Emancipation Podcast Station

Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students.

Last time on the show…

Today we discuss The United States in World War I. Let’s dive in.

The presidency of Woodrow Wilson  - And Presidential podcast

1. Gabe - Woodrow Wilson was the first southern president since James Polk

He was in the KKK he segregated the federal government and in his 1st term the KKK had a revival he went for the democratic side and and went by the slogan he kept you out of the war which is ironic because we went into world war one in his second term.(g(h

2.-Ethan- He was the 28th president of the US. Wilson made the Federal Reserve System. Which allowed the government control over currency so that we didn’t experience a second great depression. He also tried to lower tariffs and improve worker protection.

1. - Blake - Although Woodrow Wilson was very racist he shared a lot of the same views as Theodore Roosevelt in which he wanted to go after the big business’.

4.Ricky-As everyone here can agree, Woodrow Wilson was a racist.

1. Skylar - Woodrow Wilson was born in Staunton, Virginia on December 28th, 1856. His family was extremely religious. President Woodrow Wilson was a progressive democrat. He served two terms in office from 1913 to 1921. Woodrow wanted to expose corruption, regulate economy, eliminate unethical business practice, and improve the conditions of society. Wilson campaigned for “new freedom”. He promised banking, tariff, and business reform.

Blockades, u-boats and sinking of the Lusitania

1. Gabe - The germans had these things called u boats which were the submarines of that day. Germans also had  unrestricted submarine warfare starting with the sinking of the Lusitania which had many americans on board and started us joining the war mexicans trying to take land and a few others.(hunter)

2.-Ethan- The Lusitania was also known as the RMS or Royal Mail Ship since it carried some mail. It was set to sail from New York to Great Britain. This kind of allowed Germany to take the advantage and say that they were going into active war territory. This meant that Germany would attack this ship and everyone on it.

1. - Blake - At this early point in the war the Germans had blood on their hands, innocent blood. This made the U.S. angry of course which is how we got into the war.

4.Ricky-they sunk the Lusitania in under 18mins, which I find insane. The Titanic sunk in 2hours and 40mins.`

1. Skylar - The British declared the entire north sea a war zone in November of 1914. They said any ship that comes in here may or may not get blown up, sunk, shot up, ect. You could not bring any contraband and if you did you would for sure get blown up, contraband included food. This was basically started the Germany and Austria-Hungary.

Zimmermann Telegram

1. Gabe -  mexicans sent the zimmerman Telegram asking the germans to help them straight after the germans started sinking our boats reclaim texas new mexico and arizona which was short lived when we entered the war Woodrow(hunter)

3.-Ethan- Mexico didn’t really think they could back Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico, so this deal didn’t seem so sweet to them. All it really did was make America angry. The Zimmerman telegram was kind of what brought the US into the war along with the “unrestricted submarine warfare” and the Lusitania sinking.

4.Ricky-this was basically Germany asking support from Mexico, and when America got wind of it it boosted support to go to war with germany.

1. Elijah-The Zimmerman Telegram was a telegram from the Germans asking Mexico to help them in the war and to take down the United States and if they do so they can reclaim all the territory that they lost.

7.Ben - The telegraph was encrypted, so that any postal services in america or england, but then it was caught and decoded, then sent to america, then published for all of america to see. I think America was scared of losing their land.

United States enters World War I

The United States in World War I

1. - Blake - Woodrow Wilson had originally planned to keep the U.S. out of the world war but unfortunately this changed with the Zimmermann Telegram and the use of “Unrestricted submarine warfare” was not taken lightly.

1.  Gabe - once the germans started shooting down our ships starting with the Lusitania

And the mexicans wanted to fight us with the germans we had to join cause we didn't want to get destroyed by everybody

3.-Ethan- When entering the war, Wilson tried to keep from the war as much as he could, but with Germany’s increasing aggression, he had no choice but to get involved. The US officially went to war on April 6th, 1917. 1.3 million men and 20 thousand women joined up.

4.Ricky-this is going to be fun since we can finally talk about GUNS. Like the Gewehr 98 which now that I think about it was a german weapon, and the Colt ACP.45 M119 pistol, Basically this was a time where as weapons changed war. As they usually say “war never changes” but experimental weapons like the first kind of handheld machine guns were used. This war was the first and the last to world war to include chemical weapons like Ammonia and chlorine, and mustard gas, there was a reason chemical weapons were banned. And what was so weird about WW1 was all the world leaders were connected by family or friendship. After Merica’ broke diplomatic relations with Germany, they immediately, using a U-Boat, sunk the American liner Housatonic.

5.Elijah- As tensions were building with Unrestricted submarine warfare, the sinking of the Lusitania and the Zimmerman Telegram The United States had no choice but to join in the war. Wilson planned to keep the United States out of the war but these factors caused the US to join.

1. Skylar - like they said Woodrow tried to keep the United States out of the war. The germans messed with the States too much so they had to do what they had to do and joined the war on april 6th, 1917. World War I was the deadliest conflict in human history, claiming tens of millions of deaths on both sides.

1. Ben - Many different things made America decide to go to war, propaganda about Germany was going around and America just couldn’t handle it anymore. Many people thought it would be another painful but fairly short war, but it ended up being a long hard overall bad experience.

Can you name one point in the fourteen points?

Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points

1. Gabe - Woodrow had this thing called fourteen points it was what he wanted to happen instead of wars well he died and he never got to see it happen and some of his idea didn't happen but a lot of his fourteen points were used in the United Nations.

3.-Ethan- The Fourteen Points were Wilson’s peace terms for ending the World War. The Europeans agreed with these terms but Wilson’s Allied didn’t really agree with the “Wilson Idealism”. He said to reduce military forces and he put it there twice for emphasis.

4.Ricky-this was basically Woodrow Wilson’s Gettysburg address, it was his famous speech. It was a speech about peace, about ending this war to end all wars.

5.Elijah-The Fourteen Points was Wilson's peace terms for ending the first World War And these were used in the United Nations but many other Countries did not join these terms. Wilson died before ever getting to see this happen and used.

1. Skylar - Woodrow Wilson’s fourteen points are Abe Lincoln’s emancipation proclamation. They were basically just how Woodrow felt at peace with his words.

7.Hunter- The 14 points are all points of Woodrow Wilson's thought of peace to end WW1.

1. Ben- With something as big as World War 1, there was something about it that didnt let it end, and the Fourteen Points understood that concept and addressed every single major problem.

Paris Peace Conference and Treaty of Versailles

More detail on the Treaty of Versailles and Germany

The League of Nations

The Treaty of Versailles

1. - Blake - Although the League of Nations was mostly viewed as weak for failing to prevent the second world war they were able to come together to write the Treaty of Versailles which ended the first world war although this didn’t last long until Adolf Hitler came into power and broke the treaty.

2.-Ethan- The Paris Peace Conference was the meeting of The Allied to make the Treaty of Versailles. During this conference they made the League of Nations which their goal was to maintain world peace. It consisted of Britain, Italy, France, US, and Japan.

3.Ricky-The Treaty of Versailles severely limited the military of Germany and made them pay a fine SOOO big it took 96 years to pay off. Of course in WW2 they disobeyed these rules.

1. Elijah-The league of Nations were made to stop any world wars and was founded on January 10th 1920. The League was able to make the Treaty of Versailles and the peace conference which ended the First World War.

6.

1. Hunter- the paris peace conference was in 1919, also known as the Versailles peace conference, was the meeting of the allied powers after WW1 to set a peace treaty with the Axis powers.  

Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students.

Last time on the show…

Today we discuss The age of empire. Let’s dive in.

Was he a good president? Why or why not?

William McKinley - Presidential Podcast

1.  Gabe - McKinley was the 25th president of the united states he stayed in presidency until assassinated in his second term. He lead america to victory in the spanish american war and was the last president to be in the civil war he also was the only president in the war as an enlisted soldier He raised protective tariffs for the industries. He also maintained the gold standard and we cant even do that today.  

6.Ricky-william McKinley was assassinated on September 19, 1901 when as Skylar said in the stomach while shaking Leon Czolgosz hand. Leon Czolgosz was born in Alpena Michigan in 1873 to a family of eight and was bullied by his peers when he was a kid. As he grew up he and his brother worked steel for a . But in the crash of 1893 the factory closed for some time. Leon was a anarchist supporter and killed president McKinley with a .32S&W revolver, look it up.

7.Elijah- William McKinley was first Governor of ohio and then President. He was the last President to serve in the Civil War. When he was 18 he served as a private in infantry and was the youngest in his group. AT 50 years of age Mckinley became President and was assassinated in 1901 on his second term.  

