A. P. J. Abdul Kalam was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, on 15 October 1931 and died on 27 July 2015. Key aspects of his life and career include:

• Early Life and Education: Kalam was born into a Tamil Muslim family. His father was a boat owner and imam, and his mother was a housewife. He completed his school education in Ramanathapuram, graduated in Physics from St. Joseph's College in Tiruchirappalli and studied aerospace engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology.
• Scientific Career: After graduating, Kalam joined the Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO). He later moved to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). He was the project director of India’s first satellite launch vehicle (SLV) and was involved in the development of ballistic missiles and launch vehicle technology, earning him the nickname "Missile Man of India". He also played a key role in India’s Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998.
• Presidency: Kalam was elected as the President of India in 2002, supported by both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the opposition Indian National Congress. He was known as the "People's President" due to his popularity.
• Post-Presidency: After his presidency, Kalam engaged in teaching, writing, and public service, becoming a visiting professor at various institutions. He launched a movement called What Can I Give Movement aimed at the youth of India with a central theme of defeating corruption.
• Death and Memorial: Kalam died of a cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, while delivering a lecture at IIM Shillong. He was buried in his hometown of Rameswaram with full state honours. A memorial was inaugurated in Rameswaram in 2017, displaying replicas of rockets and missiles he had worked on.
• Personal Life and Interests: Kalam was a lifelong bachelor known for his simple lifestyle, integrity, and vegetarianism. He enjoyed writing Tamil poetry, playing the veena, and listening to Carnatic devotional music. He was also a teetotaler.
• Religious and Spiritual Views: Kalam was a practicing Sunni Muslim who valued interfaith respect and dialogue. He was also well-versed in Hindu traditions and the Bhagavad Gita. He considered Pramukh Swami Maharaj, a Hindu guru, to be his spiritual teacher.
• Writings: Kalam authored several books including Wings of Fire, India 2020, and Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji. In his writings, he advocated for India's development and emphasised the importance of technology, education, and spirituality.
• Awards and Honours: Kalam received numerous awards, including the Padma Bhushan (1981), Padma Vibhushan (1990), and the Bharat Ratna (1997), India's highest civilian honour.
• Legacy: Kalam's birthday, 15 October, is celebrated as World Students' Day in India. Many places and institutions have been named in his honour, including roads, islands, and educational facilities.

To improve concentration on studies, the sources suggest several strategies, which can be grouped into three main areas: staying focused, creating a conducive environment, and making concentrating easier. Staying Focused:

• Time Management: Create a study timetable with 30-60 minute work periods followed by 5-10 minute breaks. Divide work into smaller parts and switch subjects every hour to avoid boredom.
• Managing Thoughts: Set aside time to worry or think about other things, reassuring yourself that you will address them later. If your mind wanders, stop it, and resume studying. Keep pen and paper to jot down distracting thoughts and address them during breaks.
• Active Learning: Switch up learning methods to engage different parts of the brain, such as using flashcards, making charts, or listening to recordings.
• Rewarding Yourself: Create incentives to stay focused on your studies, such as treats or a short break in front of the TV.
• Backtracking: If you are struggling with complex material, go back to the basics.
• Active Reading: Use active reading techniques like asking questions and summarising aloud to keep your mind engaged.
• Note-Taking: Make notes using brief examples and abbreviations, and create quizzes from your notes to review later.
• Breaks: Use short breaks to engage with social media or other favourite activities, then return to studying.

Creating an Environment for Proper Concentration:

• Location: Choose a quiet place free from distractions like TV or pets, with a comfortable chair and good lighting. Avoid studying in bed, except perhaps reading upright, to prevent associating your bed with studying. A quiet library cubicle is effective for many.
• Study Materials: Keep all necessary materials, like pencils, pens, highlighters, and books, within reach to avoid interruptions.
• Snacks: Have simple, repeatable snacks and water nearby, avoiding sugary drinks, caffeinated teas, or energy drinks. Brain-boosting foods include blueberries, spinach, squash, broccoli, dark chocolate, and fish.
• Goals: Write down your study goals for the day to stay focused. Make sure the goals are achievable and take time constraints into account.
• Turn off Electronics: Turn off your cell phone and other electronic devices and use website blockers if needed. Only use a computer for study purposes.
• Background Music: Consider playing soft background music or nature sounds, but avoid music that makes you sing along.

