EuFMD

The aim (focus) of this poster is to consider digital transformations of Analog Geography Hunting Grounds Maps (AGHGMs) (image 1) as well opportunities of introduce digital hunting grounds maps (DHGMs) in veterinary surveillance, monitoring, control programme for wildlife populations. Geographical Information System (GIS) as a computer based analyzing system displaying digital data with spatial sets. Spatial veterinary epidemiology (SVE) enabled the spatial/location of TADs and FAST diseases to aim identify the susceptible populations (domestic and wildlife) and epidemiological risk factors. Epidemiologic surveys calculate the disease incidence to facilitate the disease investigation and to frame preventive measures.

The movement of livestock between farms was one of the main risk factors for infection at the farm level during the high-risk period (HRP) of the 2001 FMD epidemic in Uruguay. This corresponds to the period where the virus was present but not yet detected in the country and the movements between livestock operations facilitated contact between infected and susceptible farms.
The aim of this study is to describe and quantify the transmission network of animal movements between farms during the initial phase of the 2001 FMD epidemic in Uruguay. These results are crucial to identify targets for surveillance and control measures.

Transboundary animal diseases pose a continual threat to the health of livestock and the welfare of livestock producers, with foot-and-mouth disease and similar transboundary (FAST) animal diseases (including peste des petits ruminants, Rift Valley fever, and capripoxvirus diseases) being of exceptional concern. The role of wildlife in maintaining or propagating these diseases is an area of active research, and should epidemic incursions occur into formerly disease-free regions, achieving disease control can require measures targeting both the domestic and the wild compartments. Understanding how transmission dynamics and applied control measures in one compartment can influence dynamics in the other compartment may be key to enacting optimal strategies, and parameterized models that account for this interface could play an important role in such decisions. Using the current African swine fever pandemic as a case study, we’ve created a model to mechanistically explain these transmission dynamics in an environment with suspected disease spillover.

Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is a widespread and economically important livestock disease endemic in large regions of the world, including most of Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite this computer modelling of FMD spread generally focuses on areas free of the disease. Modelling of disease spread is useful to assess the benefits and drawbacks of potential control strategies prior to their implementation, which is of specific importance to resource-constrained endemic countries considering eradicating the disease within their borders.

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a notifiable disease to the World Animal Health Organization (OIE). FMD is one of the most contagious zoonotic diseases, with important economic losses. FMD causes a low mortality rate in adult animals but often causes a high mortality rate in young animals due to myocarditis. United Arab Emirates (UAE) intensifies the effort in line with the Progressive Control Pathway for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (PCP-FMD) developed by FAO and EuFMD and further endorsed by the OIE, guiding endemic countries through a series of incremental steps to manage FMD risks better. This study aims to assess the impact of control strategies, including early detection, movement control, surveillance, and vaccination. The benefit of this study is to inform the policy maker on required actions for making progress towards eradicating FMD from the UAE.

Outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in disease-free countries can lead to millions of animals being culled and can cost billions of pounds. To control an outbreak, rapid detection and application of control measures are required to contain the spread. To do this it is essential to understand the transmission dynamics within a farm to determine the number of infected animals over time and the levels of environmental contamination.

Livestock mobility plays an important role in the dissemination of major diseases in West Africa, including Foot-and-Mouth disease, Rift Valley Fever, and Peste des Petits Ruminants. There is a need to identify reliable predictors of livestock movements. So far, a majority of studies have focused on the analysis of static movement networks. We aimed at modelling the temporal dynamics of cattle and small ruminant movements in Senegal using a set of predictors: livestock market prices, rainfall, and biomass production.

One of the most infectious livestock diseases in the world, Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) presents a constant global threat to animal trade and country economies. To assist control measures, the global clustering of FMD viruses has been divided into 7 virus pools, where multiple serotypes occur but within which are topotypes that remain mostly confined to that pool. This clustering of viruses suggests that if vaccination is to be a major tool for control, each pool could benefit from the use of tailored/more specific vaccine formulations relevant to the topotypes present in that pool.

Challenge of vaccinated animals for evaluation of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines will always be essential when new strains are implemented in vaccine production. To replace, reduce and refine animal experiments, producers are using alternative tests for batch release of vaccine. Producers either check the antibody response in standardised tests after vaccination or rely on GMP production and the quantification of 146S antigen in the vaccine.

The Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit sharing is an international agreement that became effective in 2014, whose objective is "the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources". It requires users to obtain authorization from the country of origin before accessing a genetic resource and to negotiate the terms and conditions of its use.

While the intention of the Protocol is to contribute to the sustainable use of biodiversity, its application to the field of infectious pathogens has resulted in increased bureaucracy, which makes it difficult to share strains and sequences. This red tape hampers innovation in the field of vaccines against FMD and other transboundary diseases (FAST) and it is ultimately detrimental for disease control and pandemic preparedness.

The Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) framework could be used as example of a framework that facilitates rapid sharing of virus strains, sequences and information. The veterinary scientific community and the international organizations needs to come together to define a similar innovative framework for FAST animal pathogens and ultimately exclude them from the scope of the Nagoya Protocol.