8.

Introduction to the age of empire

1.  Gabe - this started when we stopped isolationism which george washington told us to do and we did for 100 years but from 1898 1901 we grabbed cuba hawaii guam puerto rico and the philippines between 1870 and 1890 all the massive powers were getting colonies for resources so we also started so we didn't get left in the dust we also need those resources such as diamonds gold timber oil rubber and all sorts of more resources

So we went for them which started the age of empire

2.-Ethan- Like I said before the US got a lot of places from Spain. But through most of this, the entire world was trying to get as much land as possible. America wasn’t participating at the time but they were like “oh no, we can’t get left behind” so they started competing for land too.

1. - Blake - This time period is when the United States start to become a true super power as shortly after the Spanish-American war the U.S. had gained quite a bit of territory.

4.Ben- A lot of conflicts in the world are because of land. Maybe one side wants land while the other needs to defend it. Or maybe they’re trying to take back land from previous wars.I think it’s called the age of empire because every empire was expanding or shrinking.

5.Ricky-basically a time when we completely ditched the idea of isolationism and developed Allies like Britain.

1. Skylar - The United States seen that other countries were gaining power and the wanted to do so as well. Europe and Asia were gaining more land. Like they said the united states gained Cuba, Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.

7.Hunter- this war was kind of a fight for territory and the early americans thought that spain sunk the USS. Maine by sabotaging it and then we declared war on spain.

8..Elijah-At the time United states moved more towards imperialism and less towards isolationism. This was because of the fall of manifest destiny and moving more towards taking other countries. The United States took land such as Cuba, Hawaii, Puerto rico and the Philippines.

The age of empire

1.  Gabe - As i stated before the age of empire was when we went and grabbed colonies and land for resources and so did the rest of the major powers. But there was no land to grab so they need to do what this to mahan says he says that they need a way to cross from the pacific to atlantic and vice versa they need ports everywhere and there going to need a powerful navy and in 1914 they put 140 million dollars into their navy

3.-Ethan- Since Cuba was kind of ‘unoccupied’ at the moment, rebels started to mess with the Spanish owners of Cuba. The Cuban even blew up an American warship which caused American retaliation. Thus started the Spanish American War.

1. Ben- Something clicked within the empires to cause them to all kinda take more land, most of the reasons were because of raw materials like things in africa, you could see some places like france claiming land in africa for the materials to bring back to their main country, england did a lot of this too, and some places fought for land in china.

5.Elijah- The age of the empire were the days of imperialism. We have taken over small islands such as Guam and Hawaii. As America expands the American Navy expands. America was looking outward to expansion and getting more resources. Cuba was the point that started the Spanish American War.

1. Skylar - The Age of Empire was basically just trying to grab all the land that wasn’t claimed yet. They wanted this land to find its natural resources to make money. The United states was seeing two of the biggest , most powerful continents, Asia and Europe claiming all this land and using their resources.

7.Hunter- the age of empire for america was to gain land and allies.

8.

The Spanish-American War

1.  Gabe - Again as i said in the introduction to the age of empire we wanted to expand so we went to war with the spanish and won because we outnumbered them greatly and we took cuba guam puerto rico and philippines.

4.Ben- Like Blake said, it was kinda stupid to immediately think that Spain did it, but i think America just wanted some kind of excuse to fight spain and claim Cuba. Then a bit after when the filipinos realized that America was no better than Spain at controlling their land, the rebeled.

5.Ricky-when ‘merica won the war they said they would not claim Cuba. But in a way they did.

6..Elijah- When the USS Maine blew up America blamed Spain sense the ship was at cuba at the time. This seemed like a act of terrorism sense most americans did not have all of the information. This war only lasted 6 weeks and the US won the war. The Rough Riders were a group that were fighting but most of them actually did not ride horses.

1. Skylar - The United States declared war on Spain on April 11th, 1898. The United States were too much for Spain to handle. The army Roosevelt had put together were “armed and dangerous” and were not going down without a fight. That’s exactly what they did. The war ended only four months and one day later, August 12th, 1898.

8.Hunter- what started this war was the tragedy of the USS. Maine the americans thought that spain had something to do with it so we declared war and gained land and allies on top of it all.

The Progressive Era

1.  Gabe - In the progressive era which was around 1890s to 1920s there were im going to say movements cause there were a few on making life for industrial workers better they wanted to eliminate “unfair” business choices the definition of fair is actually playing by the rules and those were the rules so it wasn't necessarily unfair but it was hard for the people. In this era people got better protections women got the right to vote and consumers strengthened.

4.Elijah- The Progressive Era was a time that was wanting progress in society and business. In the 1890s to 1920s the Progressive Era was filled with reformers trying to help make public education, make businesses be more regulated and stop monopolies from taking over. The goal was to move forward. This was also the time of prohibition.  

1. Ben- We’ve seen a lot of industrialization throughout the 19th-20th century as different countries develop technology and advance the stuff we already had. The progressive era really pushed the world’s inventors, as factories were made and different machines were created to make farming and other jobs easier, changing the industry and eventually turning it into what we have today. But as business was booming there were many corrupt businessmen, putting profit over morals.  

6.Ricky-we changed a lot during this time politically and in the industry.

1. Skylar - Like it says in the name the progressive era was an era between 1890 and 1920 that was full of progress. Women finally got the right to vote which was a pretty big deal. But like Ethan said it did have a dark side.

8.Hunter- this era was in the late 19th century to the early 20th this era aimed toward a better society. During this era protections for workers were strengthened, and women finally got the right to vote.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

The presidency of Theodore Roosevelt - AND THE PRESIDENTIAL PODCAST

1. Skylar - Theodore Roosevelt was born on October 27th, 1858 in Manhattan, New York City, New York. His family was very wealthy hence he lived in Manhattan $$$$$. Before he was president he was a writer. He was also known as Teddy, short for Theodore. He was elected president in 1904 after former president William Mckinley was killed. “Teddy” was apart of the republican party. Roosevelt wanted a stronger army and navy and wanted to increase American intervention in Latin America by putting out the "Roosevelt Corollary" and the Monroe Doctrine and constructing the Panama Canal. He was the youngest man to ever be president at 42 years old.

4.Elijah- Theodore Roosevelt also know as “teddy roosevelt” was a man of many talents and ideas. He was a game hunter, a writer and a guy that earned his face on Mount Rushmore. He started his own party known as the Bull Moose Party the Progressive Republican Party. He lost his mother and Wife on the same day. He had someone try to assassinate him in 1912. He was the first president to win a nobel peace prize in 1906.

1. Ben- Theodore was the vice president during William Mckinley’s presidency, but once William tragically died, Theodore Roosevelt became president. Theodore’s story is a sad one, though. His mother and his wife died on the same day that his son was born.

7.Hunter- Theodore Roosevelt was president from 1901-1909 he was the 26th president after the assassination of William  McKinley.

Muckrakers

1.  Gabe - The Muckrakers were the fake news paparazzi of that day not always fake news but the exaggerated a lot to get to the people they were writing to. Sinclair a muckraker was writing about how terrible conditions in the meatpacking industry and how the meat was contaminated and how hard it was even so that they had to make a meat inspection act and a pure food act and a drug Act of 1906 because someone exaggerated in a book yes it was hard but not enough for you to convince them to make a meat inspection act

Come on that's the same as saying they were not paid enough so the whole nation is paying millions to some people who pack meat.

1. - Blake - Jacob Riis was a Danish immigrant who had made good friends with then President of the Police of New York City Theodore Roosevelt which he would talk to and get information in their talks which helped publish Muckraker stories.-

1. -Ethan- The term Muckraker came from Roosevelt’s speech where he said “the men with the muck rakes are often indispensable to the well being of society; but only if they know to stop raking the muck. In this ‘Raking the muck’ references the work of journalists who, as Gabe said, brought in fake news or Muck.

5.Ricky-Muckrakers (like Piper in fallout 4) are basically propaganda spreaders. They go for trying to expose this big government secret, or stuff like that.

1. Ben- During the progressive era, many businessmen were corrupt, so the Muckrakers were people trying to show the world how corrupt they were. This later caused the food and drug act, which inspected foods to make sure they were safe for consumption.

That’s all we have time for today. Thanks for joining us in this emancipation from the box, that is learning.

                          Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students.

Last time on the show…

Today we discuss The American West. Let’s dive in.

How was Hayes different than other presidents?