Making Concentrating Easier:

• Body Awareness: Study during your high-energy periods.
• Sleep: Get enough sleep (7-9 hours) to help you focus.
• Healthy Diet: Eat healthy foods like colourful fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, and good fats.
• Positive Thinking: Believe that you can focus and use techniques like the "5 More" rule to break tasks into smaller parts.
• Prioritise: Do the least pleasant tasks first while your mind is fresh.
• Plan: Schedule a specific time each day for studying.
• Memory: Use mnemonics and mental imagery to remember rules and formulas.

The sources emphasize that it's important to experiment to find what works best for the individual. They also highlight the importance of taking breaks and not studying for too long at once. The tips provided are supported by expert advice and research.

The Google Pay app, which is now replaced in the US by Google Wallet, allows users to save and pay. Here's a summary of the app based on the provided sources:

• Functionality: The app facilitates payments and offers features such as saving payment information, and provides access to offers. The app also processes payments through Google Payment Corp., which is a licensed money transmitter.
• App Update: The Google Pay app has been updated with a new look, featuring new experiences, and convenient card payments.
• Data Privacy: The app collects data such as location and personal information, which is encrypted in transit. Users can request deletion of their data. Data privacy practices may vary based on usage, region and age.
• User Issues:
• Support:
• App Information: The app is developed by Google LLC, with an address at 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy Mountain View, CA, and a customer service phone number.
• App Store Information: The app has 1 billion+ downloads and 10.6 million reviews with an average rating of 4.0 stars. The application is available on the Google Play store with other Google LLC apps including Google Gemini, Google Translate, Google Authenticator, Google Wallet, Google Find My Device and YouTube Kids.
• Replacement: The standalone Google Pay app is no longer available in the US and users should download Google Wallet for tap and pay.

Here are some bullet points summarizing the key concepts from the sources, based on our conversation history:

• How to Talk Less:
  • Show a willingness to listen by giving your full attention, maintaining eye contact, and using nonverbal cues such as smiling and nodding.
  • Think before responding, take a moment to reflect, and ask clarifying questions.
  • Avoid interrupting people; make notes to remember your thoughts until it is your turn to speak.
  • Only speak when relevant and stay on topic, using open-ended questions to encourage others.
  • Practise what you are going to say to be concise and clear.
  • Keep conversations balanced by asking for other people's opinions.
  • Challenge yourself and record your speech to avoid rambling and stay on topic.
• How to Be a Better Listener:
  • Practice sitting in silence to be more comfortable with quiet and aware of your thoughts.
  • Understand that listening involves the ears, mind, heart, and body, not just hearing.
  • Focus on the other person and what they are saying, rather than what you are going to say next.
  • Observe body language and tone to understand the emotions of the speaker.
  • Be accepting and non-judgemental to create a safe space for them.
  • Decide if some things are best left unsaid and consider the impact of your words.
• Embracing Silence:
  • Unplug from technology to reduce overstimulation.
  • Write your thoughts in a journal to express yourself without imposing them on others.
  • Meditate to become more comfortable with quiet.
  • Observe your surroundings to be more present.
• Signs of Excessive Talking:
  • Talking over others.
  • Speaking impulsively.
  • Speaking at inappropriate times.
  • Being uncomfortable with silence.
  • Talking more than listening.
  • Oversharing.
  • People seeming bored when you are talking.
• Types of Excessive Talking:
  • Pressured speech: rapid, forceful talking that switches topics, possibly indicating bipolar disorder.
  • Hyperverbal speech: fast, increased speech, possibly indicating ADHD or anxiety.
  • Disorganized speech: quickly switching between unrelated topics, possibly indicating schizophrenia or psychosis.
  • Compulsive communication: frequently talking more than others.
  • Rambling: talking excessively and going off on tangents, possibly due to social anxiety.
• Final takeaway: Being talkative is not necessarily bad, but to talk less, focus on listening more by making eye contact and listening to understand.

