The judgment of Dickson C.J. and Wilson, L'Heureux-Dubé and Gonthier
One: Facts – (0:00:54)
Three: Relevant Statutory and Constitutional Provisions – (0:03:19)
Five: The History of Hate Propaganda Crimes in Canada – (0:06:28)
Six: Section 2 sub b of the Charter -- Freedom of Expression – (0:10:27)
Seven: Section 1 Analysis of Section 319 sub 2 – (0:21:31)
A: General Approach to Section 1 – (0:21:36)
B: The Use of American Constitutional Jurisprudence – (0:24:14)
C: Objective of Section 319 sub 2 – (0:26:50)
1: Harm Caused by Expression Promoting the Hatred of Identifiable Groups – (0:26:54)
2: International Human Rights Instruments – (0:30:49)
3: Other Provisions of the Charter – (0:34:44)
4: Conclusion Respecting Objective of Section 319 sub 2 – (0:38:07)
D: Proportionality – (0:39:14)
1: Relation of the Expression at Stake to Free Expression Values – (0:39:16)
2: Rational Connection – (0:48:54)
3: Minimal Impairment of the Section 2 sub b Freedom – (0:54:47)
a: Terms of Section 319 sub 2 – (0:56:28)
b: The Defences to Section 319 sub 2 – (1:03:24)
c: Alternative Modes of Furthering Parliament's Objective – (1:06:20)
4: Effects of the Limitation – (1:10:17)
E: Analysis of Section 319 sub 2 Under Section 1 of the Charter - Conclusion – (1:12:24)
The dissenting opinion of Sopinka and McLachlin JJ – (1:13:03)
Analysis – (1:13:10)
A: A Philosophical View of Freedom of Expression and the Charter – (1:13:12)
B: The Historical Perspective – (1:19:33)
C: Hate Propaganda and Freedom of Speech -- An Overview – (1:21:14)
Two: The Scope of Section 2 sub b of the Charter – (1:23:00)
A: The Argument Based on Violence – (1:24:20)
B: The Construction Arguments – (1:25:16)
1: The Argument Based on Section 15 of the Charter – (1:25:39)
2: The Argument Based on Section 27 of the Charter – (1:29:24)
3: The Argument Based on International Law – (1:31:44)
4: The Analysis under Section 1 – (1:34:01)
A: Section 1 and the Infringement of Freedom of Expression – (1:34:04)
1: The Objective of Section 319 sub 2 of the Criminal Code – (1:35:28)
2: Proportionality – (1:36:39)
a: General Considerations – (1:36:42)
b: Rational Connection – (1:39:28)
c: Minimum Impairment – (1:44:16)
d: Importance of the Right versus Benefit Conferred – (1:54:35)
3: Conclusion -- Section 1 in Relation to Infringement of Free Speech – (1:58:54)