Rutherford B Hayes - Presidential Podcast

1. Gabe - Ruther B Hayes actually was the first president to celebrate easter thing he also promised only to go one term which he did and his wish was to restore faith that he says was lost since Lincoln was shot. Today historians refer to him as an average president.

3.- Blake - Rutherford B. Hayes was the 19th president of the U.S. Hayes was the governor of Ohio before becoming the president. The election of 1876 was a disputed one as Hayes’ opponent Samuel J. Tilden had won the popular vote but Hayes had won the most electoral votes.

1. - Ethan - His Vice President was William A. Wheeler.  He took office at the end of the Reconstruction Era which was the literal reconstruction of the U.S. after the Civil War. Like Gabe said he tried to take over where Lincoln left off. Hayes was probably one of Lincoln’s greatest supporters.

6.Ricky-Rutherford B Hayes was an extrovert and love to be around people. He was part of the Republican Party and like everyone has already said, he won the popular vote.

1. Hunter- Rutherford B. Hayes’ presidency was from 1877-1881 he was pretty popular as an extrovert like Ricky has said he won the popular vote and like Skylar has said he also won the electoral vote.`

The Gold Rush

1.  Gabe - The Gold was found by John Sumter in 1848 who found flakes in a river well that got out and everyone was coming for some gold in 1849 they were called forty niners

It even says that people were coming from asia australia europe and latin america for the gold well 1850 california became a state, established a government and joined the union. Most the prospectors made nothing some were successful most were not though there was no law enforcement sanitation crime rates were extremely high in goldfields and one camp even exploded. Most of the time the shopkeepers would make more than the actually prospectors because they charged so high for equipment and the shopkeepers became the rich ones.

1. Skylar - The Gold Rush was a very big deal. Like gabe said people came from different  countries like Asia and Europe. Over 300,000 people came from the surrounding states and countries. The new sources of transportation like steamboats and railroads were making it easier than ever to get to the gold, before it was welcomed into the Union as the 31st state on september 9th, 1850.

5.Ben- A popular event in history changed the state of California and its population, literally, they kill off most of California’s native population. After the gold rush many forty-niners moved to alaska or australia because gold was found in both places.

1. Ricky-The California Gold Rush was a period in between 1848 and 1855 in Sutter's Mill.

7.Hunter- lamborghinis are pretty expensive Gabe  nowadays cars like that can go up to nearly 600,000 dollars. Or at least the one i was looking at it was a convertible with a nice chrome black finish but enough about that. The cali gold rush was a really big one and it started a lot of robberies it went on  for seven whole years. I know lol i've looked up prices lololol - gabe

1. Elijah- The California Gold Rush was not just a gold mine literally but also a entrepreneur gold mine. The many ways people made money off of the miners and just the region is amazing. Levi jeans were made at the time for miners so the jeans could be worn more and go though more wear and tear. Women were working inns for the miners and made money that way. The whole gold rush was a big way for people to make money and live the american dream of manifest destiny.

Do you think he was a good or bad president?

Grover Cleveland - Presidential Podcast

1.  Gabe - Grover Cleveland was a democrat American politician and lawyer he was the only president in history to serve two non consecutive terms as 22nd president and the 24th president. He won the popular vote for three presidential elections 1884 1888 1892 He and woodrow wilson were the only two democrats to be elected during the era of republican.

4.- Ethan - His full name was Stephen Grover Cleveland. He was the leader of the Bourbon Democrats. They opposed things like Free Silver. Free Silver was kind of the opposition against using silver in our coins, trying to maintain the gold standard. Other things they didn’t like were high tariffs, inflation, and imperialism. Imperialism was basically extending the country’s power through brute force and or diplomacy.

5.Ricky-Grover Cleveland was a big man as Blake has said, but he was comical and funny in his social interventions but, he was really really serious in his political convention.

1. Ben- A big part of his life was cancer, he found out he had a tumor in the roof of his mouth in the June of 1893. But, the thing was, he didnt want the press to know, because cancer was so scary and deadly at the time. Luckily, he survived and got the tumor cut off on a boat. The cover up was that he got a dental procedure that removed two teeth, which was true, but it was because of the tumor removing process. He also died on June 24, 1908, and his famous last words were, “I have tried so hard to do right.”

7.

1. Elijah- Stephen Grover Cleveland, part of the democratic party. In his first term he vetoed 414 congressional bills. When he first started politics he was a sheriff in New York. After finishing his two terms he went into law and then ran for mayor. He became the mayor of Buffalo in 1882.  After that he ran for governor and won. He kept moving forward as he went to president.

Who were the exodusters?

The Homestead Act and the exodusters

1.  Gabe - The Homestead Act was when the government gave away huge amounts of land to certain citizens you could not apply for a homestead if you beared arms against America which meant no confederate soldiers could apply and you had to be over 21. later they even allowed immigrants to apply you would get around 160 acres of land which is a lot i have seen 80 acres 160 is twice that its massive you got this land if you kept your promise which meant you would farm the land for 5 years. Even African Americans

Could apply for a Homestead Act.

1. - Blake - The Exodusters were a group of people mostly former slaves who were subject to racial violence and repression when in reality all they wanted was a plot of land to start a family and live prosperously.

4.- Ethan - The Exodus of 1879 was a mass migration of African Americans leaving the South. Thus, that group of people became known as the exodusters. Inspiration for the name came from the book of the Bible, Exodus. These people settled in modern day Colorado, Kansas, and Oklahoma.

5.Ricky-Exodusters were former slaves in the South who then moved into the West in two places like Oklahoma Kansas Colorado. The Homestead Act helped this. Because of the Homestead Act granting millions of acres of land Exodusters could build settlements. This was stuff like the Oklahoma land run.

1. Ben- Almost a century after they started, the government gave over one and a half million homesteads away, which was 10% of all American land.

The reservation system

1.  Gabe - The Appropriation Act of 1851 Made it where we could put indians in a reserve In oklahoma so they wouldn't come on land americans wanted to settle. Which also sparked the reservation system for reserves in other states for indians so the americans could settle and the indians could be in there own LITTLE spot.

3.- Ethan - A lot of Native Americans didn’t like the system so thus started the Indian Wars. With a lot of bloodshed done,  Americans stand victorious in relocating the Indians. Ulysses S. Grant tried bringing Indians into mainstream American society.

1. - Blake - Oh boy well as a lot of people know five Native American tribes came together to form the Five Civilized Tribes which consisted of the Cherokee (represent), Creek, Chickasaw. Seminole and Choctaw. This was the main group of Native Americans that were relocated to modern day Oklahoma

5.Ricky-as everyone already said in 1851 the reservation of Indians was basically just the US saying you can stay on this land but we're taking this land. The Dawes Act in 1887 of dismantled reservation giving each tribe plots of land.

1. Ben- After the Indian Removal Act it was a strange time for the Native Americans. The white people thought since they took whatever they wanted before, they could do it again. It was a dark time for American morals.They could govern their tribes but that didn’t protect them from poverty and other terrible things.

step foot in European-American settlements. During this time in American history the whites thought like Ben has said take what they want when they want it.

1. Elijah- The Indian reservation system was put in place to keep land for whites that were moving westward with their philosophy as manifest destiny. The movement westward was always the american dream at the time and this was a way to do it. This caused a lot of hostility from the indians towards the expansionists. This is what helped cause the Indian wars.   

Do you think this was good or bad for the Indians and why?

The Dawes Act

1.  Gabe -  The Dawes act Passed by Grover Cleveland allowed Him to destroy the reservations and make indians come into american society which i think was better i mean did you hear what was happening in those reserves pretty bad stuff.

Then they would give land to certain indians and they became US citizens the rest i believe were classified as immigrants or something of that sort. This applied to all except the 5 civilised tribes but they didn't accept some free allotments of land so we passed the curtis act that allowed the Dawes act to apply to the 5 tribes and they also took the 5 tribes land and let white men settle there.

1. Skylar - The Dawes Act was passed in 1887. Cleveland put this act into place to make indians come back into the American Society because like gabe said stuff was getting pretty bad. Instead of reservations they gave plots to certain tribes instead of having all different tribes in one small piece of land. I think this was a good idea because some tribes don’t get along with each other hence why they weren’t all one huge tribe, but rather many smaller groups of people that got along.

3.- Ethan - The Dawes Act was also known as Dawes Severalty Act or the General Allotment Act. It was signed on January 8th, 1887. It allowed president Grover Cleveland to take tribal lands from the Native Americans to make them American citizens. Cleveland basically was saying that the only way that they could earn citizenship was by giving up traditions.

