The Epic of Gilgamesh, over 4,000 years old and crafted in Mesopotamia, is the oldest epic known. Initially discovered in 1872, it changed the belief that the Bible and ancient Greek texts were the earliest records. This ancient tale, predating the Iliad and the Odyssey by 1,500 years, provides invaluable insight into mythology, history, and religious practices.

The narrative follows Gilgamesh, a semi-divine king of Uruk, on a life-altering journey of adventure, friendship, loss, and the quest for immortality. Embedded in Mesopotamian culture, his story influenced numerous cultures and religious narratives, including accounts like Noah’s Flood. Gilgamesh is documented as a 26th-century BCE ruler in the Sumerian King List and was later revered as a deity. His architectural triumph, the walls of Uruk, symbolize humanity’s quest for permanence.

Initially, a tyrannical ruler, Gilgamesh is countered by Enkidu, a wild man created by the gods, who becomes his dearest friend after a fierce battle. Together, they venture to the Cedar Forest, defeating Humbaba, the divine guardian, which leads to divine repercussions. After rejecting the goddess Ishtar, who sends the Bull of Heaven as retribution, the divine council decides one of them must die, and Enkidu succumbs to a fatal illness.

Stricken by Enkidu’s death, Gilgamesh seeks Utnapishtim, the sole immortal man, to understand eternal life. Utnapishtim’s story of surviving a Great Flood parallels the biblical Noah. Despite Gilgamesh's efforts, he learns that true immortality is not attainable but lies in one’s legacy. He returns to Uruk, understanding that his deeds and the city's walls are his enduring legacy.

This epic, a foundational hero’s journey, explores themes of mortality and the search for meaning, influencing countless myths and religious ideas. It questions how myths transmit across civilizations, with theories suggesting the Anunnaki, deities of Mesopotamian lore, might represent advanced beings impacting early societies. This work also delves into mysticism and altered states of consciousness in Gilgamesh's journey to the underworld.

In the underworld, Gilgamesh aims to reclaim sacred symbols of power, and Enkidu attempts to assist but becomes trapped among the dead. Gilgamesh's grief leads to a vision of Enkidu's spirit, who reveals that the remembered live in peace, while the forgotten suffer, emphasizing memory as a path to immortality. The Epic of Gilgamesh, a cornerstone of ancient literature, continues to shape mythology, philosophy, and religious thought.

Script and editing by Lucas Martins Kern.

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See show notes: https://inlet.fm/anunnaki/episodes/6844bdd002b952b060e8ec0d

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