cute the puppies are? 

Episode Bibliography

[Ciné-DOCS]. (2019, April 12). Sincerely Yours, Walt Disney (One Hundred and One Dalmatians Behind the Scenes). Youtube. Retrieved October 6, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDg5WtLIYLM

[CKprimeval07]. (2013, January 16). The Making of 101 Dalmatians. Youtube. Retrieved October 6, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nYj3v9F97i8

Dudley, S. (2020, June 19). Lucky Dogs: A Making of 101 Dalmatians. Youtube. Retrieved October 9, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8k78RHAwczQ

Geronimi, C., Luske, H., & Reitherman, W. (Directors). (1961). One Hundred and One Dalmatians [Film]. Walt Disney Productions.

Imelda, W. (1999). "A Doggy Fairy Tale' The Film Metamorphoses of The Hundred and One Dalmatians. In Adaptations: From Text to Screen, Screen to Text (pp. 214-223). Routledge. https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/JmiTX2dNWM8C?hl=en&gbpv=0

Ness, M. (2015, July 16). Introducing Cruella de Vil: The Hundred and One Dalmatians. Tor.com. Retrieved October 7, 2020, from https://www.tor.com/2015/07/16/introducing-cruella-de-vil-the-one-hundred-and-one-dalmatians/

Ness, M. (2015, July 23). The Advent of Xerography: Disney’s One Hundred and One Dalmatians. Tor.com. Retrieved October 7, 2020, from https://www.tor.com/2015/07/23/the-advent-of-xerography-disneys-one-hundred-and-one-dalmatians/

Nickels, S. (2011, December 1). Animated children’s films: 101 Dalmatians! Bitch Flicks. http://www.btchflcks.com/2011/12/animated-childrens-films-101-dalmatians.html#.X2Y7D2hKiUk

One Hundred and One Dalmatians. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved October 6, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Hundred_and_One_Dalmatians#cite_note-45

Rosenfield, K. (2017, June 17). Things about 101 Dalmatians you only notice as an adult. Looper. https://www.looper.com/70812/things-101-dalmatians-notice-adult/

Smith, D. (1957). The hundred and one dalmatians. Heinemann. 

Steinmetz, C. (2005). 101 Dalmatians and breed popularity in the U.S. Dalmatian Club of America. https://www.thedca.org/Historical/101BreedPopularity.pdf

Thompson, H. (1961, February 11). Disney Film on Dogs. The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/1961/02/11/archives/disney-film-on-dogs.html.

Episode Summary

Can a film with a female protagonist who sleeps more than anything else be considered “feminist”? Erin and Rachel wrestle with this question and more as they discuss Sleeping Beauty (1959), Disney’s third and final princess film until the Disney Renaissance thirty years later. 

Episode Bibliography

Butler, L. (2014, November 6). How Sleeping Beauty is Accidentally the Most Feminist Animated Movie Disney Ever Made. Tor.com. https://www.tor.com/2014/11/06/how-sleeping-beauty-is-accidentally-the-most-feminist-animated-movie-disney-ever-made-and-how-maleficent-proves-it/

[CKprimeval07]. (2013, July 16). The Making of Sleeping Beauty. [Video]. Youtube. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HzjJ_XiLLyI

Crowther, B. (1959, February 18). Screen: ‘Sleeping Beauty’. The New York Times. 

https://www.nytimes.com/1959/02/18/archives/screen-sleeping-beauty.html

Dastagir, A. E. (2018, March 21). A feminist glossary because we didn’t all major in gender studies. USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/03/16/feminism-glossary-lexicon-language/99120600/

Derr, H. L. (2013, November 13). What really makes a film feminist? The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/11/what-really-makes-a-film-feminist/281402/

Do Rozario, R. C. (2004). The princess and the magic kingdom: Beyond nostalgia, the function of the Disney princess. Women’s Studies in Communication, 27(1), 34-59.

England, D. E., Descartes, L., Collier-Meek, M. A. (2011). Gender role portrayal and the Disney princesses. Sex Roles, 64, 555-567. 