1. - Blake - More about my tribe yay. Originally the Dawes Act did not apply to the Five Civilized Tribes because they had already been cooperative with the government.

Ricky-the Dawes Act just basically made some Indian tribes U.S citizenship.

1. Ben- The white people thought that to stop the conflict they must break up the land, because that is what most indians fought about at the time, I think. This made the native americans spread out, and eventually make them become normalized in today’s society.

7.

1. Elijah-The dawes acts basically helped native americans become US citizens but

at the same time stripped the native americans from their tribal land.  This divided the european settlers and the native americans even more.

Why were so many immigrants flooding into America?

Chinese immigrants and Mexican Americans in the age of westward expansion

1.  Gabe - Mexicans and Chinese became colliding with americans in there westward expansion. Most of the Mexicans and Chinese had to make enclaves in places to get jobs without losing them because of racist people

3.- Ethan - In the 1820s the Chinese started slowly entering America. By 1849 there were only about 650 Chinese immigrants in America. But then the Gold Rush came into play and by 1852 25,000 Chinese immigrants were in America. In 1880, the Chinese immigrant population increased to 3,000

1. - Blake - With westward expansion came conflict as Americans began fulfilling the manifest destiny and mining the California Gold Rush. The conflict was not only with the Natives but with Mexicans and Chinese.

Ricky-With westward expansion came the fight for land and rights. Las Gorass Blancas was a group of Mexican rebels that fought against United States westward expansion and Manifest Destiny principles. They burned down houses, crops, and killed people.

1. Ben- The rural booms pulled in immigrants from far and wide, but once they sailed across the ocean, they found couldn’t get enough resources to go back to their own country or continent. This caused many of them to have to work very menial jobs since no other employers would hire them like Skylar said.

7.

8.Elijah-During the 1890s the immigration of mexicans and chinese people were moving to america and becoming americans. But on both sides there was also a lot of resistance. As the Gold Rush ended americans populated california and were looking for outward expansion. This was to Mexico and China. Mexico had hostel movement towards(with the Mexican american war) americans and so did China (with the boxer rebellion)

Why did the Indians start the war?

The Indian Wars and the Battle of the Little Bighorn

1.  Gabe - The indian wars were wars fought because the indians did like being moved or have there land destroyed by americans so they fought massive battles in the end America won because they rock and nothing can destroy them and the indians were moved and lots of them died some which accepted land allotments became US citizens though so that's good. The last Indian war battle was at little bighorn where general custer made his great fail and got defeated by the indians which for some reason marked the ending of the indian wars

5.Ricky- The battle of Little Bighorn was basically

6.ben- You can really tell how hard the Indians fought for their land, they had the power to keep up against the US military forces that attacked them, I think it’s because they just knew the land.

7.

1.  Elijah-The Indian Wars was a revolt of the Indians against the white people with there manifest destiny. This was a war for land and resources. The whites were trying to move more westward and the indians resisted and that is where there war started.  

What happened at the battle of wounded knee?

The Ghost Dance and Wounded Knee

1.  Gabe -  The Ghost Dance was a way for the indians to remember there tribal ways after the americans came and destroyed everything and the battle of wounded knee was were americans 7th cavalry slaughtered indiscriminately hundreds of sioux men women and children.

3.- Ethan - On December 29th, 1890, the US 7th Cavalry Regiment ambushed a Sioux Indian camp nearby Wounded Knee Creek. The Regiment tried to disarm the Sioux, but while doing so a shot was fired and that sent the Sioux into chaos, while the US Army massacred many men, women, and even children. These soldiers were exonerated and 20 soldiers were given medals of honor.( People can call me crazy, but I support almost whatever the US Army, Air Force, and Navy do. They were just doing their jobs, and they did them well.)

1. - Blake - I’ll be talking about the aftermath of this and how you white people still couldn’t keep us down. After the wounded knee massacre the unit that had caused the scuffle had been pardoned and some had even been given a Medal Of Honor the most prestigious of military awards. But even after everything there are still over 2.9 million Natives in the U.S.

6.

7.

1. Elijah- The ghost dance was a vision of love and peace that was from God. This was a movement that was very spiritual. This was all about reuniting the indian tribes and coming together. The goal was banishment of all evil in the world.

Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students.

Last time on the show…

Today we discuss the causes of the Civil War. Let’s dive in.

Introduction to the Gilded Age Why was it called the Gilded Age? And Who coined the term.

1. 1. Hunter- The gilded age in American was the late 19th century, from 1870 to about 1900. The name of this point in time was used in the early 20th century, and was derived from writer Mark Twain’s 1873 novel the Gilded Age: A Tale Of Today, which started an era of social problems covered by a thin gold gilding.

• Gabe - The Gilded age was a time where americans economy went good and bad in a way because industry grew but money not so much.  

1. - Ethan - The Gilded Age was the time that America began to revolutionize their industrial world. Mark Twain coined the term “Gilded Age” which meant the time seemed pretty good but was truly miserable. Someone who profited from the Gilded Age was John D. Rockefeller, who was the founder of oil. Oil was just 1 of the “titans of industry” which were steel, banking, and oil. The miserable part would probably be that they got their money mostly through corruption.

The Gilded Age and the Second Industrial Revolution

Name one invention that came out of the Second Industrial Revolution.

1. Hunter- The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technological Revolution, was a time of quick industrialization in the last third of the 19th century, and the beginning of the 20th. Some of the inventions are of the following the swiss army knife, barbed wire, dynamite, and the motorcycle. Oh and some of my personal favorites are the Maxim Machine Gun, and the colt .45 M-1911.

1. - Blake(ben) - As everyone has said previously this was a big time for the early United States which revolutionized building and processing for wealthy businessman looking to get a start in the material industry.

Social Darwinism in the Gilded Age What is Social Darwinism and do you think there is any truth in it?

1. Skylar - Social Darwinism is just basically seeing what people are on the outside. Social Darwinism says that the poor have less worth that a higher class rich person. It’s judging people for what’s on the outside and your social class rather than judging someone for what’s on the inside like being kind. Acting like a snob means you have more worth to someone who believes in Social Darwinism, when in reality they are worth less for judging people just by how much money they have, or how they look.

America moves to the city Why did most of America start moving to cities and leaving farms?

1. 1. Skylar - In 1790 nearly everyone lived in the country or on a farm. Due to The Second Industrial Revolution, growing population, and new machinery the United States needed more room to expand into the countryside to make big cities for railroads and new jobs. By 1920 only 28% of people lived in rural areas and the majority lived in the larger cities.

• Gabe - Another thing that happened which was people started urbanizing living in urban places it started in the 1800s and it made its ascent from there until 1920s where more people lived in urban areas then actual rural areas. And here is a quote from thomas jefferson who said “once we start piling upon one another in large cities  as in europe

We will become as corrupt as europe”.

1. - Blake(hunters) - America began to enter industrialization and because of this more people moved to bigger cities to find work and be prosperous.

The Knights of Labor  

What were the Knights of Labor and what do you think about them? Good or bad?

1.Hunter- The K of L, officially Noble the Holy order of the Knights of Labor, Was the largest and one of the most important American labor organizations 1880. It’s most important leaders were Terence V. Powderly and step-brother Joseph bath. The Knights promoted the working man, rejected socialism and anarchism, demanded the eight-hour day, and promoted the producersethic of republicanism.

1. The Knights of Labor was a union founded in 1869. They promoted 8 hour work days and wanted to end child labor. It was mostly white men in this union, but immigrants, african americans, as well as women were welcome to be members. By 1886 the Knights of Labor had over 700,000 members and supporters.

The Populists What was the Populists agenda? Did they succeed?

1. Skylar - The people who were called populists were an agrarian-based movement trying to better the conditions for the farmers and agrarian workers of the United States. In 1876 the farmers alliance was made to help end the crop-lien system that put many farmers into poverty, this movement began in Texas. The crop-lien system operated in the south were cotton was grown. Any sharecroppers, tenant farmers, black, and white people who didn’t own the land that they worked, would have to take out loans to be able to purchase supplies had to pay back their loans with cotton.

7.Hunter- the Populists were an agrarian-based  political movement.

The South after the Civil War What happened to the farming economy, why?

1. 1. Skylar - The period of Reconstruction lasted from 1865 to 1877. During this time 3 newly adopted amendments were passed, the Thirteenth Amendment to end slavery, the Fourteenth Amendment that promised the African Americans the right to have citizenship in The United States Of America, and the Fifteenth Amendment that guaranteed black men the right to vote.

