“The quantities, the actual dollar amount, is a much bigger business management question to ask. But the method...comes down to taxes.”
- Adam Rundle (11:28 - 11:43)
Adam Rundle
ABR Consulting
There is nothing fun about the fundamental nature of taxes. But getting a head start and planning now could save you thousands of dollars.
With the beginning of each new year comes the dreaded approach of tax season. For some, it is a time of hopeful expectation, and for others, doom and gloom. For Joe Hartman, an enrolled agent and fellow employee of ABR, tax season means another busy couple days in the office. As an Interviewing Tax Accountant and Advisor since 2008, Joe understands the one-time annual communication with the federal government can feel daunting.
Taxes are an essential component of success for business owners. Joe aims to stay proactive by guiding clients through the process of paying taxes, avoiding extra fees, and educating on the different strategies available for possible reduction. Unfortunately, no two clients are the same, and tax laws seem to string together into an intricate web that can be incredibly challenging to navigate. Every business owner should have a customized approach to tax planning based on numerous factors such as goals, family, and state of residence. There are so many decisions to make, primarily as a business owner. Which is why taxes are more often than not, pushed off to the side until the last minute.
Planning for taxes is often overlooked in day-to-day business operations. It is easy to focus on all the positive aspects of your business and decide to figure out taxes later. However, the best way for business owners to claim success and retain high profits is by answering the question of “how much money should I be paying myself?” The follow-up question is, “how do I go about this?” The answer to both of those questions lies in the very fun subject of taxes, and their relation to business structure.
“Taxes are a massive part of running a business. It is an inevitable process that we need to go through.” - Adam Rundle (3:15 - 3:24)
First, review the basic concept of PnL. Every business owner must able to calculate the total profit (P) or loss (L) over a given amount of time. These are the recordings necessary for determining total tax liability. The change in tax rates will be influential in determining how much profit is retained, amongst other variables. PnL is just one of the various factors that play a significant role in taxes. However, it is a starting point in understanding what is relevant for the business owner.
Second, understand the differences between each business structure when determining the best method for your tax planning. Most entrepreneurs are making less than four or five million a year and can be categorized into one of these three business structures.
- Sole Member/Proprietor, LLC. This is the most common default status as a single member, one person business. In this structure, all earned income is seen as profit. Money that you take out does not influence the tax rate, but it is subject to Social Security and Medicare, payroll, or when self-employed, self-employment tax.
- S Corporation. In this structure, the business owner becomes an employee of the business and a shareholder. The most significant difference from an LLC to an S Corporation is the act of taking that employee’s salary/compensation from their production in the business and reporting it on a W-2. The profit splits between the officer/owner’s salary as well as the shareholder’s profit - the rest of the S Corporation. This structure can be very beneficial to many taxpayers. However, payroll tax returns and filings must report State and Federal. Being an S Corporation gives the potential to save thousands of dollars by reducing the amount of income treated as earned by the business owner.
- C Corporation. In this business structure, income is taxed using current rates, on the corporate level. At this time the rate is 21%. Unlike Sole Proprietor, Partnership, and S Corporations, C Corporation is not a flow-through entity and pays its taxes instead of filing for tax returns. If an entrepreneur happens to operate within a C Corporation, generally, they will have a salary but no need to record any other profit from that corporation on their personal return.
There are two generic calculations for taxability. The first is income based on wage brackets, and the second is payroll centered on the earnings of the employee or business owner, including Social Security and Medicare.
Here is an explanation of one of the tax classification structures from above. An S Corporation owner/officer receives a W-2 where the wages are subject to payroll taxes including Social Security at 12.4% and Medicare at 2.9%. That’s a total of 15.3% of earnings going straight to payroll taxes right off the top. The S Corporation then pays those taxes on behalf of the business owner/employee. Keep in mind as a high-income earner there is also a Social Security cap of around $130,000.
Perhaps there is no silver bullet, but there is a silver lining.
The vast majority of entrepreneurs are small business owners who fall in the flow-through entity bracket. One of the most noteworthy changes in 2019 tax reform is the Qualifying Business Income Deduction, referred to as QBI in Section 199a. This spectacular opportunity for small business owners has tax professionals quite flustered. There is a requirement in the flow-through entity bracket to examine all profit and any other investment income in the annual tax return. QBI is a deduction with the ability to reduce the owner/officer’s taxability by 20% of the business income based on that annual calculation. Simply put, QBI can cut taxes in the bracket your business structure falls under.
The bottom line of QBI is that you are only paying taxes on 80% of your business income. With that low percentage, you could be saving a massive amount if you start planning effectively. However, there is an income threshold, after which the benefit begins to fade out. Shockingly, there are certain levels of income where you can face a 50% tax rate. But at the end of the year, if income rises beyond a certain level, you will be unable to claim that deduction. Essentially, that higher pay will tax at a much higher rate than the rest of your income.
“The big picture in tax planning is to make the most out of your money.” -Joe (22:42 - 22:50)
For those that won’t qualify for QBI, it may be helpful to immediately lower income by allotting some of your income to your retirement fund. One of the most commonly overlooked retirement options is the SEP IRA. Simplified Employee Pension allows every business owner to put away 25% of their profit. Rules differ based on each business structure, but this percentage can be contributed once as a last-minute tax advantage at the end of the year.
Regardless of your business structure, earnings, and income, Uncle Sam always gets his way. Take actionable steps by keeping clean records of your profits and losses. Stay aware of what taxes are due and when they are due to avoid penalties and interest by the state and federal government. When in doubt, consult a professional. Taxes may always feel a little daunting, but beginning to plan now can allow you to reap vast rewards in your tax season.
How to get involved
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