Geronimi, C. (Director). (1959). Sleeping Beauty [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.

Hovdestad, W. E., Hubka, D., & Tonmyr, L. (2009). Unwanted personal contact and risky situations in ten Disney animated feature films. Child Abuse Review, 18, 111-126. 

Murray, N. (2014, October 6). Sleeping Beauty. The Dissolve.

https://thedissolve.com/reviews/1118-sleeping-beauty/

Ness, M. (2015, July 9). The Last of the Classic Disney Greats: Sleeping Beauty. Tor.com.

https://www.tor.com/2015/07/09/the-last-of-the-classic-disney-greats-sleeping-beauty/

Ness, M (2015, July 23). The Advent of Xerography: Disney’s One Hundred and One Dalmatians. 

Tor.com. https://www.tor.com/2015/07/23/the-advent-of-xerography-disneys-one-hundred-and-one-dalmatians/

“Sleeping Beauty”. (1959, January 31). Harrison’s Reports, 41 (5), 18. 

https://archive.org/stream/harrisonsreports41harr#page/n21/mode/2up

"Sleeping Beauty". Harrison's Reports. Vol. 41 no. 5. January 31, 1959. p. 18. Retrieved February 

22, 2020 – via Internet Archive.

Sleeping Beauty (1959 film). (2020, September 8). In Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeping_Beauty_(1959_film)

Tóth, Z. A. (2017). Disney’s violent women: In quest of a ‘fully real’ violent woman in American cinema. Brno Studies in English, 43(1), 185-212.

Episode Summary

Join Erin and Rachel as they examine the surprising amount of ethnocentrism and classism imbued in the 1955 classic Lady and the Tramp. Walt Disney Studios did its part to promote the myth of the American melting pot while also cautioning audiences about the "yellow peril," memorably embodied by the infamous Siamese cats who disrupt Lady's idyllic Victorian home life. 

Episode Bibliography

Akita, K., & Kenney, R. (2013). A “vexing implication”: Siamese cats and Orientalist mischief-making. In J. Cheu (Ed.), Diversity in Disney films: Critical essays on race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality and disability (pp. 38-49). McFarland & Company, Inc.  

Axinn, J. & Levin, H. (1975). Social welfare: A history of American response to need. Harper & Row.

Cavendish, R. (2014) Siam Becomes Thailand. History Today, 64 (2).

https://www.historytoday.com/archive/siam-becomes-thailand

Chang and Eng Bunker. (2020, August 23). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_and_Eng_Bunker

Geronimi, C., Jackson, W., & Luske, H. (Directors). (1955). Lady and the Tramp [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.

Goldmark, D., & McKnight, U. (2008) Locating America: Revisiting Disney's Lady and the Tramp. Social Identities, 14(1), 101-120, DOI: 10.1080/13504630701848705

Greene, W. (1945). Happy Dan: The cynical dog. Cosmopolitan. 118(2): 19-21.

Greene, W. (1953). Lady and the Tramp: The story of two dogs. Simon. 

Lady and the Tramp. (2020, August 23). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_and_the_Tramp

Ma, S. (2003).  Rodgers and Hammerstein's “Chopsticks' musicals.” Literature/Film Quarterly, 31(1), 17–26.

Ness, M. (2016, September 8). The First True Disney Romance: Lady and the Tramp. Tor.com.

https://www.tor.com/2016/09/08/the-first-true-disney-romance-lady-and-the-tramp/

Rabuy, B., & Kopf, D. (2015, July 9). Prisons of poverty: Uncovering the pre-incarceration incomes of the imprisoned. Prison Policy Initiative. https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/income.html

Siede, C. (2015, August 3). Lady And The Tramp is Walt Disney’s most grown-up film. AV Club.

https://film.avclub.com/lady-and-the-tramp-is-walt-disney-s-most-grown-up-film-1798282631

Smith, D. M.  (2012) The American melting pot: A national myth in public and popular discourse. National Identities, 14(4), 387-402, DOI: 10.1080/14608944.2012.732054 

Spector, A. J. (1998). Disney does diversity: The social context of racial-ethnic imagery. In  (Y. R. Kamalipour & T. Carilli, (Eds.), Cultural Diversity in the U.S. Media (pp. 39-50). SUNY Press.