• Gabe - The South crashed economically because they were built on selling tobacco and cotton  and since the prices dropped the south was economically destroyed.

1. Ben- Just because slavery ended doesn’t mean racism did, some is still here today, and people are doing things about it. But the end of slavery was pretty cool. Allowing people of color to now vote and be American citizens. Some of the industry based on slavery like farming and other labor tasks sort of crashed since they now had to hire workers and pay them.

Life after slavery for African Americans What happened to racism, did it get better or worse? Why do you think that

1. 1. Skylar - When the civil war was over life got a lot better for the people living in the United States. African Americans became free in 1865 and was put into the Amendments as the 13th amendment. Which made a huge difference in everyone’s lives, especially the cotton plantation owners in the south because they would no longer have free labor.

• African americans became as the same as any white person there was no “an african american person couldn't do this because blank” anymore. There was a african american named george washington carver who made 300 different products from peanuts. Another named Booker T Washington started a University.

1. Ben - There were still some restrictions on what they could do though, they still couldn’t testify against white people, serve in a jury, or serve in some state militias.

The Compromise of 1877 Why did the compromise have to happen? What was the final factor that gave Hayes his victory. What was the main deal in the Compromise?

1. 1. Skylar - The Compromise of 1877 was put into place to resolve a Presidential election that took place a year before. There was a dispute between the democrat Samuel Tilden and republican Rutherford Hayes. This dispute was obviously over who was going to become the next President of the US. Samuel J. Tilden won with 247,448 votes, but votes in 3 states were being disputed. These states were in the South and were, Florida, Louisiana, as well as South Carolina. This lasted 4 months then this compromise was put into place.

• Basically the exchange in this compromise was that Rutherford B Hayes would become President and the south would get home rule and federal troops with withdraw from the south

1. 1. - Ethan - The compromise was seemingly a president in exchange troop withdrawal.

• Ben- With most debates the best option is a compromise, it will make both sides an equal amount of happy or sad. And with the destruction of the souths economy everyone was reconstructing their businesses.

1. - Blake - The compromise of 1877 was basically meant as a tiebreaker for the previous presidential election which had also affected African Americans

Jim Crow

The origins of Jim Crow - introduction

Origins of Jim Crow - the Black Codes and Reconstruction

Origins of Jim Crow - the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments

Origins of Jim Crow - Compromise of 1877 and Plessy v. Ferguson

What are the Jim Crow Laws and what did they encompass, why did people think there was a need to put those laws into place?

1. Skylar - Jim Crow laws were racist laws. Saying for example, this bathroom is for blacks and this is a special one for whites. Jim Crow laws were really popular in the South from the 1870 through the 1960. Nearly 100 years. Most schools, restaurants, bathrooms, buses, stores, ect. Were using these laws to keep African Americans out of their places of business. If a black man had a business that was making good money some nieve white men would burn their homes/shops down because they were jealous. If a white and black person were together they’d hang the black person in the middle of town which is so crazy.

Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students.

Last time on the show…

Today we discuss the causes of the Civil War. Let’s dive in.

Abe Lincoln - Do your own research here - ALSO your next essay

1. Ricky- I read Bill O'reilly’s book on Lincoln and his assassination so this should be fun. Lincoln was a man of his word, and After he signed the emancipation proclamation he was called an ape because of his giant ears and beard and because of the south’s/confederate pro slavery additude. Abraham lincoln was born on February 12th 1809 in the town of Hodgenville Kentucky. In his early years he lived in a cabin and became a lawyer in his adult life. In the last episode we covered the lincoln debates so that was obviously a part of his life.

Slavery and the Missouri Compromise

1. Skylar - People in free states were worried about slavery because if they wanted to move West there would more than likely not be any land for them to buy because rich slave owners bought it all. You cannot compete with free labor. Even if there was land for you to buy you would probably have to purchase a few slaves to even compete with the rich slave holders. If you were paying people to work you’d be making pretty much nothing off your crops when slave holders could take in all the profit they make because they don’t have to pay them to work. In 1860 the most valuable thing you could own was slaves. The slave holders didn’t want a new state like Missouri to become a free state because all their money was tied up in slavery, once your surrounded by free states chances are your state will soon become free too.

The south wanted it to be a slave state so they didnt in the future lose everything

They had been working for because all those plantations with slaves if states

Started becoming free states so would there state and economy would crash in a

Way because of all the slaves working to the economy

1. Ricky: Well everyone seems to have taken most topics so I’ll talk about Henry clay. Henry clay was the “architect” of the missouri compromise. The missouri compromise was practically built by Henry clay and the compromise was “If we give you missouri, then we get main as a free state.  

Increasing political battles over slavery in the mid-1800s

1. Skylar - As the United States grow and develop the higher tension became between the slave states as well as the free states. The slave states wanted them to become slave states and the free states wanted them to become free states. It would mean more free work if they became slave states, but as a free state they couldn’t compete with the states with slaves and the free work. Even if your anti-slavery or an abolitionist you still had to partake in slavery, if you see a slave escape its your job to bring them back to their owner, or you could get fined.

Literal fights and political fights over slavery or not one time a senator in kansas

Killed because he didn't believe in slavery kansas was named bleeding kansas

Because of this and many other states fought too.

1. Hunter- Like Gabe said in the mid 1800’s there were many battles fought whether it was political debates or physical fighting. And they were all based on slavery whether slavery will stay in ‘America or go and this is was sparked the Civil war but we will get to in in a minute.

Start of the Civil War - secession and Fort Sumter

1. Skylar - The South was worried that when Lincoln takes office he would ban slavery, their whole economy was based off slavery and their free labor. If slavery was banned everyone would become poor especially in the south. This caused the south to secede from the Union, these states include South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, Georgia, and Texas. They formed what they called the Confederate States of America. It was basically the same as the Union, nearly the same constitution, although it states that there will be slavery. I bet they felt pretty stupid when Lincoln says in his speech that he didn’t plan on outlawing slavery, just not moving it further West. Lincoln offered that they could come back and everything would go back to normal, but they decline, they want to make sure slavery will never end.

Strategy of the Civil War

1. 1. Skylar - Each side had around 30,000 troops each. They met fairly close to Washington, D.C. to begin war, This was called the Battle of Bull Run also known as the Battle of Manassas. People brought picnic’s and wanted to watch this battle for entertainment but this was the exact opposite of entertaining around 800 people died that day and it was the most deadly battle in American history to ever happen.  It was a Confederate Victory, which isn’t very surprising to me because southern people are crazy.

• Gabe

1. Ben- The south did very well in the beginning, even though the north had some advantages like railroads, and just the number of soldiers they had was greater. The south had good defense, they were prepared for the north. And the south had the great generals and leaders, people like Robert E. Lee and others.

     6.Hunter- I’m pretty sure that everyone has written down their strategy ethan’s thought on the strat is basically the beginning the strats got more and more complex like most wars. What this is is both sides trying to learn more about the enemy and their forces.

     7.ricky-the goal, as ethan said, was to push them down, but the ultimate goal was to take over the southern coast cutting them off from both the world, and exports. This caused bread riots in the confederate states.

Early phases of Civil War and Antietam

1. -Ethan- While elected in 1860, he didn’t get inaugurated until 1861. Now after that the Battle of Fort Sumter took place was kind of the beginning of the Civil War. I mean McClellan was worried about losing troops, so LIncoln was kind of ticked and thinking that we’re just giving the South more time to strategize. Lee thinks that he did very well in Virginia, he should take his troops up North to Maryland. This is where he meets with McClellan at Antietam. hehehehheehEHheheheheheheheheehehhehehehehehehehehhflufffy chickens

1. Ricky-

The Emancipation Proclamation

1. -Ethan- The first draft of the Emancipation Proclamation was written in 1862 by Abe, and issued on the 1st of January 1863. Before it was issued some of his advisors were just thinking it would make things weird with the slave states still in the Union. The Proclamation was basically just ending slavery in the South. The Proclamation was kind of like we’re going to give a few months to rejoin the Union. When they didn’t and they signed it, it said they couldn’t keep people from being free.

Significance of the battle of Antietam

1. 1. -Ethan- The battle of Antietam took place on September 17th, 1862. It was the most violent battle in American history. A little over 4000 people died then. It was also a pretty big win for the Union and Lincoln and after this victory he had enough power to sign the Emancipation Proclamation. Now, I know normally he would be able to do that no questions asked, but with the South separating he didn’t have enough power where it mattered. This allowed slaves to separate without question.

• Gabe - Antietam was one of the bloodiest battles in the civil war because they just fought back and forth as i said earlier none stop basically just losing men till the other team lost more.

