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★Rules for Changing dictionary-form to nai-form★

For this section you will learn how to change dictionary-form (Plain Present Affirmation) to nai-form (Plain Present Negative).

The following are the rules for the 3 groups of Japanese verbs.

Group 1 Verbs

To change group 1 verbs from dictionary-form to nai-form, change the u-sound to a-sound in the last word. After that append ない (nai) to the changed words and you will get the nai-form of the verb.

For example, this group 1 Japanese verb かく (kaku) ends up with く (ku). If you change the u-sound to a-sound, く (ku) becomes か (ka). Adding ない (nai) at the end, you will get かかない (kakanai).

Exception:

まちますmachimasuまたない matanai

はなしますhanashimasu はなさないhanasanai

かいますkaimasu かわないkawanai

Group 2 Verbs

Group 2 verbs are much simpler. You just need to change る (ru) to ない (nai) and you will get the nai-form Japanese verbs.

Group 3 Verbs

Group 3 verbs are irregular verbs. You just need to memorize them. The nai-form of くる (kuru) is こない (konai) and the nai-form of する (suru) is しない (shinai).

In summary, the following diagram shows the rules when changing dictionary-form to nai-form for Japanese verbs.

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