Waters, M. C., & Jiménez, T. R. (2005). Assessing immigrant assimilation: New empirical and theoretical challenges. Annual Review of Sociology, 31, 105-125.

Episode Summary

Erin and Rachel have A LOT of thoughts (just under two hours worth) about Peter Pan (1953), a film so full of racism and sexism, they’re left scratching their heads about why this Disney classic is so beloved. Join the hosts as they unpack all the different ways this movie is offensive toward indigenous people, women, and even people with disabilities! 

Episode Bibliography

Boyd, J. (2015). An examination of Native Americans in film and rise of Native filmmakers. The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 6(1), 105-113. https://www.elon.edu/docs/e-web/academics/communications/research/vol6no1/10BoydEJSpring15.pdf

Geronimi, C., Jackson, W., & Luske, H. (Directors). (1953). Peter Pan [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.

Great Ormond Street Hospital. (n.d.). The history of Peter Pan and GOSH. https://www.gosh.org/about-us/peter-pan/history

Grady, C. (2017, July 27). How the fantasy of Peter Pan turned sinister. Vox. https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/7/27/16021572/peter-pan-became-evil-jm-barrie-llewelyn-davies

Hooten, C. (2015, August 27). Please stop calling it the Bechdel Test, says Alison Bechdel. Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/please-stop-calling-it-the-bechdel-test-says-alison-bechdel-10474730.html

Joo-Young, Rognlie. (2012, November 6). Copyrights in Neverland. Harvard Journal of Sports and Entertainment Law. Retrieved from https://harvardjsel.com/2012/11/copyrights-in-neverland/

Kavey, A. B. (2008). “I do believe in fairies, I do, I do”: The history and epistemology of Peter Pan. In A. B. Kavey & L. D. Friedman, (Eds.), Second star to the right: Peter Pan in the popular imagination (pp. 75-104). Rutgers University Press. 

Lane, A. (2004, November 15). Why J. M. Barrie created Peter Pan. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2004/11/22/lost-boys

Laskow, S. (2014, December 2). The Racist History of Peter Pan’s Indian Tribe. Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/racist-history-peter-pan-indian-tribe-180953500/

Mohamed, Z. (2019, December 15). Indigenous representation in media. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/34bdcbb62ba04aa2a63a2bdc1e8accab

Moss, C. (2014, December 4). The surprisingly morbid origins of Peter Pan. The Week. https://theweek.com/articles/441765/surprisingly-morbid-origins-peter-pan#:~:text=Peter%20Pan%20originally%20debuted%20as,Who%20Wouldn't%20Grow%20Up.

National Congress of American Indians. (2017). Misappropriation of Native Identity in Film & Television. http://www.ncai.org/resources/resolutions/misappropriation-of-native-identity-in-film-television

Ohmer, S. (2008). Disney’s Peter Pan: Gender, fantasy, and industrial production. In A. B. Kavey & L. D. Friedman, (Eds.), Second star to the right: Peter Pan in the popular imagination (pp. 151-186). Rutgers University Press. 

Parasher, P. (2013). Mapping the imaginary: The Neverland of Disney Indians. In J. Cheu (Ed.), Diversity in Disney films: Critical essays on race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality and disability (pp. 38-49). McFarland & Company, Inc.  

Peter Pan (1953 Film). (2020, August 5). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20200804192746/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Pan_(1953_film)

Episode Summary

Erin and Rachel don’t have time for nonsense, and neither did 1951 audiences when Alice in Wonderland flopped at the box office. Thankfully, marijuana-fueled college students in the 1960s had all the time in the world for a trip down the rabbit hole, thus solidifying a permanent place in popular culture for Alice in Wonderland, a film surprisingly devoid of racist or sexist content compared to its predecessors. 