Setting and achieving goals can lead to a more accomplished and satisfied life. Here's a summary of how to set and achieve your goals, according to the provided sources: Setting Goals:

• Brainstorm: Think about what you want to achieve in life and what would make you happy in the future. Imagine your future self to help you brainstorm.
• Define your terms: If your goal is to achieve happiness, define what happiness means to you. Also, define "life purpose" to understand what you want to achieve.
• Consider your motivations: Clarify why your goals are important to you. Goals that are meaningful are more likely to be achieved.
• Write down your goals: Writing down your ideas can make them seem more concrete and help you visualize them. This can also help with memorisation.
• Make your goals specific: Be as specific as possible. Consider who is involved, where the goal is located, when you want to act on the goal, why the goal is important, and what you want to accomplish.
• Share your goals: Telling someone about your goals can make them seem more real and help with accountability.

Achieving Goals:

• Rank your goals: Prioritise your goals from most to least important and focus on the most important ones first. You may need to cut goals that are less important.
• Align with values: Set goals that reflect your values and what you care about.
• Break down your goals: Break your larger goals into smaller, more manageable steps. Make these subgoals measurable and tangible.
• Plan the first step: Determine the first action you need to take to begin working towards your goal.
• Set deadlines: Create a timeline for achieving your goals and subgoals. Plan for obstacles and setbacks that may occur.
• Create a supportive environment: Surround yourself with people and places that help you achieve your goals. Minimize distractions.
• Be consistent: Work on your goals daily and set standards that you can maintain. Avoid burning yourself out in the early stages of working towards your goal.
• Use positive reinforcement: Give yourself rewards when you accomplish subgoals to stay motivated.
• Track your progress: Use a journal, app, or calendar to monitor and stay accountable.

Examples of Life Goals: The sources provide a variety of life goal examples, such as: becoming an inspiration, challenging yourself daily, gaining financial freedom, mastering a skill, getting promoted, volunteering, traveling, running a marathon, having no debt, getting married, graduating from college, learning a new language, exercising daily, writing a book, starting a business, and many more. Importance of Goals:

• Goals improve your quality of life by giving you a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction. They keep you motivated and can ease depression and anxiety.

Other important ideas:

• Four Main Goals in Life: The four main goals in life are happiness, success, meaning, and integrity.
• Personal Goals: These are goals related to your personal life, such as job, relationships, and finances.
• Short-Term and Long-Term Goals: Short-term goals are achieved quickly, and long-term goals take longer. Short-term goals can help you achieve long-term goals.
• SMART Goals: These goals are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound.
• Avoid Negative Goals: Focus on what you want, not what you dislike.

In conclusion, setting and achieving goals is a process that involves thoughtful planning, consistent effort, and self-awareness. By following the steps outlined in the sources, you can increase your chances of achieving your goals and living a more fulfilling life.

Here are some details from the sources about how to ask a girl to be your Valentine: Creative Ways to Ask

