Tiff wraps up the fascinating and enormous history of the Cherokee Nation’s FIRST female Principal Chief; Wilma Mankiller. 

Wilma Mankiller rose from community development work to become a transformational leader of the Cherokee Nation. In 1983 she joined Ross Swimmer as Deputy Chief and, despite severe gender-based hostility—including threats and vandalism—won election and later became the first woman Principal Chief in 1985 when Swimmer joined the BIA. As deputy and then chief she prioritized community development, improved health care and housing, and pursued a balanced economic strategy that respected Cherokee culture while supporting responsible business growth. She reformed council elections to improve local representation, expanded cultural and literacy institutions, and used media access to counter stereotypes and educate voters. Her 1987 and 1991 campaigns emphasized self-determination, federal partnerships, and protecting social programs amid federal budget cuts; she also overcame health crises while maintaining leadership and earning national recognition.

As Principal Chief (1987–1995) Mankiller advanced economic diversification, infrastructure projects, and programs supporting small business, education, and healthcare, negotiated tax and self-governance compacts, and pursued resource claims—including the long Arkansas River litigation that led to a 2002 settlement. Her administration faced legal and jurisdictional conflicts with the United Keetoowah Band but also strengthened tribal courts and law enforcement cooperation. After leaving office due to health concerns, she taught, wrote, and campaigned on tribal sovereignty, women’s rights, and public health, receiving many honors (Presidential Medal of Freedom, numerous honorary degrees, hall‑of‑fame inductions). Her legacy endures through community projects, the Mankiller Foundation, cultural recognition, expanded tribal services, and ongoing tributes such as films, a US quarter, and a Barbie in her honor.

Wilma Mankiller not only represents the fundamental importance of recognizing our Native roots, but also she represents what ALL girls and women can accomplish. Being a role model does not stop with the Cherokee Nation, but with all of America. What a true gem we had right here in Oklahoma.

Sources: 

Wikipedia

Oklahoma Historical Society

National Trust for Historic Preservation

Britannica

Wilma Mankiller: Chief of the Cherokee Nation by Pamela Dell