Episode Bibliography

Aikens, K. (2010). How wanderer Alice became warrior Alice, and why. Bitch Magazine, 48, 27-31. 

Alice Comedies. (2020, June 21). In Wikipedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20200621023616/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Comedies

Alice in Wonderland (1951 film). (2020, June 23). In Wikipedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20200723202243/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1951_film)

Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. (2020, June 23). In Wikipedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20200723210149/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice's_Adventures_in_Wonderland

Auerbach, N. (1973). Alice and Wonderland: A curious child. Victorian Studies, 17(1), 31-47.

Crowther, B. (1951, July 30). Disney's cartoon adaptation of 'Alice in Wonderland' arrives at Criterion. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1951/07/30/archives/the-screen-in-review-disneys-cartoon-adaptation-of-alice-in.html

Gass, Z. (2020, February 16). Alice in Wonderland: 10 major differences between the book & the Disney cartoon movie. Screen Rant. https://screenrant.com/alice-in-wonderland-major-differences-lewis-carrol-book-disney-movie/

Geronimi, C., Jackson, W., & Luske, H. (Directors). (1951). Alice in Wonderland [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.

Heslin, D. (2018, March). Forgotten Dreams: The Tumultuous Life of Lou Bunin’s Alice in Wonderland (1949). Senses of Cinema, 86. http://sensesofcinema.com/2018/alice-in-wonderland/lou-bunins-alice-wonderland/

Hovdestad, W. E., Hubka, D., & Tonmyr, L. (2009). Unwanted personal contact and risky situations in ten Disney animated feature films. Child Abuse Review, 18, 111-126. 

Lawson, A., & Fout, G. (2004). Mental illness in Disney animated films. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49, 310-314.

Maltin, L. (1973). The Disney Films. Crown.

Why Was “Alice in Wonderland” Poorly Received by Audiences in 1951? (2020). The Take. https://the-take.com/watch/why-was-alice-in-wonderland-poorly-received-by-audiences-in-1951

Through the Looking-Glass. (2020, June 16). In Wikipedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20200616145131/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Through_the_Looking-Glass

Walt Disney Productions (inc.) et al. v. Souvaine Selective Pictures, Inc. et al, 192 F.2d 856 (2d Cir. 1951). Retrieved from https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/192/856/210865/

Episode Summary

Disney’s Cinderella thrilled Erin and Rachel almost as much as it thrilled 1950 audiences, with “almost” being the operative word. The co-hosts revisit their favorite topics of gender roles and colonization, while also debating what, exactly, dreams are made of for the second Disney princess. 

Episode Bibliography

Beauchamp, F. (2010). Asian origins of Cinderella: The Zhuang storyteller of Guangxi. Oral Tradition, 25(2), 447-496.

Cinderella. (2020, June 20). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinderella

Cinderella (1950 fim). (2020, June 25) In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20200619065636/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinderella_(1950_film)

England, D. E., Descartes, L., Collier-Meek, M. A. (2011). Gender role portrayal and the Disney princesses. Sex Roles, 64, 555-567. 

Geronimi, C., Luske, H., & Jackson, W. (Directors). (1950). Cinderella [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.

Giaimo, C. (2017, June 14). The ATU Fable Index: Like the Dewey Decimal System, But With More Ogres. Atlas Obscura. Retrieved from https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/aarne-thompson-uther-tale-type-index-fables-fairy-tales

Higgs, S. (2016). Damsels in development: Representation, transition, and the Disney princess. Screen Education, 83, 62-69. 

Hovdestad, W. E., Hubka, D., & Tonmyr, L. (2009). Unwanted personal contact and risky situations in ten Disney animated feature films. Child Abuse Review, 18, 111-126. 

Huggins, N. I. (1971). Harlem renaissance. Oxford University Press. 

Mahar, W. J. (1985). Black English in early Blackface minstrelsy: A new interpretation of the sources of minstrel show dialect. American Quarterly, 37(2), 260-285.