1. Ben- And Europe was on the south’s side at this time, because most of their economy was based off the cotton plantations of the south, the Battle of Antietam didn’t just affect America.  

-

Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students.

Last time on the show...

Election of 1800

Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency

And

Lewis and Clark and their expedition

Today we discuss .   Let’s dive in.

Why did the Irish imigrate to America, why did the Germans?

Irish and German immigration

1st Ben- In 1812 to 1870, seven and half million people immigrated,  Halfway through the nineteenth century, a third of the Irish population immigrated to America, and one third germans did too, they did so because of the unemployment they faced and the civil unrest in their countries, they did it because of the near impossible hardships before them. The wave of immigration really affected a lot of cities.

2nd ricky approximately 90% of immigration was either german/irish. This is a huge number the reason they immigrated was because of the potato famine [in ireland] were all they had to eat was potatoes which doesn’t sound too bad to me! BTW i am both Irish and German, with a little Cherokee in the mix.

3rd - Ethan - In the time period of 1820-1840, the Irish and Germans were the largest  group of immigrants in the US. They were time and time again subjected to prejudice and discrimination. Over time though, they became the most successful groups of immigrants in the US. The US is an immigrant country, so in turn had lots trouble with incorporating new demographics. A million Irish died because of starvation. This was known as the Great Irish Famine.

4th  gabe - germans created settlements and every union state from pennsylvania all the way

To Oregon all along the north and midwest. Many germans were farmers with innovative ways

To farm like soil conservation but some settled in metropolitan areas pursuing education.

Even today over 50 MILLION PEOPLE IN AMERICA ARE SOME OR ALL GERMAN I have a little german myself  

5th- Blake - Y’all have covered basically everything cause y’all think its a race so i’m just going to summarize. During the early to mid 1800s 90% of the immigrants to America were of eastern european origin. The Potato Famine was a big part of the Irish immigration. Of course with mass immigration there is always opposers as Americans began to wonder if these immigrants would take their jobs.

6th Hunter- do not say that i copied and pasted for info because this is the real treaty. (well seems more like a letter-Hunter) ((yo andrew jackson was wack (not in the good way) -ben))

Letter to the London Times from an Irish Immigrant in America, 1850

I am exceedingly well pleased at coming to this land of plenty. On arrival I purchased 120 acres of land at $5 an acre. You must bear in mind that I have purchased the land out, and it is to me and mine an "estate for ever", without a landlord, an agent or tax-gatherer to trouble me. I would advise all my friends to quit Ireland — the country most dear to me; as long as they remain in it they will be in bondage and misery.

What you labour for is sweetened by contentment and happiness; there is no failure in the potato crop, and you can grow every crop you wish, without manuring the land during life. You need not mind feeding pigs, but let them into the woods and they will feed themselves, until you want to make bacon of them.

I shudder when I think that starvation prevails to such an extent in poor Ireland. After supplying the entire population of America, there would still be as much corn and provisions left us would supply the world, for there is no limit to cultivation or end to land. Here the meanest labourer has beef and mutton, with bread, bacon, tea, coffee, sugar and even pies, the whole year round — every day here is as good as Christmas day in Ireland.

7th - Skylar - Americans who lived in the united states before the immigration of german and irish people were not too happy about all this, they did not want these new-comers who didn’t even belong there to take over their country. Everyone has said pretty much everything to be said, but something i think is really cool is how a lot of americans now have either german or irish in them because of all of these people who came to the US nearly 150 years ago.

The 1820s and the Market Revolution

Why was the market revolution so revolutionary? Name one invention that came out of the MR.

1st - skylar- a lot of people think that the market revolution was more revolutionary than the revolutionary war. Which is pretty amazing because how could a something to do with marketing be more revolutionary than a war?!? Thats crazy talk but it truly is. That’s how people made their money, fed their families, and paid their bills. One guy was so obsessed with textile mills they had made it illegal but he know it wasn’t illegal to think about it so he memorized the way the loom worked.🦄

2nd -  Ethan - The Industrial revolution was basically a change in the kind of machinery that was used to make things. In the 1790s - early 1800s was a time when new inventions came to the US. This was the time when people went from farmers to hourly laborers. Towns were placed near rivers to keep an easy to obtain and clean source of H2O. There was a slow introduction to factory working in this time. They made the cotton gin, which while still requiring labor, it made separating the seeds from the cotton a load easier. The work changed, the goods changed, and the common items started to change during the 1840-1860. The way we got from place to place was improved too. We were able to transport things much quicker. They added railroads too.

3rd Ben- Some people really thought it was a negative thing, people today think it marked the beginning change from democracy to capitalism. It improved trade and really made resources moblie.

4th- Blake - the Industrial revolution was a time of when many inventions came to light and helped out the market in all kinds of ways like the cotton gin or the telegraph. ‘Merica.

5th ricky- to add on to what ben said, Charles Grier seller said: “While dissolving deeply rooted patterns of behavior and belief for competitive effort, it mobilized collective resources through government to fuel growth in countless ways, not least by providing the essential legal, financial, and transport infrastructures. Establishing capitalist hegemony over economy, politics, and culture, the market revolution created ourselves and most of the world we know”, I do not agree that capitalism is a negative effect, some people are more lucky then others, and people who think capitalism is a negative effect just don’t get it, YOU EARN WHAT YOU EARN. (unless you get a raise -Ben)

6th Hunter- i have to agree with everyone and Ricky preach it. What you are saying is be happy your even earning anything. And Ben wow just wow. It’s true but wow...

7th - gabe - it was basically the start of trade in America.

The age of Jackson

Knowing Jackson now would you have voted for him? Why or why not?

1st - Skylar - Jacksonian democracy was one of the most influential things in the era of the 19th century to a lot of historians. Jackson had a very strong opinion on indians, slaves, and women. He did not like indians and did not care about women. He thought anyone who was not white and male then they were worthless, but he still served two terms. 🦄

2nd - Ethan - Although the US is a democracy most of the founders feared the “Tyranny of a Majority”. Voting was based off if you could own land. They thought if you didn’t own property, you couldn’t a good decision about the country. They also tried to make it to where, only 1 part of the population could vote. Since all of the big names in politics were white men, they decided to make it white male landowners.

3rd - Blake - I assure you this part will not be light hearted. Andrew Jackson started his life in the essence of death as his father died shortly before he was born. Of course his life being surrounded by death is no excuse of his hot tempered action toward others. One of his most brutal accomplishments was his racism towards Native Americans after he enacted the indian removal act which made Native Americans walk what is now known today as The Trail of Tears to modern day Oklahoma which caused the deaths of many Native Americans.

4th- Ben- During this time the nullification crisis also happened. The nullification crisis was when there were a lot of tariffs being put in place. (tariffs are taxes placed on imported goods.) John C. Calhoun, (pronounced cal-hoon btw) as current vice president, was mad that Andrew wasn’t confronting the tariff problem. So there was this electricity between the pres and vice pres. Calhoun made a pamphlet that was anonymously published (anonymous at the time, not anymore) inside the pamphlet was the theory of nullification. Which said that in normal law, if there’s a pass, all states must enforce the law. But the theory of nullification said that a state should be able to choose in that law if that law is enforced or not. ( and please, no one compare this to weed in colorado.) The pamphlet made everyone start debating. One of the biggest opposers was John Quincy Adams, former president. Jackson put up all the walls to keep from splitting up the nation. He still compromised, though, he signed a bill that lowered tariffs which kinda made the south happy. But some were stubborn and wanted 0 taxes on imported items. They saw the government as suspicious and they even threatened to secede every time a law was thought to be antagonistic to the south.

5th Hunter- He was an American soldier and statesman who served as the Seventh President of The United States of America like Ricky said he was a bad dude he was really REALLY tough. He is definitely tougher than Dwayne Johnson because i don’t think he can take a bullet inches away from his heart.

6th-Ricky-andrew jackson was ‘BAD dude, he was shot in the the chest inches away from his heart and survived with only minor injuries, and while his actions with the trail of tears were unjustifiable, he had a sense of honor and social integrity, for example Andrew jackson fought 106 duels all for the integrity of his wife.

7th

Jacksonian Democracy - background and introduction

Jacksonian Democracy - the "corrupt bargain" and the election of 1824

Jacksonian Democracy - mudslinging and the election of 1828

Jacksonian Democracy - spoils system, Bank War, and Trail of Tears

What is the Jacksonian Democracy.

