Halliday and Hasan’s theoretical framework establishes that a text is a unified semantic unit defined by texture, a quality achieved through meaningful, non-structural links called cohesive ties. These ties—including reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion—allow readers to track participants and themes across sentence boundaries by resolving linguistic presuppositions. When applied to the Greek New Testament, specifically the Johannine literature, this model reveals how anaphoric and cataphoric references guide the reader’s focus while lexical chains and oppositional pairings build a dense rhetorical architecture. Ultimately, the source demonstrates that analyzing these textual metafunctions is essential for precise exegesis, as it illuminates the continuity and thematic integrity of a discourse far beyond the limits of basic clause grammar.
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