Maurice Rapf. (2020, June 25). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20190118074308/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Rapf

 Rosalind Sibielski (2019) Reviving Cinderella: Contested Feminism and Conflicting Models of Female Empowerment in 21st-Century Film and Television Adaptations of “Cinderella”, Quarterly Review of Film and Video, 36:7, 584-610

Tennant, A. (Director). (1998). Ever After: A Cinderella Story [Film]. Twentieth Century Fox Films. 

Tóth, Z. A. (2017). Disney’s violent women: In quest of a ‘fully real’ violent woman in American cinema. Brno Studies in English, 43(1), 185-212.

Wood, N. (1996). Domesticating dreams in Walt Disney’s Cinderella. The Lion and the Unicorn, 20 (1), 25-43. doi:10.1353/uni.1996.0003

.

Episode Summary: 

In this bonus episode, Erin and Rachel unpack The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949), and debate which is the most frightening: the Headless Horseman of Sleepy Hollow, Mr. Toad’s untreated mental illness, or the complete lack of female and BIPOC representation in this film.

Episode Bibliography:

Burton, N. (2012). A short history of bipolar disorder. Psychology Today. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/hide-and-seek/201206/short-history-bipolar-disorder

Conradt, Stacy. (2016). 11 Hair-Raising Facts About Disney's The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. Mental Floss. Retrieved from https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/87938/11-hair-raising-facts-about-disneys-legend-sleepy-hollow

Cox, C., & Marland, H. (2018). “We are recreating Bedlam”: A history of mental illness and prison systems in England and Ireland. In A. Mills & K. Kendall (Eds.), Mental health in prisons: Critical perspectives on treatment and confinement. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539382/

Daigrepont, L. M. (1984). Ichabod Crane: Inglorious man of letters. Early American Literature, 19, 69-81.

Grahame, K. (1908). The Wind in the Willows. Methuen.

Grob, G. N. (1977). Rediscovering asylums: The unhistorical history of the mental hospital. The Hastings Center Report, 7(4), 33-41. 

Johnson, D. (2014). Classic No. 11 The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949). The Disney Odyssey. Retrieved from https://thedisneyodyssey.wordpress.com/2014/01/13/classic-no-11-the-adventures-of-ichabod-and-mr-toad-1949/

Kinney, J., Geronimi, C., & Algar, J. (Directors). (1949). The adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad [Film]. Walt Disney Productions. 

Irving, W. (2008). The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved from https://www.gutenberg.org/files/41/41-h/41-h.htm. 

Irving, W. (1996). The sketch-book of Geoffrey Crayon, gent. Oxford University Press. 

The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad. Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20200611214531/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Ichabod_and_Mr._Toad

Episode Summary:

As unofficial ambassador of Franklin Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor approach to foreign policy, Walt Disney traveled to South America on a so-called “goodwill tour,” the results of which were Saludos Amigos (1942) and The Three Caballeros (1944). Join Erin and Rachel for this special double episode as they unpack the political and cultural influence of these lesser known “package” films.

Episode Bibliography:

Adams, D. (2007). Saludos Amigos: Hollywood and FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy. Quarterly Review of Film and Video, 24(3), 289-295. 

Ferguson, N., Geronimi, C., Kinney, J., & Roberts, B. (Directors). (1944). The Three Caballeros [Film]. Walt Disney Productions.

Ferguson, N., Jackson, W., Kinney, J., Luske, H., & Roberts, B. (Directors). (1942). Saludos Amigos [Film]. Walt Disney Productions.

Gluck, K. (2016). Walt and the Goodwill Tour. The Walt Disney Family Museum Blog. https://www.waltdisney.org/blog/walt-and-goodwill-tour

Goldman, K. S. (2014). Saludos Amigos and The Three Caballeros: The representation of Latin American in Disney’s “Good Neighbor” films.  In J. Cheu (Ed.), Diversity in Disney films: Critical essays on race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality and disability (pp. 23-37). McFarland & Company.