1st gabe - the Jacksonian Democracy started and ended a lot of things one of the things

Was that if you were a landowner you could vote so some free black people could vote but that changed very fast making any white person able to vote and removed the land ownership vote way.

2nd Ben- john quincy adams, son of john adams was elected president, some think it was because he was friends with henry clay, well, not really friends, but they both hated jackson. People called it a corrupt bargain. They said that john quincy adams had bribed henry clay by offering a spot of political power in exchange for his deciding vote. The people knew/thought this because after John Quincy Adams was elected, henry clay was made secretary of state.

3rd - Ethan - The Jacksonian Democracy was the birth of American political culture. Many of the big names in politics feared a large government. The Expansion of Democracy, basically made the US political system into a democracy. While other country were slowing into a cerai political place the US just went straight to it. This era was called the Jacksonian Era or the Second Party System.

4th- Blake - The age of which Andrew Jackson was president caused many changes to what we know about democracy. Jackson and his supporters caused major uproar after the election of 1824 after Jackson won the popular vote and John Quincy Adams won the electoral vote but JQC ended up gaining the presidency.

5th-ricky- the trail of tears was a heartbreaking and dangerous trek through the south relocating the cherokee, and other tribes of Georgia, to (at the time) indian territory which today is called oklahoma/arkansas.

6th Hunter- like Blake said him and his supporters did cause a uproar and he did change a lot of things about democracy. With that said all the things he did were probably because of his miserable childhood and that’s where he probably got his racism unless he got his racism from another incident.

7th - skylar - The Jacksonian Democracy was sort of the start up of what today’s political culture is today, In this time like everyone else has said only landowners were aloud to vote but this quickly changed to just white men over the age of 21 really quick after Jackson became the 7th president. Then it was a ‘‘you scratch my back i’ll scratch yours’’ meaning you’ll do this for me i’ll do this for you. This was called the spoils system, anyone who would vote for him he’d give them part of the government. A lot of the people who voted for him didn’t even like him they just wanted a good job.

The presidency of Andrew Jackson

1st gabe - Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the US he was in office from 1829 to 1837. He changed the voting system from only landowners to about everybody. He oversaw

The indian removal act which devastated all native americans and moved ten whole tribes.

2nd Ricky- Andrew jackson was probably the toughest guy in the U.S at the time. He survived a shot to the heart in a duel when a man had a love for his wife [i evaluated this in the last topic] he also was a famous general in the war of 1812.

3rd - Ethan - I’d like to add that the voting system actually went from landowners to basically just white males.  The Indian Removal Act was put into effect in 1830. This act allowed us to move the Native Americans away from their homes. Soon, this act tipped over the dominoes and created the Trail of Tears.

4th - skylar - like Ethan said Jackson forced the native americans away from there land through the trail of tears which is just one of the horrible things jackson did, he was a basic white guy back then who didn’t really care about anyone but himself. He did have a pretty good army, and obviously won against the indians in the creek war.

5th- Blake - There's not too much more to say about Andrew Jackson he lived a violent life since birth. He accomplished many things in office but he also wrecked the nation's economy which paved the way for the first economic depression.

6th Hunter- while he was in office it was pretty violent he had a lot of duels caused the trail of tears and is responsible for the death of meny indians. And I am surprised he made it to two terms and was even qualified to even run for president a second time!

7th-Ben- It kind of makes me sad looking back on the political state and how it was so loose that basically anyone could be elected. After his presidency he moved back to Nashville, TN, and eventually died at his home in 1845 at the age of 78, 17 years after he was elected president.

Indian Removal

Name on tribe that was removed 5 people. Why were thry moved and did any resist

1st- Skylar - the indian removal act, later known as the trail of tears. All of the remaining southern indian tribes west of the mississippi would get $500,000  for food, transportation, and such. The indians indured so much during this time. Many died from diseases, malnutrition, and other horrible things. It truly was the worst thing that happened to indians in my opinion. They were forced to move away from all they knew just so more americans could move in.

2nd -gabe -the indian act was probably the worst thing to ever happen to the indians they were Moved out of america so americans would have room for settlement the indians had To leave their land and there traditions and leave everything and move.

3rd - Ethan - The Indian Removal Act was signed in May 1830. It caused the Trail of Tears which, like Skylar said, caused many Native Americans to die. The act effected 5 tribes, the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Creek, and Seminole.  These names were made by people associated with white-European culture. The 1st to leave was the Choctaw. The Chickasaws said they would leave unless given 3 million dollars. The US didn’t decide to do so until 30 years later. The Creek had to give up 20,000 acres of ancestral ground. That was called the Treaty of Fort Jackson. Also, the Seminole wouldn’t leave which caused a war. This was the Second Seminole War. The US won and caused the Seminoles to leave. Then the area west of Mississippi River became Native American territory.

4th - Ricky- the indian Removal policy was something that was created by Andrew Jackson and his supporters. (blake-the native americans didn’t create the USofA now did they ;-), also they own  casinos, and oil rigs, and land, and construction (unless thats mexican, IDK) and this is not me trying to be racist. While this was revolutionary for the United States growth, it was extremely disrespectful, and racist and was unjust.(also im about ¼ of me is cherokee).

5th- Blake - *Mutters* Oh boy here we go the Indian Removal Act was created to move the Five Civilized Tribes to modern day Oklahoma so the whites could have Native American land for westward expansion. This plan was extremely racist and disrespectful to Native American tribes WHO WERE THERE FIRST. But all is good nowadays as we own the majority of casinos slowly taking back the money white people stole from us.

6th Hunter- *claps* yes yes indeed they were there first and it was extremely racist and disrespectful.

7th-Ben- (my ancestors were of the cherokee tribe)  They really wanted the land the indians had rule over, because you know its land the more the better and in 1828, two years before the act, gold was discovered in the indians land. So thats some sort of motivation i guess? I still dont think the act was justified but they had motive.

Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students.

Last time on the show...

George Washington

John Adams

Today we discuss “The Early Republic”.   Let’s dive in.

Which Candidate would you have voted for, why?

The election of 1800

1st - Ricky-the Election of 1800 was a cruel, and partisian time filled with bitterness and hate. The gist of the Election was that Thomas jefferson had been ‘waging war’ so to speak against John adams. Each had different views on America even though they were friends Thomas Jefferson was Democrat/Republican and John adams was federalist.

• 2nd - Gabe - There was some major conflict in america in 1800 because with

the Federalist leaning toward Britain and the Democratic/republic leaning

More Toward the French many thought the federalist were trying to bring

back more of a monarchy.

• 3rd -  Ben- These bitter rivals fighting over how the States should be governed, but both representing different points of views. The alien and sedition acts were also still a problem during this time, and alexander hamilton wrote a 54 page long letter criticising adam and all his flaws, which mustve been many flaws if it was 54 pages. Soon after, the entire letter was published, which really damaged the federalists. Duing the voting of who would be president, it was a total tie, with 65 electoral votes on each side, but once south carolina turned it their votes, it revealed that jefferson had won the election.

Jefferson's presidency and the turn of the nineteenth century In your opinion what was the most important thing Jefferson did?

• 1st - Gabe - Thomas Jefferson was the writer of the declaration of independence

He was a Democratic/Republican not a Federalist he ran against john adams and

Won in 1800 before that he was a secretary under george washington and vice

President for John adams.

• 2nd - Ethan - Jefferson was the 3rd president of the US. He served 2 terms from 1801-1809. Jefferson had to deal with some difficult challenges with authority. Piracy on the Barbary Coast of Northern Africa and British impressment.  This made Jefferson instate a massive ban on European goods. This was called the Embargo Act of 1807. Jefferson was born in Virginia. He was the first US Secretary of State.

The Louisiana Purchase and its exploration

What did the Purchase do? Why do you think it was so cheap.

• 1st - Ethan - The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the US, which reshaped the environmental and economic stance of the country. He was the president that confronted the fact that he didn’t have the power to do it but he did it anyway. He got 2 men to explore the new territory. These 2 men were Meriwether Lewis and William Clark.

of being reelected by all but 14 votes. Even tho there was a lot of criticism from the

northern states about there being to many slave states but he passed it anyway.

• 5th - Blake - At the time of the Louisiana Purchase President Thomas Jefferson didn’t even know if it was constitutional. During the years of the Louisiana Territory being passed around by France and Spain it was mostly inhabited by various Native American tribes. Altogether there was about 828,000 square miles of land in the entire territory which sold for 3 cents an acre adding up to about 315,000,000 in today’s money.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

           1st -  BEN- The lewis and clark expedition was from may 1804- september 1806, it was      

also called the Corps of discovery expedition. It was a selected group of US army volunteers, led Meriwether Lewis and his good friend Second Lieutenant William Clark. They were hired to explore the newly bought territory that america got during the louisiana purchase.

• 2nd - Ethan - Lewis and Clark were hired by Jefferson to explore the land west of the Mississippi River. The expedition lasted 4 years. The were aided in their investigation by a local indian woman named Sacagawea. She knew the tribes and land so she help immensely.

swarmed them. They killed many animals including: elk,grizzly bears, and buffalo.

One of the explorers actually had been bitten by a rattlesnake and survived.

They documented flora and fauna and lewis being very curious had  even eaten

some minerals and had become very sick.

• 5th - Blake - After the Louisiana Purchase Thomas Jefferson had newly bought land that was undiscovered so Jefferson granted an expedition. Jefferson selected two Army volunteers to lead the expedition Captain Meriwether Lewis and Second Lieutenant William Clark. One of the many animals they discovered was the prairie dog which they captured by pouring buckets of water down each hole and flooding them out.

The War of 1812 -

• 1st - Ben- The war of 1812 lasted from June 18, 1812- February 12, 1815. There was a lot of conflict deciding if they should go to war or not, but the biggest group, the “War Hawks” led by Henry Clay said that they shouldn't tolerate such insults from britain. Most federalists didn’t want a war, they thought it would stop important trade that northern america depended on.

Creek Nations population. The creek had to give up 23 million acres of land

and had to never join sides with the Spanish or British against the Americans again when they signed the treaty of Fort Jackson.

• 5th - Blake - The War of 1812 was a armed conflict from 1812 to 1815. The combatants of this war were The United States, Great Britain and American Indians. The US and Great Britain were definitely not on great terms after the American Revolution. The british had friends within the Native American tribes and they weren’t on great terms with the US either as settlers had been pushing for more westward expansion.

The Monroe Doctrine

What did the Monroe Doctrine do? Was it effective in your opinion?

• 1st - Ben- The Monroe Doctrine was a speech, or well, a part of a speech, the speech was given in 1823 by president James monroe, here is what it says, “We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and those powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system (They were talking about britains system of government, monarchy) to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power, we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintained it, and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States.” It was basically declaring americas overall freedom, that britain couldnt interfere in anything or put british colonies on their land.

It was discarded largely by the other nations. Australia said it was just another

way for an American revolt , but for britain they accepted the doctrine.

• 6th - Skylar - James Monroe wrote the Monroe Doctrine in the year of 1823.  Monroe told the “Crowned Heads” of Europe to stay out of the Americas.  He also said the era of colanization is over.  Monroe did not want Europe to know anything about the Americas. The crowned heads were the kings and queens of Europe, higher up, and pretty much knew and thought they were better than anyone. This was only a phase to describe monarchs.

Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students.

Last time on the show...

Today we are “Creating a Nation”. Let’s dive in.

Braden: What is the SCC? When did the SCC happen?

1. The Second Continental Congress

• Blake- The Second Continental Congress was formed in 1775 in Philadelphia right after the fight for american independence began. It was formed for the purpose of military strategy and provide direction in the new war. George Washington was ll elected to be the commander of the armies. The Second Continental Congress had became the government of that time.

1. The Declaration of Independence

Braden: Why was the Doi written? What did it basically do? What were some of the things mentioned in it?

• Blake- The Declaration of Independence is possibly the most famous point in the Revolutionary War. Written by Thomas Jefferson there is signs of Enlightenment thinking within the text.

1. The Articles of Confederation Braden: Why was the AoC doomed to fail?

• Blake- In 1777 The Articles of Confederation was created in hopes of looking as different from Monarchy as possible. Although there were complications as to getting it ratified by law it would need at least 9 out of 13 states for the ratification to be approved. Eventually the Articles would be changed in 1789 for a new constitution.

1. Shays's Rebellion Braden: Why did shay rebel? Why couldnt the state stop him?

• Blake- Daniel Shays was a farmer and veteran of the Revolutionary War from Massachusetts. He led a rebellion against the state of Massachusetts for the treatment of the states economy. Daniel had remained unpaid for his service in the military upon finding out he was not the only one to be unpaid he decided to do something.

1. The Constitutional Convention

• Blake- The Constitutional Convention was held in hopes of creating a stronger central government which The Articles of Confederation did not accomplish. The main problem of this was that they wanted to stay away from Monarchy as far as possible.

1. The US Constitution Braden: Whats to stop one part of the Gov to take control? What powers does each section have?

• Blake- The US Constitution was what came of the Constitutional Convention it states the different powers of each three governmental branches. Even though Thomas Jefferson was a big part of the government at the time he was not present during signing as he was working as a representative in France. To stop the formation of a tyrannical government the three branches were given the ability to stop eachother from passing laws that were deemed unconstitutional.

Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students.

The Road to Revolution

1. Seven Years War

• Blake-The seven years war is truly an interesting war. Many don’t realize that it was actually the first global or world war. As Ricky said the fighting actually began in 1754, however the English didn’t declare war on the French until 1756 so in actuality it is the Seven Years War. The cause of the war is pretty simple the English were obsessed with gaining the most land while the French were interested in the fur trade with the Native Americans. The English failed to gain control of the French fort “Fort  Duquesne” so the English prime minister decided this was a lack of military strength so he funded the military endeavor even more. This was a good idea at the time but later it was the main cause of the Revolutionary war because of the taxation he needed to pay back the debt.

1. Uproar over the Stamp Act

• Blake-The Stamp Act was enacted because of the debts left behind from the war. While it was almost unanimously voted on there was one man who thought it was unfair to tax the colonist without their representation in parliament his name was William Pitt. But the Stamp Act was still enacted and it caused major hostility from the colonist. Printers, publishers and lawyers were directly affected by the act and as I said earlier this was one of the main causes of The Revolutionary War.

1. The Townshend Acts and the committees of correspondence

• Blake-Once The Stamp Act was repealed the English needed some way to tax the colonist. So the English passed the Townshend Act which again angered the colonist. The Townshend Act introduced by Charles Townshend was a tax on imports of glass, lead, paint and tea. The Committees of Correspondence was formed so townships could educate people of their rights.

1. The Boston Tea Party

• Blake- This Boston Tea Party was the first act of aggression by The Sons of Liberty in response to the unlawful taxation. There are many stories as to what exactly happened the most popular version is The Sons of Liberty dressed as Native Americans and snuck into the Boston harbour in the middle of the night with soot covering their faces and dumped crates of tea all over the harbour.

• Hunter-This framed act of American colonial defiance served as a protest against taxation. Seeking to boost the troubled east India company, British parliament adjusted import duties with the passage of the tea act in 1773. While consignees in Charleston, New York, and Philadelphia rejected tea shipments, merchants in Boston refused to concede to Patriot pressure. On the night of December 16, 1773, Samuel Adams and the sons of Liberty boarded 3 ships in the Boston harbor and threw 342 chests of tea overboard. This resulted in the passage of the punitive Coercive Act in 1774 and pushed the two sides closer to war.  

1. The Intolerable Acts and the First Continental Congress

• Blake- The Coercive Acts which became The Intolerable Acts consisted of four bills. The Boston Port bill was a fine directed towards Boston to pay for the merchandise damaged. The Government bill gave Massachusetts expanded powers to the governor. The Administration Act of Justice gave the governor the ability to send corrupt government officials to London or other colonies for trial. The Quartering Act was a bill that forced all colonies to provide shelter and food to British troops which meant even making private homes open for them.

1. Lexington and Concord

• Blake- The Battles at Lexington and Concord were the first official altercations between the british and the colonist. Before these fateful battles happened in February of 1775 the British declared Massachusetts as a rebellious state. That April was when it all started the British sent Massachusett governor Thomas Gage to disarm the militia so he 700 British foot soldiers to march to Concord. This prompted the famous Paul Revere to ride through towns letting the townspeople know “The British are coming!”. Revere was warned that the British were making their way to Lexington along with Concord Revere quickly rode to Lexington to warn of the British arrival. When the British arrived at Lexington the militiamen stood strong and the skirmish ensued it is still unknown to this day who fired the first shot. After everything was settled 8 militiamen were dead and only one British soldier was wounded.

Into Episode - Freeing ourselves from the textbook for a deeper dive into the history of the United States. 

Q1: Introductions - Name, grade, If you were stranded on a desert island - who would you eat first?

Q2: Intentions/Expectations with the podcast

Q3: What’s the plan for each week?

Q4: Do you think this will be fun?

• Ricky