This is part 3 of 7.

Following a long liberation war that ended in 1991, Eritrea achieved de facto independence and faced the immense task of reconstructing its devastated infrastructure and economy. A national referendum in 1993 led to overwhelming support for sovereignty, and Eritrea gained international recognition, establishing a provisional government and beginning the process of state-building, including drafting a constitution and reforming civil services. The former liberation front transitioned into a new political movement, the People's Front for Democracy and Justice, focused on national development and public participation, promoting self-reliance through public works and national service programs. Despite significant progress in social indicators, a renewed border conflict with Ethiopia from 1998 to 2000 caused further displacement and casualties, ultimately leading to a peace agreement and a national campaign for reconstruction aimed at economic stability.

This is part 2 of 7, this historical account details the long and complex history of Eritrea, tracing its development from prehistoric times with some of the earliest known human settlements, through various ancient empires that controlled regional trade and culture. It then describes a succession of later kingdoms and empires that held sway over parts of the territory, including the Beja kingdoms and the Bahre Negash. The text highlights the period of modern colonial rule under the Italians and British, followed by Ethiopian annexation after World War II. Finally, it outlines the protracted liberation struggle led by the Eritrean Liberation Front and later the Eritrean People's Liberation Front, culminating in Eritrea's independence in 1991.

This multi-part series provides a comprehensive overview of Eritrea, starting with basic facts and moving into geographic features, climate, and natural life. It then focuses on the population and culture, detailing the nine ethnic groups and major religions present in the country. The text also discusses urban and rural life, before exploring civil society with a focus on women, youth, workers, and other organizations, concluding with information about Eritreans living abroad.

This episode outlines Eritrea's national water conservation efforts over the past 33 years, emphasizing the construction of various water reservoirs including dams of different sizes, ponds, sub-surface dams, and diversion structures. The article details the significant increase in the number and capacity of these structures since independence and highlights the government's strategy to ensure equitable distribution based on geographical factors and community needs. Testimonials from beneficiaries illustrate the positive impact of these projects on livelihoods, particularly in providing reliable access to potable water and revitalizing agricultural activities.

This episode examines Eritrea's water situation, highlighting its challenges with drought and limited water resources across several major river basins. It emphasizes that groundwater is the most dependable source despite pressures from overuse and climate change. The document details how Eritrea has implemented comprehensive legal and policy frameworks based on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) principles to address these issues, leading to dramatic improvements in access to clean and safe water nationwide, especially in rural areas and public institutions. This progress is attributed to significant investment in infrastructure, such as increasing the number of dams and ponds, and collaborations with international development organizations, with a continued focus on improving water use efficiency in agriculture and environmental protection.

Source - Dr. Fikrejesus Amahazion

This multi-part source details Eritrea's struggle for self-determination, beginning with the early colonial period and the loss of autonomy under Ethiopian rule. It traces the evolution from early resistance to a full-scale liberation war, highlighting the immense challenges faced by Eritrean fighters against successive Ethiopian regimes supported by various Cold War powers. The narrative focuses on key military campaigns and battles that turned the tide, culminating in decisive victories in the early 1990s leading to the liberation of major cities and ultimately, independence in 1991 after decades of arduous struggle. The source concludes by emphasizing the resilience of the Eritrean people and the subsequent international recognition of the newly formed nation.

This segment is the second part of a three-part series focusing on Eritrea's journey toward independence. It details how the United Nations' plan to federate Eritrea with Ethiopia as an autonomous unit ultimately failed due to Ethiopia's systematic dismantling of the agreed-upon structure. The source highlights the erosion of Eritrean autonomy under Ethiopian rule, the suppression of peaceful protests, and the international community's inaction in upholding the federal agreement. This ultimately led to Ethiopia's formal annexation of Eritrea and served as the catalyst for the start of the Eritrean people's armed struggle for liberation.

This multipart series examines the history of Eritrea, tracing its origins from the dawn of humanity in the Danakil Depression through successive periods of foreign rule and occupation. The text discusses the impact of Italian colonization, noting both the exploitation of Eritreans and the significant infrastructure development that occurred. It then details the British occupation after World War II and the subsequent denial of independence, ultimately leading to a federation with Ethiopia imposed by the UN due to Cold War strategic interests. The series highlights how Ethiopia systematically dismantled Eritrean autonomy, setting the stage for a long struggle for liberation.