To the Jews, the sons of Abraham were his lineal, physical descendants. We must let the New Testament interpret the Old. Paul revealed the truth that the prophesied sons of Abraham are those who have the same faith as Abraham (ethnicity has nothing to do with it). Tina Turner sang, "What love got to do with it?" Paul could have crooned, "What's race got to do with it?" Here's how Paul put it in Romans: CSB Romans 4:9b-11 Faith was credited to Abraham for righteousness. In what way …was it credited—while he was circumcised, or uncircumcised? It was … while he was … uncircumcised…. This was to make him the father of all who believe but are not circumcised … NIV Galatians 3:29 If you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise. The physical descendants promised to Abraham were a type of the ultimate fulfillment: his spiritual descendants. Physical Israel was only a foreshadowing of the true fulfillment: Christ and the Church. This is why, at the end of Galatians, Paul refers to the Church as the true Israel: NIV Galatians 6:15-16 Neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything; what counts is a new creation.* Peace and mercy to all who follow this rule, even to the Israel of God. [All who live by this new-creation standard are specifically described as "the Israel of God", designating the true people of God in the new covenant]. *NIV 2 Corinthians 5:17 … if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation …