If every choice you’ve ever made was never yours what does that mean for guilt, justice, or redemption? From the moment of conception to prenatal stress, genes, and early environment, each begin shaping who we become. Neuroscientist Dr. Robert Sapolsky explains why we have no free will, why testosterone doesn’t cause aggression, how our biology and upbringing script our behaviors long before we act—and why the concept of free will may be nothing more than a comforting illusion.

It will put into question everything we believe about punishment and morality. If no one truly chooses their actions, how should society deal with criminals? Is there room for compassion within accountability when biology writes the story of our lives?

This conversation challenges the foundation of justice itself—and asks whether understanding could one day replace blame. Stanford neuroscientist and bestselling author Dr. Robert Sapolsky breaks down the science behind his book Determined: A Science of Life Without Free Will.