Good Neighbor Policy. Wikipedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20200430054658/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Neighbor_policy

Growther, B. (1943). The Screen; ‘Saludos Amigos,’ a Musical Fantasy Based on the South American Tour Made by Walt Disney, Arrives at the Globe. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1943/02/13/archives/the-screen-saludos-amigos-a-musical-fantasy-based-on-the-south.html

Minster, C. (2020). The history of Latin America in the Colonial Era." ThoughtCo. Retrieved from thoughtco.com/introduction-to-the-colonial-era-2136329.

Nelson, A. K. (2017). José, Joe, Zé Carioca: Walt Disney’s Good Neighbor colonial “monument” in Brazil (Publication No. 6246) [Master’s thesis, Brigham Young University]. All Theses and Dissertations. 

Ness, M. (2016). An Aggressive Escape from Reality: The Three Caballeros. Tor.com. https://www.tor.com/2016/08/11/an-aggressive-escape-from-reality-the-three-caballeros/

Ness, M. (2016). Donald Duck’s Goodwill Tour: Saludos Amigos. Tor.com. https://www.tor.com/2016/08/04/donald-ducks-goodwill-tour-saludos-amigos/

Riddle, S. (2020). Steve’s Wonderful Review of Disney: The Three Caballeros. Place to be Nation. http://placetobenation.com/steves-wonderful-reviews-of-disney-the-three-caballeros/

Saludos Amigos. Wikipedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20200519042935/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saludos_Amigos

Saludos Amigos Holds its World Premiere in Rio de Janeiro. (1942). D23. https://d23.com/this-day/saludos-amigos-holds-its-world-premiere-in-rio-de-janeiro/

Telotte, J. P. (2007). Crossing borders and opening boxes: Disney and hybrid animation. Quarterly Review of Film and Video, 24(2), 107-116. 

The Three Caballeros. Wikipedia.

https://web.archive.org/web/20200519042905/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Three_Caballeros

Victory Through Air Power (film). Wikipedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20200410094036/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victory_Through_Air_Power_(film)

Episode Summary:

Hear how “twitterpated” Erin and Rachel both are with Bambi (1942), the delightful classic that chronicles the lives of forest creatures with a heavy-handed conservationist agenda. Widely panned by critics following its initial release, this is the first time the grade Erin assigned on behalf of 1942 viewers is lower than the grade Rachel assigned based on a current day perspective! 

Episode Bibliography:

Bálint, E. (2013). The representation of women in Walt Disney’s productions in the studio era. Americana, 9(2), 8-8.

Bambi. Wikipedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20200515132816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambi

Bambi, a Life in the Woods. Wikipedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20200515023159/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambi,_a_Life_in_the_Woods

Brooks, K. (2017). Tyrus Wong, the ‘Bambi’ artists who endured America’s racism, gets his due. Chinese American Forum, 33(2), 32-33.

Cartmill, M. (1993). The Bambi syndrome. Natural History, 102(6), 6-11.

Dudley, S. (2018). The Making of Bambi: A Prince is Born (Full Documentary). Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmCiuNotEwU

Hand, D. (Director). (1942). Bambi [Film]. Walt Disney Productions. 

King, M. (1996). The audience in the wilderness. Journal of Popular Film & Television, 96(24), 60-69.

Ross, M. (2012). The Biology of Bachelor Groups. Quality Deer Management Association. https://www.qdma.com/biology-bachelor-groups/

Salten, F. (1923). Bambi: A life in the woods. Ullstein Verlag.

Taylor, D. E. (2000). The rise of the environmental justice paradigm: Injustice framing and the social construction of environmental discourses. American Behavioral Scientists, 43(4), 508-580.

Whitley, D. (2012). The idea of nature in Disney animation: From Snow White to WALL-E (2nd ed.). Ashgate.

Wills, J. (2011). Bambi. https://www.loc.gov/static/programs/national-film-preservation-board/documents/bambi.pdf