Ariadne auf Naxos, an opera in German, is the creation of composer Richard Strauss and librettist Hugo von Hofmannsthal. The original version of the opera premiered in 1912, following the enormous success that Strauss and von Hofmannsthal had with Der Rosenkavalier the prior year. This version, most commonly performed in modern times, is the second version by the duo, and was premiered by the Vienna state opera in 1916.

The opera is, by turns, a serious treatment of an ancient myth, a sly social commentary, and a comedic mash-up of low and high art.