• Gifts: You could send a gift with a cute or punny note attached. Ideas include a heart-shaped pizza with a note saying, "I know it’s cheesy, but…will you be my valentine?" or a small stuffed animal holding a sign asking the same question. You could also put a cute note on a bar of chocolate, or a label on a bucket of popcorn. A s'mores kit in a mason jar with a sign saying "There's nothing I like s'more than you! Be my valentine?" is another option.
• Flowers: A bouquet of flowers is a classic Valentine's gift. You could try to find out her favourite flowers or just go with red roses. Delivering them to her at work or school could make her feel special.
• Baked Goods: Making a treat like chocolate chip cookies, brownies, or a cake can be a way to her heart. You could use heart-shaped baking trays and decorate them in pink and red. You could also add a short message to your treats, such as "be mine", "xoxo", or "Happy V-day!".
• Latte Art: If she loves coffee, try creating a cute design like a heart or flower on a latte. You could use a customized stencil to write her name or a special message.
• Scavenger Hunt: A romantic scavenger hunt could be a fun way to ask. You could hide objects around her school or your place and give her clues to follow, with the final prize being you asking her to be your valentine.
• Chocolate Kisses: You can use chocolate kisses to spell out a message. For example, you could make a heart on the ground using chocolate kisses, and put a note in the middle saying, "Now that I have kissed the ground that you walk on, will you be my valentine?".
• Creative Talents: Use your talents when you ask her out. For example, you could sing her a romantic song, draw a portrait of her, or make her a memento box.
• Playlist: You can make a playlist of songs that are meaningful to both of you. Think about the genres she likes and add the songs to a playlist on a streaming service, or burn them onto a CD.
• Video Love Letter: Record a video expressing your feelings and ask her to be your valentine.
• Unique Date: Plan a special date that's more unique than just dinner and a movie. Some ideas include ice skating, a brewery or winery tour, or a couples cooking class. You can use a pun when you ask her on the date.
• Personalisation: Consider her hobbies, interests, and favorite things when you ask her. For example, you could gift her polka dot roller skates if she likes roller derby and polka dots.
• Card: Write her a heartfelt card. You could make a handmade card with hearts on it and write a personal message inside. Some sample messages include "Happy Valentine's Day to the one who makes my heart skip a beat", or "The more I’ve gotten to know you, the more I’ve fallen for you. I’d be the happiest person in the world if I could call you mine. Will you be my valentine?".

Directly Asking

• Gather Intel: Before asking her, you could check with her friends to make sure she's single.
• Keep it Simple: Be direct and tell her you'd love to spend Valentine's Day with her. You could compliment her, and bring up things you have in common.
• Practice: Rehearse what you'll say to boost your confidence. Focus on being calm and direct, using good posture, and smiling.

Tips to Help You Win Her Over

• Dress Nicely: Make an effort to look your best.
• Choose your method: Ask in person, over the phone, or on social media, depending on what makes you feel comfortable.
• Be Specific: Be clear about your plans for Valentine's Day. For example, you could say, "I'd love to take you out to dinner. Then, we can hit up that mini golf spot".

It is worth noting that this article was co-authored by Crista Beck, a Dating and Relationship Coach and Matchmaker, and Annabelle Reyes, a wikiHow staff writer. The article has also been fact-checked.

Here are details about how to turn when skiing, according to the sources: Basic Steps for Turning

• To initiate a turn, move your ankles to the side to roll onto the edge of your skis.
• To turn right, move your ankles to the right edge, and to turn left, move them to the left edge.
• Move both ankles toward the same side when turning.

Snow Plough Turn

• Position your skis in a "V" shape, with the front tips closer together than the back, applying light pressure on the inside edges by pushing your heels slightly outward. This position is sometimes called the "Pizza Slice".
• Slide forward with your weight evenly distributed, knees slightly bent, feet centred, and shoulders slightly forward.
• To turn left, push with your right leg, distributing your weight onto the right ski, and vice versa to turn right. The ski with more weight on it will have more control.
• To initiate a new turn, shift your weight back onto both skis by pivoting your hips so they are straight.
• Adjust your weight distribution to change speed; taking weight off one ski will increase speed and the sharpness of the turn, while putting more weight on one side of your ski will slow you down.
• Look forward, not down at your skis, to help you turn easily and change directions.

Parallel Turn

• Start with skis parallel and hip-width apart, leaning forward, distributing your weight across both skis, and bending your knees.
• Your skis should always face straight ahead.
• To turn, roll your knees and ankles in the direction you want to turn, moving both feet in the same direction while keeping your skis parallel.
• Adjust your weight to the side of your feet that corresponds with the direction you want to turn.
• Keep your shoulders slightly rotated toward the direction you want to turn, and stretch and soften your legs throughout the turn.
• Maintain a constant speed until you want to come out of your turn, and then distribute your weight toward the front centre of your skis to realign to the forward parallel skiing position.
• Avoid leaning back and stay forward on the balls of your feet.

