Episode 1 of Brandon Seale's podcast on the Engines of Texas History.

The return of the horse to the North American continent and its domestication by people of the Texas plains redrew the map of Native North America and defined the spheres of influence of European colonial empires for three centuries. It led to the formation of highly decentralized, individualistic frontier societies that either successfully adopted the horse or suffered at the hands of those who had. Maybe “Don’t Mess with Texas” didn’t originate with a 1985 anti-littering campaign…maybe it was written the first time a native Texan hopped on the back of a horse.

Cover art of "Lipan Apache" available online at Star of the Republic Museum, Portal to Texas History, University of North Texas.

Sources:
Lipan Apache Band of Texas – Lipan Apache Band of Texas Claim as a Sovereign Nation
Britten, Thomas A. The Lipan Apaches: People of Wind and Lightning (2011).
Minor, Nancy M. The Light Gray People: An Ethno-History of the Lipan Apaches of Texas and Northern Mexico (2009).
Minor, Nancy M. Turning Adversity to Advantage: A History of the Lipan Apaches of Texas and Northern Mexico, 1700-1900 (2009).
Opler, Morris E. Myths and Legends of the Lipan Apache Indians (1940).
Robinson, Sherry. I Fought a Good Fight: A History of the Lipan Apaches (2013).

www.BrandonSeale.com