Carve Turn

• Start by sliding down the slope to gain momentum, keeping your feet hip-width apart, your hands on the poles, and leaning forward slightly. Practice on a flat slope to minimize speed if you are a beginner.
• Carving skis are thinner in the middle, which helps the ski shift from one side to the other.
• When you want to turn, roll onto the edge of the ski by moving your knees and ankles to the side. To turn right, move your ankles toward the right side, and to turn left, move your ankles to the left side.
• Move your knees and ankles from side to side to change direction, quickly rolling from one edge to the other. Keep your upper body stable and don’t force the turn.
• As you tilt your knees and ankles, it will naturally create a curve.
• Apply more pressure to the edges of your skis when coming to the end of your turn to help you slow down and ease out of the turn.
• Lean forward to redistribute your weight and increase your speed after you have completed the turn.
• Straighten your knees and ankles to finish your turn and decrease your speed.

Additional Tips

• Consider taking a private lesson to learn the basics quickly.
• The main muscles used while skiing are the glutes, quads, and hamstrings.
• Be patient with yourself as you learn, as it takes time to master the basics.
• Do not try advanced turns until you have mastered the basics. Make sure you get equipment that meets your skill level to avoid injuries.

Living in harmony with others involves connecting with people, overcoming disagreements, giving back to the community, and maintaining personal well-being. Here's a breakdown of key steps:

• Connecting with Others:
• Overcoming Differences and Disagreements:
• Giving Back to Others:
• Maintaining Your Own Sense of Harmony:

The article emphasizes the importance of real, human connection for a purposeful life. It also notes that living in harmony is not always easy but can be achieved by consciously working on these steps. The YMCA, a nonprofit focused on community strengthening, co-authored the article.

This comic book focuses on health and well-being, and is intended to enhance knowledge and awareness of health issues, as well as equip adolescents with life skills to adopt healthy behaviours. The book covers eleven themes including growing up healthy, emotional well-being and mental health, interpersonal relationships, values and citizenship, gender equality, nutrition, health and sanitation, prevention and management of substance abuse, promotion of healthy lifestyles, reproductive health and HIV prevention, safety and security against violence and injuries, and promotion of internet safety and responsible social media behaviour. The comic book is a collaborative effort, made possible by the support and advice of many individuals and organizations. It was produced following recommendations by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) under the leadership of Prof. Dinesh Prasad Saklani and Prof. Amarendra Behera. The development and production of this comic book was coordinated by Sarita Jadav. The book is conceptualised, designed and illustrated by Clay Brains. The publication was made possible through financial contributions from UNAIDS Unified Budget, Results and Accountability Framework (UBRAF) funding for UNESCO. This comic book was jointly developed by UNESCO and NCERT. The intended audience is students, teachers and health educators, and the overall aim is to promote young people’s right to education, health and well-being, and work towards an inclusive and gender equal society.

This article provides a collection of funny "Roses are red, violets are blue" poems, which are intended to be witty, creative, and good for breaking the ice. The article is divided into three sections: Funny Poems, Smooth Pick-Up Lines, and Cute Rhymes. Here's a summary of the types of poems provided:

• Funny Poems: This section includes a variety of humorous and often absurd lines, playing on the classic "roses are red" format. Examples include "Roses are red, violets are blue, I am the walrus, coo coo cachoo," and "Roses are red, violets are blue, the world was not prepared for the masterpiece: Shrek 2". These poems are designed to make people laugh.
• Smooth Pick-Up Lines: This part features poems crafted to be flirtatious and charming. For example: "Roses are red, you’re looking great. Have I seen you here before? This must be fate," and "Roses are red, violets are blue, let’s turn my dinner for one, into dinner for two". These are designed to impress a potential romantic partner.
• Cute Rhymes: This section offers sweet and endearing poems. Examples include: "Roses are red, violets are blue. You make the world better, by just being you," and "Roses are red, violets are blue. It’s only been one day, but I really miss you". These are intended to be heartfelt and affectionate.

The article also includes an expert Q&A section with advice on how to write a simple rhyme, suggesting that using a rhyming dictionary can be helpful. The article has been fact-checked to ensure accuracy and the authority of its sources. It is co-authored by Bailey Cho, an Editing Fellow at wikiHow. The article also includes links to other articles including ones about jokes and knock-knock jokes.